毕业设计（论文）-PLC 电梯的电气控制系统设计.doc

审定成绩：成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业设计（论文）设计（论文）题目：电梯的电气控制系统系部名称：机电工程系学生姓名：专业机电一体化技术班级：学号：指导教师：答辩组负责人：填表时间：2011年04月I摘要本文介绍一种电梯PLC控制系统。电梯是垂直方向的运输设备，是高层建筑中不可缺少的交通运输设备。它靠电力，拖动一个可以载人或物的轿厢，在建筑的井道内导轨上做垂直升降运动，在人们生活中起着举足轻重的作用。而控制电梯运行的PLC系统也要求越来越高，要求达到电梯运行的“稳、准、快”的运行目的。该系统主要由PLC、逻辑控制电路组成。其中包括交流异步电动机、继电器、接触器、行程开关、按钮、发光指示器组成为一体的控制系统。本机控制单元采用以三菱公司的可编程控制器PLC对机器进行全过程控制。整个系统通过PLC、逻辑控制电路对电梯的升降；加、减速；平层；起动、制动控制。其结构简单、运行效率高、平层精度高、易于理解与掌握。关键词：PLC、电梯、控制系统、程序设计IIAbstractThispaperintroducesakindofelevatorPLCcontrolsystem.Theelevatorisverticaldirectiontransportationequipment,isindispensablehigh-risebuildingthetransportationequipment.Itdependonelectricity,dragamannedorcontentoftheelevatorcar,theWellsinbuildingwithinthetaodoverticalliftingmovementrailsinpeopleslife,playsapivotalrole.AndthecontrolofelevatoroperationofthePLCsystemalsodemandishigherandhigher,therequirementsof"elevatorrunningstability,accurate,fast"operationpurpose.ThissystemmainlybyPLC,logiccontrolcircuitcomponent.Includingacasynchronousmotor,relays,contactor,travelswitch,button,luminousindicatorcompositionfortheintegrationofthecontrolsystem.ThismachinecontrolunitadoptmitsubishiprogrammablecontrollerPLCcontrolprocessofthemachine.ThewholesystemthroughPLC,logiccontrolcircuitofelevatorfluctuation；Plus,deceleration；Smoothlayer；Starting,brakingcontrol.Itssimplestructure,highefficiency,highprecisionandsmoothlayeriseasytounderstandandmaster.Keywords:PLC,elevator,controlsystem,programdesign目录摘要······································································································IAbstract································································································II目录····································································································III绪论······································································································1第1章电梯简介·····················································································21.1电梯的现状及定义·······································································21.2电梯的发展趋势··········································································21.2.1电梯品种的变化·································································21.2.2电梯的智能化·····································································21.2.3绿色电梯···········································································31.3电梯的分类·················································································31.3.1按用途分类········································································31.3.2按速度分类········································································3第2章总体设计方案··············································································62.1总体方案的确定··········································································62.2电梯PLC控制系统的构建·····························································72.3可行性论证·················································································92.3.1乘坐舒适感······································································102.3.2电梯理想运行曲线····························································102.4设计的整体布局及其选型···························································11第3章电梯的电气控制系统···································································123.1概述························································································123.2电梯电气控制系统中的主要电器部件···········································123.3电梯控制系统中的各主要控制环节及结构原理·······························183.3.1各类电梯安全可靠运行的充分与必要条件····························183.3.2交流双速拖动主回路·························································193.3.3自动开关门电动机回路与安全回路······································203.4电梯的安全保护环节··································································22第4章程序设计方案············································································254.1PLC电梯系统连接图···································································254.2PLCi/o点的分配······································································254.3电梯开关门运行回路··································································264.4电梯的指层控制回路··································································274.5电梯的选层、定向回路·······························································294.6电梯选层换速回路·····································································324.7电梯的轿内指令与厅外召唤的登记和消号·····································334.8电梯的运行控制回路··································································374.10电梯控制系统的调试运行··························································39结论····································································································40致谢····································································································41参考文献······························································································42附录AI/O分配表···············································································43附录B内部辅助继电器使用分配表························································44成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文第1页绪论随着城市建设的不断发展，高层建筑不断增多，电梯在国民经济和生活中有着广泛的应用。电梯作为高层建筑中垂直运行的交通工具已与人们的日常生活密不可分。实际上电梯是根据外部呼叫信号以及自身控制规律等运行的，而呼叫是随机的，电梯实际上是一个人机交互式的控制系统，单纯用顺序控制或逻辑控制是不能满足控制要求的，因此，电梯控制系统采用随机逻辑方式控制。目前电梯的控制普遍采用了两种方式，一是采用微机作为信号控制单元，完成电梯信号的采集、运行状态和功能的设定，实现电梯的自动调度和集选运行功能，拖动控制则由变频器来完成；第二种控制方式用可编程控制器（PLC）取代微机实现信号集选控制。从控制方式和性能上来说，这两种方法并没有太大的区别。国内厂家大多选择第二种方式，其原因在于生产规模较小，自己设计和制造微机控制装置成本较高；而PLC可靠性高，程序设计方便灵活，抗干扰能力强、运行稳定可靠等特点，所以现在的电梯控制系统广泛采用可编程控制器来实现。电梯是将机械原理应用、电气技术、微处理器技术、系统工程学、人体工程学及空气动力学等多学科和技术集于一体的机电设备，它是建筑物中的永久性垂直交通工具。为满足和提高人们的生活质量，电梯的智能化、自动化技术迅速发展。特别是随着计算机网络技术、微电子和电力电子技术的飞速发展，现代电梯的技术含量日益提高。在改善电梯性能的同时，对电梯的设计、管理和维护人员提出了更高的要求。成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文第2页第1章电梯简介1.1电梯的现状及定义随着现代化城市的高速发展，为建筑物提供上下交通运输的电梯工业也迅速发展起来。已经成为日常生活中不可缺少的必需品。广泛的应用于高层住宅、大型公共建筑、工厂仓库、医院等场所，节省了人力和时间，提高了工作效率。震惊世界的“9.11”事件使得世界闻名的美国纽约世界贸易中心大楼毁于一旦。这幢宏伟的大厦高410m，共110层，是世界最高的建筑之一。在建筑物满员时，每天要输送5万人员上下班和8万来访和旅游的人员。如何每天高速有效地运送13万人，是一个关键的问题。该大厦配置了208台电梯和49台扶梯。其中，第44层和第78层是休息厅，乘客在该处中转。通过电梯的合理配置，乘客在5分钟内可以到达大厦的任何位置。电梯服务于规定楼层的固定式升降设备。它具有一个轿厢，用电力拖动运行于铅垂的或倾斜不大于15°的两列刚性导轨之间，运送乘客或货物。自动扶梯带有循环运行梯级，用于向上或向下倾斜输送乘客的固定电力驱动设备。自动人行道带有循环运行（板式或带式）走道，用于水平或倾斜角不大于12°输送乘客的固定电力驱动设备。由此可见，自动扶梯和自动人行道是电梯家族的一个分支或近亲，但是不同于电梯。1.2电梯的发展趋势1.2.1电梯品种的变化电梯的品种要随着建筑物需求二变化，电梯制造商提供电梯的品种越多，起市场占有量也一定月大。随着高层建筑的增多，就需要高速、大容量的电梯。目前，开发多层及小高层大楼配置的廉价、实用可靠的经济住宅电梯是一个必然趋势。城市老年龄化的加剧，亦成为今后几年电梯行业的一个热门话题。1.2.2电梯的智能化