闭塞锻造模设计说明书毕业论文.doc

I目录摘要··································································································Abstract·····························································································第1章绪论························································································11.1国外的发展现状·······································································11.2国内的发展现状·······································································2第2章冷闭塞锻造概述········································································42.1闭式挤压·················································································42.2冷闭塞锻造成形的优点·····························································42.3挤压件分类··············································································6第3章直齿圆锥齿轮三维实体造型及参数分析·······································73.1三维实体造型软件介绍·····························································73.2直齿圆锥齿轮几何尺寸计算·······················································73.3直齿圆锥齿轮三维造型及计算其体积和质量·······························83.3.1直齿圆锥齿轮三维造型过程·············································83.3.2计算齿轮的体积和质量····················································9第4章直齿圆锥齿轮冷闭塞锻造工艺方案确定·····································104.1冷锻件设计············································································104.2毛坯尺寸的确定·····································································11第5章模具设计················································································125.1挤压力的计算········································································125.2冷闭塞锻造成形的特点···························································125.3模具工作零件设计··································································135.3.1模具设计前需要考虑的有关问题·····································135.3.2凸模的设计···································································155.3.3凹模的设计···································································175.3.4杠杆的设计···································································215.3.5导向、顶出件设计·························································265.4模具总体结构设计··································································28第6章技术经济性分析······································································30第7章专题论文················································································31II结论··································································································37致谢··································································································38参考文献···························································································39摘要冷闭塞锻造是国际上九十年代初出现的塑性加工最新技术，是现代计算机技术、材料科学、精密加工、测量技术和计算力学与传统塑性成形技术相结合的产物。作为最先进的精密成形技术之一，冷闭塞锻造工艺以其精密、优质、高效、低消耗、低成本、大批量等生产特点，成为世界塑性加工技术发展的重要方向。长期以来，我国汽车生产，尤其在精密成形技术方面处于落后位置。随着我国汽车生产，尤其是轿车生产的大规模化与全球性竞争的日趋激烈，积极开发冷闭塞锻造成套技术并使之尽快产业化意义重大。本人设计的是用闭塞锻造的方法直接加工成形直齿圆锥齿轮，即通过挤压封闭腔中的坯料来加工成形直齿圆锥齿轮，采用精锻（挤压）方法成形的齿轮有沿齿廓合理分布而连续的金属流线和致密组织，其齿轮的强度、齿面的耐磨能力、热处理变形量和啮合噪声等都优于切削加工的齿轮。与切削加工相比，精锻齿轮的强度可提高20%、抗弯疲劳寿命提高20%、热处理变形量比切削齿轮减少30%、生产效率提高了2倍以上、生产成本降低20%以上。生产批量在300500件以上时，经济上更合理的。关键字：直齿圆锥齿轮、闭塞锻造、挤压、凹模、凸模IIIAbstractColdunenlightenedforgingistheplasticprocessingnewesttechnologywhichontheinternationalatthebeginningof90sappears,isproductwhichmoderncomputertechnology,thematerialsscience,thepreciseprocessing,thesurveytechnologyandcomputationmechanicsandthetraditionalplasticityformingtechnologyunifies.Oneofasmostadvancedpreciseformedtechnologies,thecoldunenlightenedforgingcraftbyitsprecise,highquality,ishighlyeffective,productioncharacteristicandsoonthelowconsumption,lowcost,massbecomestheimportantdirectionoftheworldplasticityprocessingtechnologicaldevelopment.Sincelongago,ourcountryautomobileproductionisinthebackwardpositionespeciallyinthepreciseformedtechnologyaspect.Alongwithourcountryautomobileproduction,thepassengervehicleproduceslarge-scaleandtheglobalcompetitioninparticularisdaybydayintense,positivelydevelopsthecoldunenlightenedforgingcompletesettechnologyandcausesitassoonaspossibleindustrialproductionwatershed.Mydesignwiththeunenlightenedforgingmethoddirectprocessingformingstraighttoothbevelgear,namelyprocessestheformedstraighttoothbevelgearthroughtheprecisedropforging,usesthefinishforgemethodformingthegeartohavealongthetoothprofilereasonabledistributionbutthecontinualmetalstreamlineandthecompacttexture,itsgearintensity,thetoothfacewear-resistingability,heattreatmentDistortionQuantityandmeshthenoiseandsoonallasaresultofthemachininggear.Compareswiththemachining,thefinishforgegearintensitymayenhance20%,theanti-curvedfatiguelifeenhances20%,theheattreatmentDistortionQuantityratiocutsthegeartoreduce30%,theproductioncostreducesabove20%.Productionbatchwhen300500,ineconomymorereasonable.Keywords:Straighttoothbevelgear,Unenlightenedforging,Extrusion,IVConcavemold,Raisedmold.第1章绪论直齿圆锥齿轮是应用极为广泛的重要传动零件。因其形状复杂，材质、尺寸精度、表面质量及综合机械性能均要求很高，很难以常规的塑性加工技术生产。目前，加工直齿圆锥齿轮主要还是以机械加工为主，而采用机械加工又费时、费料、效率低、工序长，所以本设计采用冷闭塞锻造制坯再进行少量切削加工（或无机加工）的制造方法。近年来，随着机械工业，尤其是汽车工业的飞速发展与国际竞争的激化，零部件及其设计与生产过程的高精度、高性能、高效率、低成本、低能耗、省资源已成为提高产品竞争力的唯一途径。常规切削加工技术和完全拘泥于传统的粗放型塑性加工制坯工艺难以满足要求，传统的塑性加工技术与现代高新技术全方位的密切结合，实现塑性加工的智能化、精密化、高效率低成本以及可持续发展，已成为现代塑性加工技术发展的普遍趋势和方向。11国外的发展现状在汽车工业发达的国家，冷精密锻造技术迅速发展并发挥重要作用。冷精密锻造技术已经从最初简单的自行车零件、农用机械零件、普通精度零件的应用向汽车高精度复杂锻件方向突破，其中最为引人注目的是以精密冷塑性成形技术作为基本支持的轿车复杂结构零件的产品设计。冷闭塞锻造工艺是近几年发展起来的先进制造技术。作为精密复杂零件生产的重要途径，冷闭塞锻造技术，又称为复动成形技术，因其精密、优质、高效、低消耗、低成本、大批量等生产特点而为汽车工业所瞩目。以智能化技术为应用背景的冷闭塞锻造工艺成为现代塑性体积成形技术发展的重要方向。当前钢制零件的冷锻技术最为发达的国家当首推日本和德国。德国自五十年代起就将冷锻技术应用于金属加工工业。曾被用于军工生产的冷锻技术现在主要的面向对象是汽车工业，其中70%用于轿车业。在欧洲，轿车冷锻