采矿毕业设计指导书.doc

I目录第1章矿（井）田地质概况.11.1矿（井）田位置及交通·························································11.1.1交通位置.11.1.2地形地貌.11.1.3气象及水文情况.11.1.4矿区概况.11.2矿（井）田地层及地质构造··················································21.3矿体赋存特征及开采技术条件···············································31.3.1煤层及煤质.31.3.2瓦斯赋存状况、煤尘爆炸危险性、煤的自燃性及地温情况.41.3.3水文地质.41.4矿（井）田勘探类型及勘探程度评价·····································5第2章井田开拓.72.1矿井设计生产能力及服务年限···············································72.1.2矿井设计生产能力.72.1.3矿井设计服务年限.72.1.4矿井储量、设计生产能力和服务年限的关系.82.2矿（井）田境界及储量·······················································92.2.1井田境界·······································································92.2.2资源/储量······································································92.3井田开拓············································································122.3.1工业场地及井口位置选择················································122.3.2井筒形式的确定····························································132.3.3井筒数目的确定····························································162.3.4井田内划分及开采顺序···················································162.3.5开采水平的划分及水平标高确定·····································192.3.6阶段运输大巷和回风大巷的布置·····································202.4井筒·················································································262.4.1井筒断面设计·······························································262.4.2井筒参数确定·······························································262.5井底车场···········································································26II2.5.1井底车场形式选择及硐室布置.262.5.2井底车场线路设计.282.5.3井底车场通过能力计算.282.5.4井底车场巷道断面选择和工程量计算.292.6方案比较、确定开拓系统····················································292.6.1设计任务.292.6.2要求.302.6.3注意问题.30第3章大巷运输及设备.313.1大巷运输方式选择·······························································313.1.1大巷煤炭运输方式选择.313.1.2大巷辅助运输方式选择.323.2矿车··················································································323.2.1矿井车辆配备.323.2.2井巷铺轨.323.3运输设备选型·····································································333.3.1电机车选型.333.3.2带式输送机选型.33第4章采区布置及装备.334.1采区布置···········································································334.2采区的划分········································································344.3采矿（煤）方法·································································354.4采区巷道布置····································································384.5巷道掘进与掘进机械化························································394.6工作面设备确定·································································404.7劳动组织···········································································404.8技术经济指标分析······························································41第5章通风与安全.445.1拟定矿井通风系统······························································455.2矿井通风容易与困难时期的通风阻力计算······························455.3计算矿井总风量··································································465.4矿井通风设备的选型···························································47III5.5计算矿井通风等积孔···························································485.6概算矿井通风费用······························································485.7预防瓦斯、火、矿尘、水和顶板···········································49等事故的安全技术措施·····························································49第6章矿井提升、运输、排水、压缩空气设备选型.546.1矿井提升设备选型······························································546.2主运输设备选型·································································566.3矿井排水设备选型······························································576.4压缩空气设备选型······························································59第7章环境保护.597.1环境现状及地面保护物概述··················································597.2主要污染源及污染物····························································607.3资源开发对生态环境影响与评价············································607.3.1开采沉陷损害影响预测分析.607.3.2开采沉陷对耕地损害的预计评价.627.3.3开采对建（构）筑物的损害.627.3.4开采对水资源的破坏影响.627.3.5开采对矿区大气环境的影响.637.3.6开采可能引起的地质灾害的预测.637.4资源开采环境损害的控制与生态重建·····································637.4.1控制开采引起地表建筑设施的开采方法.637.4.2开采引起环境损害的控制方法与土地复垦及生态重建.637.4.3开采引起水资源的损害的控制方法.637.4.4矿区资源开采引起大气污染的措施与方法.647.5矿区环境保护与生态重建投资估算········································647.6主要结论············································································65第8章建井工期.658.1移交标准···········································································658.2井巷工程量········································································658.3建井工期···········································································678.3.1井巷掘进指标.678.3.2井巷工程排队.67IV8.3.3建井工期.67第9章矿井技术经济.749.1劳动定员及劳动生产率························································749.1.1劳动定员.749.1.2劳动生产率.749.2建井投资···········································································769.2.1投资概算.769.2.2项目建设的资金筹措与使用计划.769.3成本及销售收入·································································779.3.1吨煤生产成本估算.779.3.2原煤成本.779.3.3销售收入.779.4技术经济分析与评价···························································779.4.1概述.779.4.2资金来源及贷款利率.779.4.3建设工期及逐年投资分配.779.4.4生产成本及销售收入.779.4.5税金和利润.779.4.6企业经济效益分析.789.5矿井主要技术经济指标························································79V编写说明毕业设计是采矿工程专业培养计划中最后一个，也是最关键、最重要的一个教学环节，是教学时间最长（1416周），参与教师最多，学生独立学习量最大，教育任务最重的一个实践性教学环节。毕业设计的效果直接影响培养目标的实现和学生就业后在专业上的发展。毕业设计指导书是帮助学生顺利完成毕业设计的一个教学文件，编写依据是“培养方案”和毕业设计大纲。本书是按照最新修订的“培养方案（2007版）”和毕业设计大纲（2009版）进行编写的。本书的特点是：（1）真正体现了专业的宽口径：增加了金属矿山开采设计的内容；（2）充分体现了加强能力培养和素质教育的教育思想：本书从实战出发对设计题目、内容和深度提出了明确要求和进行了严格规定，图纸和说明书更加规范，设计更具实用性；（3）充分体现了采矿专业的发展方向：加强了矿山开采损害与环境保护的内容，对矿山工程经济部分要求更深入；（4）更加注重学生的兴趣和爱好，有利于学生发挥：设计内容分必做和选做两部分，选做部分学生可根据自己的兴趣和爱好进行选择。本书内容共9章，由负责起草编写提纲，和审稿。各章编写分工如下：第1章矿（井）田地质概况第2章井田开拓第3章大巷运输及设备第4章采区布置及装备第5章通风与安全第6章提升、通风、排水和压缩空气设备第7章环境保护第8章建井工期第9章技术经济赵兵朝承担了统稿和全书排版工作。由于时间所限，书中难免有错误或疏漏，请指正，以便再次修订时完善。编者2010年2月1第1章矿（井）田地质概况本章是矿山开采设计的基础内容，其内容将作为以后各章设计的主要依据。正确编写本章的内容，将为以后各章的设计打下一个良好的基础。编写本章内容，学生应收集并熟悉实习矿井的地质资料，主要参考所在矿井的井田精查地质报告，掌握以下内容：1、矿区地质概况；2、矿（煤）层的层数、厚度、倾角及其变化情况；3、矿（煤）层地质构造及煤质；4、矿井地层矿（煤）层围岩；5、水文地质与地面条件；6、矿井储量及境界。编写本章内容要求做到：1.实事求是，客观真实。2.简明精确。3.全面详尽。对本章内容，不仅应熟悉，对重点内容还应熟记。1.1矿（井）田位置及交通1.1.1交通位置说明矿区、矿井所在的行政区域及隶属关系；地理位置以及铁路、公路或航运的交通情况；附近大城市和主要车站的距离。附交通位置图（插图）。1.1.2地形地貌描述矿区，主要是井田内地形、地貌、高山河流及有否重要建筑物和名胜古迹、城镇村庄等分布情况，以及对开采的影响。对开采的影响应重点考虑：1.是否会影响工业场地和井口位置的选择。2.是否需要留设保护煤柱。1.1.3气象及水文情况气象主要描述矿区气候性质及气温变化，雨季时间，年平均及最大降雨量，年蒸发量，最大冻结深度，平均积雪厚度，风向，风速等。水文主要描述矿区河流、湖泊、沼泽的分布及范围，河流的流量、流速、水深及最高洪水位等。1.1.4矿区概况1.矿区开发情况矿区开始开发时间，目前生产矿井分布情况及开发规模，老窑分布情况等。2.矿区经济情况2工农业生产情况，包括主要工农业产品的品种、生产规模及在当地经济发展中的地位和对资源开发的依赖和影响。3.矿井建设和生产所需主要材料的来源。4.水源、电源及劳动力来源。5.矿藏市场供需情况。1.2矿（井）田地层及地质构造1.2.1地层按照由老到新的沉积顺序分别叙述矿区或井田内地层，简述地质年代、地层层序及岩石特征，沉积厚度、含水层及其位置；重点叙述煤系地层。叙述内容包括：地层年代、岩性及特征、地层厚度；对煤系地层还应说明含煤层数，各煤层厚度及煤层间距离等；对可采煤层，应描述夹矸情况、夹矸岩性、厚度及位置等，并详细地描述顶底板岩层特征，包括节理发育程度以及主要力学指标等。1.2.2构造详细描述影响本井田划分及开采的主要构造。1.断裂构造按顺序描述各断层情况，包括断层编号或名称、性质、断层面倾向、倾角、断层延展方向和长度、落差和水平断距等。2.褶皱构造按顺序描述各褶曲情况，包括褶曲编号或名称、性质、褶曲轴线面延展方向和长度、倾角以及两翼地层的倾向、倾角等。3.陷落柱按顺序描述各陷落柱情况，包括陷落柱编号或名称、范围、涉及的地层范围、煤层陷落深度及对煤质的影响等。4.岩浆岩侵入描述岩浆岩侵入范围及对煤质、开采的影响。5.剥蚀描述剥蚀的性质、剥蚀范围、剥蚀对煤质及开采的影响。编写本节内容时，应尽量用图表说明问题，必要时配以文字说明，文字说明应力求简明扼要。矿田地层可参考表1-2-1，断层特征填入表1-2-2。