双铰接剪叉式液压升降台的设计说明书.doc

毕业设计说明书1目录第一章绪论························································11.1举升机的发展简史·····················································11.2汽车举升机的设计特点···············································21.3汽车举升机的安全保证措施···········································31.3.1设计制造方面的安全保证措施·······································31.3.2使用维护方面的安全保证措施·······································4第二章剪叉式升降台的应用及其受力分析的讨论·························52.1剪叉式升降平台的三种结构形式·······································52.2双铰接剪叉式升降平台机构的位置参数计算···························62.3双铰接剪叉式升降平台机构的动力参数计算···························82.4剪叉式升降平台机构设计时应注意的问题······························92.5针对性比较小实例：···················································92.6双铰接剪叉式升降平台机构中两种液压缸布置方式的分析比较·········122.6.1问题的提出：······················································132.6.2两种布置方式的分析和比较：······································142.6.3实例计算·························································15第三章液压传动系统的设计计算··········································203.1明确设计要求制定基本方案：·········································203.2制定液压系统的基本方案··············································203.2.1确定液压执行元件的形式·······································203.2.2确定液压缸的类型················································223.2.3确定液压缸的安装方式···········································223.2.4缸盖联接的类型··················································223.2.5拟订液压执行元件运动控制回路···································223.2.6液压源系统························································223.3确定液压系统的主要参数··············································233.3.1载荷的组成与计算：················································233.3.2初选系统压力······················································253.3.3计算液压缸的主要结构尺寸········································263.3.4确定液压泵的参数·················································283.3.5管道尺寸的确定··············································30毕业设计说明书23.3.6油箱容量的确定················································313.4液压缸主要零件结构、材料及技术要求································313.4.1缸体·····························································313.4.2活塞·····························································323.4.3活塞杆···························································333.4.4活塞杆的导向、密封和防尘·······································333.4.5液压缸的排气装置················································343.4.6液压缸安装联接部分的型式及尺寸································353.4.7绘制液压系统原理图··············································35第四章台板与叉杆的设计计算···········································394.1确定叉杆的结构材料及尺寸···········································394.2横轴的选取····························································43结论·································································44致谢·································································45参考文献·································································46摘要：双铰接剪叉式升降台的设计是在原由的剪叉式升降台的基础上，运用现在的灵活性、安全性、经济性等指标；结构以能够满足灵活性要求较高的汽车维修需要为前提,通过不同型号和响应福建达到满足物流、汽车维修等性能要求。通过对双铰接剪叉式升降台机构位置参数和动力参数的技术，结合具体实例，对机构中良种液压缸布置方式分析比较，并根据要求对液压传动系统个部分进行设计计算最终确定液压执行元件-液压缸，通过对叉杆的各项受力分析确定台板与叉杆的载荷要求，最终完成剪叉式液压升降台的设计要求。关键字：升降台；剪叉式；液压Double-hingedscissorshydraulicliftingplatformdesignAbstract:Double-hingedscissorsliftsinthedesignofthepreviouslyscissorsliftsonthebasisofthepresentapplicationflexibility,security,economicandotherindicators,structuralflexibilitytomeethigherrequirementsofvehiclemaintenancetheneedforpremise,andtheresponsebydifferentmodelstomeetFujianlogistics,vehiclemaintenance,andotherperformancerequirements.毕业设计说明书3Throughthedouble-hingedscissorsliftsPositionparameterandthedynamicparametersoftechnology,combinedwithspecificexamples,theagencyimprovedinthehydrauliccylinderlayoutanalysisandcomparison,andinaccordancewiththerequirementsofpartofahydraulicsystemdesignandcalculationoffinalPressureimplementationcomponents-hydrauliccylinder,throughanalysisofthefork-definedplateandfork-loadrequirements,thefinalcompletionofscissorshydraulicliftsthedesignrequirements.KeyWords：Cageassembly；Scissorsforksaredyadic；Hydraulicpressure第一章绪论汽车举升机是现代汽车维修作业中必不可少的设备，它的主要作用就是为发动机、底盘、变速器等养护和维修提供方便。举升机的从上世纪20年代开始使用，发展至今经历了许多的变化改进，种类也比较多，一般有柱式、剪式，其驱动方式有链条传动，液压传动，气压传动等。本章就从举升机的产生、发展以及制造工艺等方面进行简单的介绍。毕业设计说明书41.1举升机的发展简史汽车举升机在世界上已经有了70年历史。1925年在美国生产的第一台汽车举升机，它是一种由气动控制的单柱举升机，由于当时采用的气压较低，因而缸体较大；同时采用皮革进行密封，因而压缩空气驱动时的弹跳严重且又不稳定。直到10年以后，即1935年这种单柱举升机才在美国以外的其它地方开始采用。1966年，一家德国公司生产出第一台双柱举升机，这是举升机设计上的又一突破性进展，但是直到1977这种举升机才在德国以外的其它国家出现。现在双柱举升机在市场上以占据牢固的地位，其销量还在持续增长。它和四柱举升机相比，既有优点，也有缺点，以下将作一简要说明。我们所见到的绝大多数举升机均采用固定安装方式。在举升前汽车必须驶上举升机。在移动式举升机方面也有几项成功设计，如剪式举升机、菱架式举升机等。但这类举升机仍存在两个主要问题，接近汽车下部较难；在车间移动举升机时难逾越地面上的障碍物。当然，可移动性是这类举升机的突出优点。现在固定安装的单柱、双柱、四柱举升机已在维修现场广泛采用，而移动式举升机却相对要少得多。最初设计单柱举升机外，车辆较大，其底盘也能明显辨认，因而汽车检修区远远大于举升器件。而今绝大多数汽车均为“紧凑型”或“半紧凑型”，导致汽车检修区域接近主要举升机器件而不便操作。但在南美洲却属例外，那里仍然采用较大的车辆，这可能是单柱举升机在该地区的市场上仍然受到欢迎的重要原因。单柱举升机有两大优点：当其下降后，不致成维修车间的障碍物；汽车可在举升机上转动。但美国却受到了责难，主要是举升机的旋转会带来撞击操作人员的危险。单柱举升机的主要缺点是：第一，它需要在车间的地面挖掘一个相当大的坑穴后才能安装；其次，它只能为使用提供车轮支撑方式；第三，使用时难于接近汽车下部的一些重要检修区域。举升用的油缸潜藏在地下也给维修带来两大问题：第一是检修这些零部件颇为困难；其次是由于油缸所处的环境条件差，容易生锈，特别是地下水位较高时更是如此。双柱举升机（包括液压式或机械式），均具有以下优点：第一，检修汽车下部具有很高的可接近性（几乎达到100%）；其次，采用车轮自由型的方式支撑汽车，因而拆卸车轮时不需要其它辅助性的举升措施；第三，结构紧凑，占地面小。双柱举升机的缺点是：第一为确保安全，安置举升机时要求非常严格，否则在举升过程中容易摇晃或颠覆；第二，由于举升机常采用车轮自由型的方式支撑汽车，如需采取车轮支撑型的方式维修汽车则甚感不便，如检查悬挂系统、检查转向机构间隙或进行车轮定位检验等；第三，由于举升臂和立柱承受悬臂或载荷所产生的巨大应力，其承力件易于磨损，因而双柱举升机的安全工作寿命一般要比四柱举升机低。