采用单片机控制的风光互补发电系统毕业设计毕业论文.doc

1目录引言···········································································································1第一章概述······························································································21.1课题来源················································································21.2系统简述················································································3第二章8031单片机系统简介·······································································72.18031引脚描述·········································································72.2存储器配置·············································································92.3中央处理器···········································································102.4复位状态及复位电路······························································112.5系统的地址译码···································································112.6定时器/计数器·······································································122.7中断系统··············································································13第三章8031单片机最小应用系统的设计·····················································163.1EPROM（2764）···································································163.2RAM（6264）·······································································163.3ADC0809逐次逼近式8位A/D转换器······································163.48255A可编程并行接口···························································193.574LS138译码器·····································································243.674LS373八D锁存器······························································253.774LS123再触发单稳态多谐振荡器···········································263.8555定时器············································································27第四章8031单片机的扩展········································································294.1程序存储器的扩展································································294.2数据存储器的扩展·································································304.3并行I/O口的扩展··································································304.4显示接口电路········································································32第五章部分硬件电路的设计·····································································345.1“看门狗”电路·····································································345.2分频电路·············································································3525.3模拟量输入电路···································································365.4精密电源···········································································365.5光电隔离工作电路·································································375.6时钟产生电路········································································38第六章抗干扰问题··················································································39第七章软件设计·····················································································407.1程序流程图···········································································417.2程序·····················································································46结论··································································································54参考文献··································································································55附录··································································································56谢辞··································································································57引言电力在现实生活中占主导地位，但是受客观环境的限制，有些地区根本无法实现电业的发展和建设。为了弥补传统电力的不足，我们设计了风光互补发电系统。此系统就是利用风和光两种自然能源相互补充发电，由太阳能电池板与风力发电机发电，经蓄电池充电，给负载供电的一种新型能源。它既不消耗任何矿物燃料，又完成了对自然能源的合理利用。此系统可以应用于微波通讯、基站、电台、野外活动、高速公路、无电扇区、村庄、海岛的电力提供。而且为了适应偏远地区不便利的地理环境。风光互补发电控制系统几乎完成了智能化，免维护。尤其适合在内蒙古风力大的偏远山区。本次设计就是对风光互补发电系统的详细介绍。设计中对整个发电系统作了简要介绍，但对系统所用的单片机、其他芯片及附加电路作了详细介绍。并介绍了系统中的抗干扰措施。最后介绍了系统的软件设计。由于我所学知识和时间有限，设计中有不少漏洞和不足，敬请老师给与批评和指正。谢谢。3第一章概述在我们的日常生活中，所用电力几乎都是由传统的电力提供的，但是受到外界环境限制，它并不能遍及每一个用电领域。于是我们需要开发新的独立的供电系统。1.1课题来源在当今世界，电已经成为人们生活中最常用的动力来源，随着人们生活水平的不断提高和技术进步，人们对电的依赖越来越强。无论是农业、工业还是新型的第三产业，用电量都在逐年增加，几乎可以说，没有电能，人民的生活将陷入高度的无秩序状态。也正是因为电力在人们的生活中占的比重越来越大，才使得人们生活的地区差异表现的越来越明显。因为我们知道，传统的电力行业以消耗煤等矿物燃料为主，生产过程中科学技术的要求也比较高，随之带来的环境污染也比较严重。这就使得有些根本不具备发展传统电力的条件。比如说，我们知道我国的能源分布具有很大的不均衡性，有些偏远地区，如农牧区、山区、沿海以及岛屿等地，部队的边防哨所、邮电通讯的中继站、公路和铁路的信号站、地质勘探和野外考察的工作站，都需要低成本、高可靠性的独立电源系统，但是因为地方上根本就没有矿物燃料的存储，甚至因为地区偏远，对于燃料的运输都几乎不可能；而还有些地区，则由于人力资源不丰富，长时间以来也一直很难建设自己的电力事业，也就限制和制约了许多用电行业的的发4展；当然越来越严重的环境污染问题，也不由得让我们在电力的建设发展上小心又谨慎。这种种情况造成了我国许多地方的人民，在日常生活中长期承受着电力缺少的困难。从这些客观的条件中我们可以看出，在远离电网的地区，建立独立供电系统成为人们最需要的电源。哪种独立电源最合理，这是人们一直在研究和探讨的问题。如今我们发现风和光等自然能源，在部分地区很丰富，而且这些能源清洁无污染，取之不尽，用之不竭，对它们的合利用既可以节省矿物燃料，又能给人们带来很大方便，是理想的能源。于是智能化风光互补发电控制系统就应用而生了。风光互补发电控制系统就是利用风和光两种自然能源相互补充发电，在不消耗任何矿物燃料的情况下提供可靠的免费电力，为农牧区、山区、沿海以及岛屿等边远地区的人民解决缺少电力的困境。它的工作原理很简单，就是永磁交流发电机，利用风能发出三项交流电；光电池板则在太阳能的照射下，自动的将太阳能转化为电能。二者所发的电共同为蓄电池供电。其间微机控制系统是整个发电系统的核心部件，它完成对系统的监测、报警、信号传输以及问题处理、自动维护等工作，也就是让整个系统几乎实现了智能化。1.2系统简述风光互补发电系统的硬件设计中，为了实现智能化，为了保证蓄电池既不过充，也不过放，系统设置了蓄电池电压控制系统；对于继电器在指令执行后，是否按要求动作，系统设置了继电器动作检测，并且对故障状态设置了报警显示电路，为了让单片机8031在执行程序后能正常复位，系统设置了看门狗电路，等等。不只在电路设计上这样，在参数选择上也有讲究，比如说，在系统设置经济合理，简单明了的前提下，系统选择了6Q90型号的蓄电池，因为它重量轻，体积小，而且充放电循环次数多，也就是说电池的使用寿命长；继电器选择JTX1型的小型继电器，大大减少了系统总重量和占地面积。下面对系统作简要介绍。系统的原理方框图如下