全自动洗衣机控制系统的设计说明书.doc

学院毕业设计说明书1目录第一章概述·······················································1第二章课题任务分析················································22.1整体功能介绍···············································22.2设备控制要求················································2第三章控制系统的设计··············································33.1控制系统框图················································33.2控制系统对应设备及实现功能··································33.3控制系统原理················································4第四章硬件电路设计················································54.1系统的选型··················································54.2CPU单元设计················································74.3硬件接线图················································74.4通讯方式···················································74.5储存模块···················································74.6电池模块···················································74.7通讯模块··················································7第五章软件的设计5.1I/O分配·················································115.2流程图····················································125.3源程序····················································145.4程序运行过程分析··········································235.5程序的下载安装和调试·····································23第六章PLC和单片机控制的对比······································246.1简述PLC和单片机·········································256.2用PLC和单片机分别做系统的比较···························256.3用PLC做系统洗衣机的特性·································27第七章结束语·····················································29第八章毕业设计总结···············································30致谢······························································32参考文献··························································33摘要：随着社会经济的发展和科学技术水平的提高，家庭电器全自动化成为必然的发展趋势。全自动洗衣机的产生极大的方便了人们的生活。洗衣机是国内家电业唯一不打价格战的行业，经过几年的平稳发展，国产洗衣机无论在质量上还是功能上都和世界领先水平同步。纵观洗衣机市场，高效节能、省水、省电、环保型洗衣机一直在市场上占主导地位。该论文就怎样利用PLC来控制全自动洗衣机进行了调查，对其中软件设计、硬件设计等问题进行了分析和研究，实现了全自动洗衣机的正常运行和强制性停止功能。关键词：PLC全自动洗衣机控制学院毕业设计说明书2EntireautomaticwashercontrolsystemdesignAbstract:Alongwiththesocialeconomydevelopmentandthescienceandtechnologylevelenhancement,thefamilyelectricapplianceentireautomationbecomestheinevitabledevelopmenttendency.Entireautomaticwasherproductionenormousconveniencepeopleslife.Thewasheristhedomesticelectricalappliancesindustrydoesnotonlyhittheprofessionwhichthepricefights,passesthroughseveralyearsteadydevelopment,thedomesticallyproducedwasherregardlessofinqualityorinfunctionallwithworldleadinghorizontalsynchronization.Looksoverthewashermarket,thehighlyeffectiveenergyconservation,theprovincewater,theprovinceelectricity,theenvironmentalprotectionwashercontinuouslyoccupythedominantpositioninthemarket.HowdoesthispaperstudycontrolstheentireautomaticwasherusingPLC,toquestionandsoonsoftwaredesign,hardwaredesignhascarriedontheanalysisandthediscussion,hasrealizedtheentireautomaticwashernormaloperationandcompulsorystopsthefunction.Keyword:PLCentireautomaticwashercontrol第一章概述根据全自动洗衣机的工作原理,利用可编程控制器PLC实现控制,说明了PLC控制的原理方法,特点及控制洗衣机的特色。全自动洗衣机控制系统利用了西门子S7-200系列PLC的特点,对按鈕,电磁阀,开关等其他一些输入/输出点进行控制,实现了洗衣机洗衣过程的自动化。由于每遍的洗涤,排水,脱水的时间由PLC内计数器控制,所以只要改变计数器参数就可以改变时间。可以把上面设定的程序时间定下来,作为固定程序使用,也可以根据衣物的质地,数量及油污的程度来编程。只要稍作改变,就可以设计出诸如要多洗多甩的牛仔类衣物,轻洗轻甩的羊毛类衣物以及通用的标准洗涤程序,充分表现现代家电品的实用性。在洗衣机控制方面，在PLC问世之前，工业控制领域中是继电器占主导地位。但继电器控制领域有着十分明显的缺点：体积大、耗电多、可靠性、寿命短、运行速度慢、适应性差、尤其当生产工艺发生变化时，就必须重新设计、重新安装，造成时间和资金的严重浪费。为学院毕业设计说明书3了改变这一现状，PLC控制系统产生了。继1969年美国数字设备公司研制出世界第一台PLC，并在通用汽车公司自动装配线上试用，获得了成功，从而开创了工业控制新时期，从此，可编程控制器这一新的控制技术迅速发展起来了。在许多领域都有广泛的应用。PLC的优点是：可靠性高，耗电少，适应性强，运行速度快，寿命长等，为了进一步提高全自动洗衣机的功能和性能，避免传统控制的一些弊端，就提出了用PLC来控制全自动洗衣机这个课题。第二章课题任务分析2.1整体功能介绍洗衣机的工作流程由进水，洗衣，排水，和脱水四个过程组成。在半自动洗衣机中，这四个过程分别用相应的按扭开关来控制。全自动洗衣机中，这四个过程可做到全自动依次运行，直至洗衣结束。2.2设备控制要求全自动洗衣机控制要求是能实现”正常运行“和”强制停止“两种控制要求。按下启动按扭，开始进水直到水满（即水位达到高水位）时停止进水开始洗涤正转洗涤时，正转30秒，停两秒，然后反转30秒，停2秒如此循环5次，总共320秒开始排水水位下降到低水位时开始脱水并继续排水，脱水30秒学院毕业设计说明书4开始清洗，重复（1）到（4），清洗两遍清洗完成，报警3秒并自动停机若按下排水按扭可以实现手动排水若按下停车按扭，可实现手动停止进水，排水脱水及报警第三章控制系统的设计3.1控制系统框图图1系统框图3.2控制系统对应设备及实现功能S7-200PLC进水/排水电磁阀洗涤电机脱水电机