矿井装载装置设计（液压与电控）说明书.doc

中国矿业大学2008届本科生毕业设计第1页目录1绪论.....................................................................................................................11.1引言..............................................................................................................11.2装卸载系统组成..........................................................................................11.2.1矿井提升设备中的装卸载设备.............................................................21.2.2矿井装卸载工艺过程..............................................................................51.3装置组成.....................................................................................................51.4工作过程.....................................................................................................51.5电控系统......................................................................................................51.5.1PLC在箕斗装卸自动控制中的应用........................................................61.5.2系统的功能..............................................................................................71.5.3系统结构及工作原理..............................................................................71.5.4PLC的故障诊断......................................................................................81.5.5PLC在液压传动控制中的应用................................................................81.5.6液压传动系统的特点..............................................................................91.5.7PLC系统的硬件设计..............................................................................91.5.8PLC的程序设计的方法........................................................................102液压系统的设计...............................................................................................102.1液压系统方案设计....................................................................................112.2液压系统的使用要求及速度负载分析....................................................132.3液压系统图................................................................................................142.4液压系统组成元件的选择和设计............................................................163液压缸的设计...................................................................................................173.1液压缸的设计............................................................................................173.2闸门液压缸的设计....................................................................................173.2.1闸门液压缸工作压力及主要结构尺寸的计算....................................173.2.2液压缸壁厚和外径的计算....................................................................233.2.3液压缸缸盖厚度的确定........................................................................263.2.4液压缸最小导向长度的确定................................................................273.2.5液压缸缸体长度的确定........................................................................273.3溜嘴液压缸的设计....................................................................................283.3.1溜嘴液压缸工作压力及主要结构尺寸的计算....................................283.3.2液压缸壁厚和外径的计算....................................................................323.3.3液压缸缸盖厚度的确定........................................................................353.3.4液压缸最小导向长度的确定................................................................353.3.5液压缸缸体长度的确定........................................................................36中国矿业大学2008届本科生毕业设计第2页3.4液压缸结构的设计...................................................................................363.4.1缸体与缸盖的连接形式........................................................................373.4.2活塞杆与活塞的连接形式....................................................................383.4.3活塞杆导向部分的结构........................................................................393.4.4活塞及活塞杆处密封圈的选用............................................................393.4.5液压缸的安装连接结构........................................................................403.4.6液压缸主要零件的材料和技术要求....................................................414液压泵站的设计与计算...................................................................................444.1液压泵参数的计算与选型........................................................................444.1.1液压泵的概述........................................................................................444.1.2液压泵的工作原理................................................................................454.1.3液压泵的分类和选用............................................................................464.1.4液压泵的主要性能参数........................................................................474.2电动机的参数计算与选型........................................................................495液压辅件的选择...............................................................................................495.1蓄能器的选型............................................................................................505.1.1蓄能器的计算与选型............................................................................505.1.2蓄能器的安装........................................................................................515.2过滤器的选型...........................................................................................515.3油箱的选型与设计...................................................................................535.3.1油箱的功用........................................................................................535.3.2油箱结构的设计....................................................................................535.3.3油箱容积的确定....................................................................................545.3.4油箱的尺寸............................................................................................555.4热交换器...................................................................................................565.5管件的选择...............................................................................................585.6密封装置...................................................................................................595.7液压控制阀的选择....................................................................................605.7.1液压阀的原理与分类............................................................................605.7.2液压阀的参数与要求............................................................................605.7.3液压阀的选择........................................................................................615.8联轴器的选择...........................................................................................615.9液压油的选用及维护...............................................................................616液压泵站的结构设计.......................................................................................636.1泵站安装联接形式...................................................................................646.2液压泵站的安装调试、使用维护与故障诊断.......................................656.2.1液压泵站的安装...................................................................................656.2.2液压泵站的调试...................................................................................666.2.3其它辅件的安装要求...........................................................................67中国矿业大学2008届本科生毕业设计第3页6.2.4液压泵站的使用与维护.......................................................................686.2.5液压泵站的故障诊断...........................................................................71结论.......................................................................................................................73参考文献...............................................................................................................74致谢.......................................................................................................................84摘要目前国内矿井装载装置都是采用气压传动方式，虽然气压传动方式具有响应快、方便等优点，但普遍存在可靠性差等问题，具体反映在以下几个方面1使用集中气源，管路长，压力损失及泄漏量大2压力低，气动执行元件气缸结构尺寸大，不易布置3水份分离不净，冬季易产生管路冻结4定位精度低，动作稳定性差，传动冲击大，使设备寿命降低5噪声污染大。装载装置是矿井运输环节中一个主要的组成部分，随着矿井生产能力的不断提高，对矿井装载装置的工作能力和可靠性都提出了更高的要求，采用气压传动方式已远远不能满足其生产要求。高产、高效矿井对装载系统的工作能力和可靠性具体要求体现在以下几方面1装载量大、速度快，以满足高产、高效矿井生产要求2装载闸门、箕斗箱和溜嘴应定位精确3发生停电事故时，闸门、溜嘴应回到初始位置，以便箕斗通过。4工作冲击小，设备寿命长，工作安全可靠。针对上述要求及气动式装载装置存在的问题，本文介绍了一种采用PLC的电液控制方案，根据系统的工作原理，这种控制方式能使装载装置满足现代化高效、高产矿井的生产需要。关键词矿井装载装置液压系统电控中国矿业大学2008届本科生毕业设计第4页ABSTRACTCurrentlymineloadingdevicesareusedpneumaticdrive,althoughthepressuredrivemodewithfastresponse,convenientadvantages,buttheprevailingpoorreliabilityproblems,whicharereflectedinthefollowingaspects1theuseofconcentratednaturalgasresources,pipelinelength,pressurelossandleakageofalargequantity2lowpressure,Pneumaticcomponentscylinderstructuresize,whichisdifficultlayout3waterseparationisnotthenet.Wintereasilyfrozenpipes4lowprecisionpositioning,movementspoorstability,transmissionshocks,sothattheequipmentreducedlifeexpectancy5noisepollution.Mineloadingdeviceisthetransportlinkamajorcomponentoftheminewithproductioncapacitycontinuestoimprove,Mineloadingofthedevicesabilityandreliability,havesethigherrequirementsusingpneumaticdrivemodehasnotfartomeettheirproductionrequirements.Highyield,Minerightefficientloadingsystemthecapabilityandreliabilityofthespecificrequirementsinthefollowingareas1loading,fast,andtomeetthehighyield,highefficiencycoalproduction2loadinggate,skipboxesandwanderingmouthshouldbeaccuratepositioning3anoutageoccurs,thedoors,wanderingmouthshouldreturntotheinitialposition,inordertoskipthrough.4theimpactofsmall,equipmentlongevity,safeandreliable.Inresponsetotheserequestsandpneumaticloadingdevicesexist,ThepaperintroducesaPLCusingtheelectrohydrauliccontrolprograms,accordingtotheprinciple,Thiscontrolenablesloadingdevicetomeetmodernefficient,highyieldmineproductionneeds.Keywordsmineloadingdevicehydraulicsystem