2吨液压挖掘机的挖掘机构设计说明书.doc
本科生毕业论文姓名:学号:学院:专业:机械工程及自动化论文题目:2吨液压挖掘机的挖掘机构专题:指导教师:职称:摘要本次设计的题目是履带式液压挖掘机挖掘机构。与其它类型的挖掘机相比,这种类型的挖掘机因有良好通过性能应用最广,对松软地面或沼泽地带还可采用加宽、加长以及浮式履带来降低接地比压。液压挖掘机的主要特点为:能无级调速且调速范围大,能得到较低的稳定转速,快速作用时,液压元件产生的运动惯性小,加速性能好,并可作高速反转,传动平稳,结构简单,可吸收冲击和振动,操纵省力,易实现自动化控制,易于实现标准化、系列化、通用化。本次设计的主要参数是斗容量0.2m3,它属于中小型液压挖掘机,主要设计挖掘机的工作装置、液压传动原理。在设计中,采用了履带式行走装置,来满足要求。上部转台是全回转式,因此它可在一个更大的范围内工作。又因采用液压传动控制而使整机性能得以改善。与机械式挖掘机相比,其挖掘力提高到23倍,整机质量约为5吨,挖掘力约为30kN,最大卸载高度约为2.65m,最大挖掘深度4.2m,最大挖掘半径约为5.728m,从中可以看出整机作业能力有了很大的改进,不仅挖掘力大,且机器重量轻,传动平稳,作业效率高,结构紧凑。另外,还对挖掘机的工作装置提出基于结构推理的机构方案创新设计方法。关键词:液压挖掘机;挖掘机构;液压系统ABSTRACTThisdesignedtopicisthemarchinghydraulicexcavatorexcavationalorganization.Comparedwithothertypesexcavators,thiskindoftypeexcavatorusedveryuniversalthatbecausehasgoodthroughtheperformance,alsomayusetolengthenswidensaswellasthefloatingtypecaterpillarbandtoreducepressureforthesoftgroundorthebogregion.Thehydraulicexcavatormaincharacteristicis:notonlycanadjuststhesteplessspeedbutalsocanadjustscopeverybig,canobtainalowerstablerotationalspeed,whenactionquickly,thehydraulicpartsproduceinertiasmall,accelerationaltheperformancegood,andmaymakethehighspeedreverse,thetransmissionsteady,structuresimple,mayabsorbattacksandvibrates,theoperationreduceseffort,andtobeeasytorealizetheautomatedcontrol,iseasytorealizethestandardization,theseriation,theuniversalization.Thisdesignedmainparameterisscoopcapacity0.2m3,itislongtothemiddleandsmallscalehydraulicexcavator,mainlydesigntheexcavator,stheworkinstallmentandthehydraulictransmissionprinciple.Inthedesign,usedmarchingwalkedtheinstallmenttosatisfiedrequest.Upsidetheturnplateistheentirerotation,thereofitmayworkinagreaterscope.Andfurtherbecauseusesthehydraulicsteeringtoenabletheentiremachineperformancetoimprove.Comparedwiththemechanicaltypeexcavator,itsexcavationstrengthenhanceto23times,theentiremachineweightapproximatelyis5tons,theexcavationstrengthapproximatelyis30kN,thebiggestunloadinghighapproximatelyis2.65m,biggestdiggingdepthis4.2m,thebiggestexcavationradiusapproximatelyis5.728m,thuscanseetheentiremachineworkabilitytohavetheverybigimprovement,notonlyexcavationstrengthbig,butalsomachineweightlight,transmissionsteadyly,workefficiencyishigh,thestructureiscompact.Moreover,butalsoproposestotheexcavatorworkinstallmentbasedonthestructureinferenceorganizationplaninnovationdesignmethod.Keyword:Hydraulicexcavator;Excavationorganization;Hydraulicsystem目录1绪论.11.1液压挖掘机的工作特点和基本类型.21.1.1液压挖掘机的主要优点.21.1.2液压挖掘机的基本类型及主要特点.31.2液压挖掘机的发展概况.41.2.1国外液压挖掘机目前水平及发展趋势.41.2.2国内液压挖掘机的发展概况.41.3本次设计概述.51.4反铲装置的工作原理.51.5本次设计任务.62总体设计方案.72.1工作装置设计方案原则.72.2液压系统设计方案原则(总体).72.2.1单斗液压挖掘机作业过程.82.2.2对液压系统作业动作要求.82.2.3对液压系统基本的要求.83挖掘机的工作装置设计.103.1确定动臂、斗杆、铲斗的结构形式.103.1.1确定动臂的结构形式.103.1.2确定斗杆的结构形式.113.1.3确定铲斗的结构形式和斗齿安装结构.113.1.4铲斗与铲斗液压缸的连接方式.133.2确定动臂、斗杆、铲斗油缸的铰点布置.143.2.1动臂油缸的布置.143.2.2斗杆油缸的布置.163.2.3铲斗油缸的布置.163.3动臂、斗杆、铲斗机构参数的选择.17