基于CCD的弹簧管刚度测量装置设计论文[带图纸].doc

哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）-I-摘要在航天、航海、航空领域常用的控制器件电液伺服阀和导向器件挠性陀螺中广泛地使用精密弹性元件作为力敏单元获得反馈信号。这些弹性元件的刚度参数对相对应的控制器件、导航器件的性能影响很大。随着制造技术水平的提高以及航空航天技术的不断发展，对精密弹性元件的加工精度和加工效率提出了更高的要求，所以研究以弹簧管为代表的该弹性元件的刚度精密测量技术对增强国防实力有着重要意义。本文首先综述了国内外弹簧管刚度测量技术的发展概况，并对国内弹簧管刚度测量技术的研究现状和存在的问题进行了比较全面的总结。为了展开对弹簧管刚度测量技术的基础性研究，本文根据弹簧管的设计指标成功地研制了能够实现自动加载、多点测量，并可自动地输出刚度曲线的刚度测量系统。为了提高测量系统测量的精度，在测量系统的实验数据处理中提出了一种基于灰色系统理论的粗大误差判别法。其次，为了解决新型号大刚度值弹簧管刚度测量中重复测量精度差的问题，从测量系统的测量原理入手，在分析测量系统中误差源的基础上，重点研究了测量系统中各环节的弯曲变形以及环节间的接触变形对测量精度的影响，基于齐次坐标变换和矢量链法建立了弹簧管的变形与传感器实测变形之间的关系，并建立了误差补偿模型。考虑接触表面形貌建立了接触力学模型和协调接触方程，并用数值法求解接触参数。最后，本文对弹簧管刚度测量作了大量的实验研究。结果表明：接触变形对测量精度的影响最大，台板的弯曲变形的影响在其次，而其余环节的弯曲变形的影响则很小。另外，实验还表明，随着弹簧管刚度值的增大，变形对测量结果的影响程度随之增大。在对两种不同测量方法的比对实验中发现，对于大刚度值弹簧管，使用新方法会获得较高的重复测量精度，而对小刚度弹簧管的影响不大。本文通过对不同试件有针对性地选择测量方法，提高了测量效率和重复测量精度，为该类弹性元件的批量生产奠定了基础。关键词弹簧管；刚度；精密测量；误差补偿；接触变形哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）-II-AbstractPreciseelasticpartsarewidelyusedassensitivepartstogainfeedbacksignalsinthecontrollinginstrumentsuchaselectro-hydraulicservovalveorthenavigationsystemsuchasflexiblenessgyrointhefieldofastronavigation,navigationandaviation.Theirstiffnessparametersdirectlycorrelatedwiththeperformancesofcorrespondingsystem.Therefore,notonlyhavearatherhighstandardbeensetfordimensionalprecisionandgeometricalprecisionofthem,butalsocertaindemandsaremadeagainsttheirsstiffnesscharacteristic.Duetotheircomplicatedgeometry,alongwithmachiningerrorsandchangesofmaterialscharacteristic,itisimpossibletogaintheaccuratevaluesofthestiffnessbycalculation.So,measurementistheonlywaytoassurethestiffnessrequirementinproduction.Atpresent,astheproductionlevelisadvancedwiththetechnologyofastronavigationandcontinuousdevelopmentofaviation,higheraccuracyandefficiencyinmeasurementaredemandedtomeetthem.Therefore,studiesonthestiffnessmeasuringofspringtubes,typicalplasticparts,isofgreatimportanceinenhancingstrengthofnationaldefense.Thisdissertationfirstlysummarizesthedevelopmentofstiffness-measuringinstrumentforspringtubes,andsumsupthecurrentresearchstatusandproblemsinthestiffnessmeasurement.Inordertoexpandthetheoryresearchonit,onestiffness-measuringsystemisdevelopedsuccessfullyaccordingtothedesignindexofthespringtubes,whichcanautomaticallyloadandoutputstiffnesscurvebymuti-pointsmeasurement.ThenonenewmethodfordeletinggrosserrorbasedonGreySystemTheoryisproposedinexperimentdataprocessingtoimprovethemeasuringaccuracy.TechnologyofdataaccumulationinGSTisusedtoweakentherandomnessofmeasureddataandenhancethetrenditemtofindoutthedataregularity.Experimentsprovethattheproposedmethodisespeciallyeffective哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）-III-whenthetestingdataarefewornostatisticallaws.Secondly,inordertoresearchonthepooraccuracyinstiffnessmeasurementofthestifferspringtubes,measuringprincipleispresentedanderrorsourcesinthemeasuringsystemareanalyzed.Inthemeasuringdevice,bendingdeformationofallpartsandcontactdeformationbetweenpartsjoinedtogetherarekeyfactorsaffectedthemeasuringaccuracy.Sorelationbetweenthetheoreticaldeformationofthetubesandthedetectingdeformationissetupbasedonhomogeneouscoordinatetransformationandvectorchainmethod.Onemodelforerrorscompensationisobtainedforimprovingmeasuringaccuracy.Contactdeformationbetweenthemeasuringrodandtubeisthemostcriticalfactoraffectingthemeasurementaccuracy.So,onecontactmodelandcorrespondingconformalcontactequationaresetupbyconsideringthesurfaceroughnessandthecontactcharacteristic.Numericalmethodisadoptedtosolvethecontactmodel.Thirdly,onenewmethodisproposedtomeasurethestiffnessofthestifferspringtubes,inwhichspecialclamparedesignedforthedirectlymeasuringoftheangulardeformationofthespringtubes.Inthenewmeasuringdevice,thebendingdeformationandcontactdeformationoccurredbeforecanbeavoidedandtherepeatabilityaccuracycanbeimprovedevidently,whichisprovedbyerroranalysisfornewdeviceandexperiments.Finally，lotsofexperimentalstudiesonstiffnessmeasurementofspringtubesarecarriedout.Theresultsshowthatcontactdeformationaffectsthemeasuringaccuracyseriously,thebendingdeformationofthefoundationplateisthesecondfactorandotherdeformationcanbeignored.Ontheotherhand,theexperimentalresultsarealsoshowthatasthevaluesincreaseerrorscausedbydeformationwillwicked.Bytheexperimentsofcomparisonoftwomeasuringmethod,oneconclusioncanbedrawn,whichisthatforstifferspringtubesnewmethodisagoodchoicetoobtainhighaccuracy,buttherearelittledifferencefornon-stifferones.哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）-IV-Measuringefficiencyandstabilitycanbeimprovedbydistributingpropermethodfordifferenttubes,whichLaysthegroundworkformassproductionofthiskindofelasticparts.KeywordsSpringtubes；Stiffness；Precisionmeasurement；Errorcompensation；Contactdeformation哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）-V-目录摘要.I第1章绪论.-1-1.1弹簧管概述.-1-1.2弹簧管刚度检测技术的发展及研究现状.-3-1.3弹簧管刚度测量中相关理论综述.-4-1.4本课题的主要研究内容.-4-第2章弹簧管刚度测量系统的研制.-6-2.1弹簧管的技术指标.-6-2.2弹簧管刚度测量系统总体方案的确定.-6-2.3测量台架及测量夹具和调整装置的结构设计.-7-2.4数据测量元件的选择.-11-2.5刚度测量的主要步骤.-12-2.6测量系统应用概况.-13-第3章弹簧管刚度测量中误差分析与建模.-15-3.1单臂施力多点法弹簧管刚度测量系统中的误差源分析.-15-3.2测量原理误差.-16-3.3弹簧管刚度测量系统的变形误差分析与建模.-18-第4章提高弹簧管刚度测量精度的方法研究.-19-4.1结构优化法提高测量精度的研究.-19-4.2误差补偿法提高测量精度的研究.-19-4.3粗糙表面的数值模拟.-19-4.4表面形貌数值模拟方法的选择.-20-结论.-21-致谢.-22-参考文献.-23-附录1.-24-附录2.-34-