[学士]某省市开发区大型污水处理厂毕业设计1.doc

目录某省市开发区大型污水处理厂设计·······································································I1绪论·············································································································11.1设计背景·······························································································11.2设计题目·······························································································11.3设计原则·······························································································11.4设计内容·······························································································11.5设计依据·······························································································11.6设计原资料···························································································21.7设计规模·······························································································21.7.1设计污水水质················································································21.7.2污水处理精度计算··········································································32污水处理设计································································································32.1目前污水处理方法的介绍········································································32.2污水处理方案及工艺流程········································································52.2.1A2/O法处理工艺·············································································52.2.2氧化沟处理工艺·············································································62.2.3两种工艺经过比较··········································································62.3污泥处理方案的确定···············································································62.3.1污泥浓缩·······················································································72.2.2污泥干化与脱水·············································································73污水处理构筑物设计计算················································································73.1泵前中格栅···························································································73.1.1设计参数·······················································································73.1.2设计计算·······················································································73.2污水提升泵房························································································83.2.1设计参数·······················································································83.2.2泵房设计计算·················································································83.3泵后细格栅···························································································93.3.1设计参数·······················································································93.3.2设计计算·······················································································93.4钟式沉砂池···························································································93.4.1设计参数·······················································································93.4.2设计计算·····················································································103.5Carrousel氧化沟···················································································103.5.1设计参数·····················································································103.5.2设计计算·····················································································103.6二沉池································································································123.6.1设计参数·····················································································133.6.2池体设计·····················································································133.7接触消毒池与加氯间·············································································143.7.1设计参数·····················································································143.7.2设计计算·····················································································144污泥处理构筑物设计计算··············································································154.1污泥浓缩池·························································································154.1.1设计参数·····················································································154.1.2设计计算·····················································································154.2污泥泵房·····························································································164.2.1污泥回流泵房··············································································164.2.2剩余污泥泵房··············································································164.3污泥脱水机房······················································································164.3.1设计依据·····················································································164.3.2设备选用·····················································································165污水厂总体布置···························································································165.1平面布置及总平面图·············································································175.1.1平面布置的一般原则·····································································175.1.2污水厂平面布置的具体内容···························································175.2污水厂的高程布置················································································175.2.1污水处理厂高程布置应考虑事项·····················································175.2.2高程计算·····················································································186结论············································································································20参考文献········································································································20致谢·············································································································21I某省市开发区大型污水处理厂设计学生：贾秀娟专业：环境工程指导教师：焉莉摘要：随着经济的不断发展，城市规模的扩大，水环境污染的问题日渐突出。水环境的污染影响人类的身体健康，制约了经济建设的进一步发展。因此近年来我国兴建了大量的污水处理厂，对于消除水体污染，改善环境起到了积极作用。A市污水处理厂设计污水日处理能力为，属于大型污水处理厂。本设计采用Carrousel氧化沟法处理城市污水，其特点是工艺流程简单，构筑物少；处理效果稳定，出水水质好；污泥产生量少，污泥的性质稳定。设计中对污水处理工艺和污泥处理方案进行了选择论证；对污水、污泥处理构筑物进行了工艺设计计算；对废水处理厂进行了平面、高程布置，并绘制了平面布置图、高程图。关键词：城市污水；氧化沟法；污水处理ThecitysewagetreatmentplantinACityName：JiaXiujuanMajor：environmentalengineeringTutor：YanLiAbstract:Withtheeconomydevelopmentandexpandingofcities,theproblemofwaterpollutionincreasedobviously.Thepollutionofwaterenvironmentaffectsthehumanhealthandhampersthefurtherdevelopmentofeconomicconstruction.Soinrecentyearsourcountryconstructsalargenumberofsewagetreatmentplants.Ithasplayedapositiveroleforeliminatingthewaterpollutionandimprovingtheenvironment.ThedesigneddailyfreatmentofthecitysewagetreatmentplantdesignedinACityis250,000m3,whichbelongstobig-sizedsewagetreatmentplant.Thisdesignusescarrouseloxidationditchtotreaturbansewage.Thecharactersarefollouing：simpleprocess,lessstructures；stableeffect,goodwaterquality；lesssludge,stablesludge.Inthedesign,wedemonstratethewastewatertreatmenttechnologyandsludgetreatmentantselectively；madeatechnologydesignofsludgetreatmentstructures；layouttheplaneandelevationofthewastewatertreatmentplant；drawthelayoutmap,elevationmap.Keywords:Municipalwastewater；Oxidationditch；Sewagetreatment11绪论1.1设计背景某大城市A市开发区规划以发展工业为主，引导工业项目向开发区聚集，将开发区建设成为高档包装材料、生物医药化工、电子电容等一批特色产品生产基地，并规划建设居民居住区，引导镇区居民向新居住区分流，改造老城区。开发区污水处理厂的建设对改善开发区内投资环境、降低企业生产成本创造了有利条件，对净化城市环境，合理利用水资源有着重要的意义。1.2设计题目某省市开发区大型污水处理厂设计1.3设计原则1.认真贯彻执行环境保护法和水污染防治法，坚持经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展的原则，开展以城市为中心的环境综合治理，认真实现经济效益、社会效益、环境效益的统一。在这些基本指导思想的指导下，进行排水工程的规划与设计。2.排水工程的规划设计必须遵守“全面规划、合理布局、综合利用、化害为利、依靠群众、大家动手、保护环境、造福人民”的环保总方针。这是我们环保工作者的主要指导思想。3.排水工程的规划应符合区域规划及城市和工业企业的总规划，并与城市和工业企业中其它单项工程密切配合，处理好排水系统与区域排水系统关系问题，使之相互协调。4.排水工程的设计应全面考虑，按近期设计考虑远期发展，有扩建的可能性，并应根据使用要求和技术经济的合理性等因素对进期工程做出分期建设的安排。5.在设计和规划排水工程时，必须认真贯彻执行有关部门制定的现行有关标准规范或规定。1.4设计内容根据A市开发区污水处理规划和设计资料进行该开发区的污水处理厂设计，具体内容有：1.污水处理构筑物设计污水处理工艺选择与论证，已定污水处理工艺的设计包括各部分单位构筑物工艺施工图设计，及运行管理规则。2.污泥处理构筑物设计污泥处理工艺设计，含各部分单位构筑物工艺施工图设计。1.5设计依据本设计采用的主要规范及标准：室外排水设计规范（GB50014-2006）2城市污水再生利用工业水水质（GB/T19923-2005）城镇污水处理厂污染污排放标准（GB18918-2002）城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质（GB/T18920-2002）给水排水设计手册第五期城镇排水（第二版）1.6设计原资料该市属中温带大陆性季风气候，其开发区区内地势平坦，交通便利，通讯发达。1.7设计规模处理规模250000m3/d，总变化系数Kz=1.4，其中回用30000m3/d。1.7.1设计污水水质根据原可研报告提供的水质分析数据，A市开发区污水处理厂的设计水质见表1-1。表1-1A市开发区污水处理厂进水水质Table1-1Water-enteringwaterqualityofAcitydevelopmentzonesewagetreatmentfactoryPHCODCr（mg/L）BOD5（mg/L）SS（mg/L）TN（mg/L）NH3-N（mg/L）TP（mg/L）8.570030020050455.5根据环保要求，城市污水处理厂出水水质应达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准（GB18918-2002）一级标准中的A类标准，主要水质指标见表1-2。表1-2A市开发区污水处理厂出水水质要求Table1-2TheproducewaterqualityofAcitydevelopmentzonesewagetreatmentfactoryPHCODCr（mg/L）BOD5（mg/L）SS（mg/L）TN（mg/L）NH3-N（mg/L）TP（mg/L）69501010155（8）0.5根据环保要求，回用水水质执行城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质（GB/T18920-2002）和城市污水再生利用工业用水水质（GB/T18823-2005）标准，要求回用水水质指标达到表1-3。表1-3A市开发区污水处理厂回用水水质要求Table1-3ThereturntousewatersqualitytodemandtimeofAcitydevelopmentzonesewagetreatmentfactory水质参数水质标准水质参数水质标准3pH6.5-9.0Cl250mg/LSS30mg/L总硬度450mg/L浊度5NTU总碱度350mg/LBOD510mg/LNH3-N0mg/LCODCr60mg/LTP1mg/L色度30倍溶解性总固体1000ml/L嗅无不快感末端游离余氯0.1-0.2mg/L阴离子表面活性剂0.5mg/L总余氯接触时间30min后1.0mg/L，管网末端0.2mg/L溶解氧1.0mg/L总大肠杆菌3个/L铁0.3mg/L可溶物2000mg/L锰0.1mg/LSO42600mg/L1.7.2污水处理精度计算根据A市开发区污水处理厂的进水水质和出水水质计算出污水处理精度见表1-4。表1-4A市开发区污水处理厂污水处理精度Table1-4AcitydevelopmentzonesewagetreatmentfactorysewagetreatmentaccuracyCODCrBOD5SSTNNH3-NTP92.86%96.67%95%70%88.89%90.91%2污水处理设计2.1目前污水处理方法的介绍城市污水中主要污染物质为易生物降解的有机污染物，因此常采用二级生物处理的方法来进行处理。二级生物处理的方法很多，主要分两类：一类是活性污泥法，主要包括传统活性污泥法、延时活性污泥法（氧化沟）、AB工艺、A/O工艺、A2/O工艺、SBR工艺等。另一类是生物膜法，主要包括生物滤池、生物转盘、生物接触氧化法等工艺。1.活性污泥法活性污泥法是当前使用比较普遍并且有比较实际的参考数据。在该工艺中微生物在处理单元内以悬浮状态存在，因此与污水充分混合接触，不会产生阻塞，对进水有机物浓度的适应范围较大，一般认为BOD5在150400mg/L之间时，都具有良好的处理效果。进入90年代以来，随着城市建设以及工业的不断发展，城市污水处理产业也得到了迅速的发展，由于水体富营养化的加剧，从而各种具有除磷、脱氮功能的污水处理工艺：如A/O工艺、A2/O工艺、SBR工艺、氧化沟等污水处理工艺得到了深入的研究、4开发和广泛的应用，成为当今污水处理工艺的主流。AB法(Adsorption-Biooxidation)该工艺对曝气池按高、低负荷分二级供氧，A级负荷高，曝气时间短，产生污泥量大，污泥负荷2.5kgBOD/(kgMLSSd)以上，池容积负荷6kgBOD/(m3d)以上；B级负荷低，污泥龄较长。A级与B级间设中间沉淀池。二级池子F/M(污染物量与微生物量之比)不同，形成不同的微生物群体。AB法尽管有节能的优点，但不适合低浓度水质。SBR法(SequencingBatchReactor)SBR法集进水、曝气、沉淀、出水在一座池子中完成，常由四个或三个池子构成一组，轮流运转，一池一池地间歇运行，故称序批式活性污泥法。现在又开发出一些连续进水连续出水的改良性SBR工艺，如ICEAS法、CASS法、IDEA法等。这种一体化工艺的特点是工艺简单，由于只有一个反应池，不需二沉池、回流污泥及设备，一般情况下不设调节池，多数情况下可省去初沉池，所以节省占地和投资，耐冲击负荷且运行方式灵活，可以从时间上安排曝气、缺氧和厌氧的不同状态，实现除磷脱氮的目的。但因每个池子都需要设曝气和输配水系统，采用滗水器及控制系统，间歇排水水头损失大，池容的利用率不理想，因此，一般来说并不太适用于大规模的城市污水处理厂。A2/O法(Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic)由于对城市污水处理的出水有去除氮和磷的要求，故国内10年前开发此厌氧缺氧好氧组成的工艺。利用生物处理法脱氮除磷，可获得优质出水，是一种深度二级处理工艺。A2/O法的可同步除磷脱氮机制由两部分组成：一是除磷，污水中的磷在厌氧状态下(DO<0.3mg/L)，释放出聚磷菌，在好氧状况下又将其更多吸收，以剩余污泥的形式排出系统。二是脱氮，缺氧段要控制DO<0.7mg/L，由于兼氧脱氮菌的作用，利用水中BOD作为氢供给体(有机碳源)，将来自好氧池混合液中的硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐还原成氮气逸入大气，达到脱氮的目的。若以去除磷、BOD5和COD为主，则可用A/O工艺。氧化沟法氧化沟一般不设初沉池，负荷低，耐冲击，污泥少，建设费用及电耗视采用的沟型而变。因此法构造简单，易于管理，很快得到推广，其在应用中发展为多种形式，比较有代表性的有：奥贝尔（Orbal）氧化沟，应用上多为椭圆形的三环道组成，三个环道用不同的DO，有利于脱氮除磷。采用转碟曝气，水深一般在4.04.5m，动力效率与转刷接近。卡鲁赛尔（Carrousel）氧化沟，采用倒伞形叶轮曝气，从工艺运行来看，水深一般在3.0m左右，但污泥易于沉积，其原因是供氧与流速有矛盾。T型氧化沟又称三沟式氧化沟，是以三条相互联系的氧化沟作为一个整体，每条沟都装有曝气和推动循环的转刷，中间作曝气池，左右两池兼作沉淀池和曝气池。T型氧化沟构造简单，处理效果不错，但其采用转刷曝气，水深浅，占地面积大，复杂的控制仪表增加了运行管理的难度1。