芋头去皮机设计说明书[带图纸].doc
湖南农业大学东方科技学院全日制普通本科生毕业设计芋头去皮机的设计THEDESIGNOFTAROPEELER学生姓名:学号:年级专业及班级:2008级机械设计(1)班指导老师及职称:副教授学部:理工学部湖南·长沙提交日期:2012年5月湖南农业大学东方科技学院全日制普通本科生毕业设计诚信声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的本科毕业设计是本人在指导老师的指导下,进行研究工作所取得的成果,成果不存在知识产权争议。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体在文中均作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。毕业设计作者签名:年月日目录摘要·······································································································1关键词····································································································11前言··································································································22芋头去皮机的工作原理··········································································22.1去皮清理的原理···········································································22.2去皮设备····················································································33电机的选择·························································································54轴的设计···························································································54.1轴的材料····················································································54.2轴的强度计算··············································································64.3轴的结构尺寸初步确定··································································75滚动轴承的设计···················································································75.1滚动轴承类型的选择·····································································75.2滚动轴承部件的组合设计·······························································86齿轮的结构设计···················································································96.1齿轮材料及热处理······································································106.2齿轮相关参数的初步确定·····························································106.3校核齿轮强度·············································································117圆筒的结构设计·················································································128轴承座的结构设计··············································································139圆盘的结构设计·················································································1410总结·······························································································15参考文献·······························································································15致谢·····································································································161芋头去皮机的设计学生:宋冶治指导老师:张岚(湖南农业大学东方科技学院长沙410128)摘要:芋头营养丰富,除直接食用外,还可以加工成食品、全粉、淀粉等经济价值较高的食品,通过加工可以大幅度提高鲜薯的商品价值2。去皮(peeling)用于多种水果和蔬菜的加工中以除去不需要或不可食的物质,并改善成品的外观。主要的考虑因素包括通过尽可能减少去掉的部分以及可能降低能源、劳力和物质成本来降低总成本。这里,介绍摩擦去皮方法:食品被放置在金刚砂滚轴上或内壁排列着金刚砂的转筒中,在磨损力的表面除去食品的表皮后又被大量的水冲洗干净。该方法的优点是由于过程是在温室下进行而具有的能源成本低以及资本成本低、无热损伤,食品外观良好的优点,不规则食品表面(如芋头上的“孔眼”)会破坏去皮产品的外观,需要手工去除3。关键词:芋头;去皮清洗;农产品;食品机械THEDESIGNOFTAROPEELERAuthor:SongYezhiTutor:ZhangLan(OrientalScienceTechnologyCollegeofHunanAgriculturalUniversity,Changsha410128)Abstract:Taronutritionisrich,besidesdirectedible,butalsocanbeprocessedintofood,powder,starch,etc,theeconomicvalueofhigherfoodprocessingcanbegreatlyimprovedthroughthevalueoffreshchips.Skinpeeling(for)offruitsandvegetablesprocessingtoremoveneednoteatornot,andimprovethephysicalappearanceoftheproduct.Themainfactorsincludingthroughminimizeremovedpartandmayreducethelaborandmaterialcostsenergy,reducethetotalcost.Hereintroducesfrictionpeelmethod:foodisplacedonthewallsoremeryrollerdrumlinedupintheemery,wearawaythefoodofskinsurfacebytheamountofwaterafterwashingclean.Theadvantageofthismethodisdueprocessisconductedingreenhousewithlowcostandtheenergyofcapitalcostislow,noheat,theadvantagesofgoodfoodappearance,irregularfoodsurfaces(suchastaro"holes)destroyspeelproductappearance,needmanual2removal.Keywords:Taroes;Peelcleaning;Agricultural;Foodmachiner1前言综观食品加工业对加工技术的要求,食品加工技术的发展趋势大致如下:第一,提高原料的利用率。由于食品生产企业利润较低,提高原料的利用率是企业降低生产成本的重要途径。第二,提高工作效率,便于实现大规模生产。第三,营养性和稳定性高,现在人们对食品的要求越来越高,大家都很关注食品的营养功效4。中国的芋头产量占世界总产量的28%,居世界第一位。近年来芋头的生产和加工发展十分迅速,尤其是美国、英国、德国和日本等国以发展优质专用化的芋头品种,先进适用的技术装备,高质量的加工制品和规模化生产经营方式等,推动着当今世界芋头加工业的发展。中国在芋头的种植和深加工上也加大了开发力度,形成了产前、产后良性循环的发展优势。尤其是加工后的芋头食品更是受到许多消费者的青睐,且在食品工业中所占的比例也越来越大2。芋头属块茎类作物,芋头块茎中富含淀粉、维生素和糖,其块茎中的主要物质如下:(1)淀粉和糖分,芋头淀粉由直链淀粉与支链淀粉组成,糖分占芋头块茎总质量的1.5%左右,主要为葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖。(2)含氮物,芋头块茎中的含氮物包括蛋白质和非蛋白质两部分,以蛋白质为主,富含球蛋白,这是全价蛋白质,几乎含有所有的必需氨基酸,在营养上具有重要意义。(3)脂肪,在芋头块茎中,脂肪含量为0.04%-0.94%。(4)有机酸(5)维生素,芋头中含有多种维生素。(6)酶类,芋头中含有淀粉酶、蛋白酶、氧化酶等2。芋头深加工可制成芋头粉、淀粉以及各种风味的休闲食品。芋头营养丰富,因此,对芋头进行深加工具有重要价值。2芋头去皮机工作原理2.1去皮清理的原理1水果及块根、块茎类蔬菜的外皮在加工成食品之前,大多需要除去表皮。由于原料的种类不同,皮层与果肉结合的牢固程度不同,生产的产品不同,对原料的去皮要求也各异,果蔬去皮的基本要求是去皮完全、彻底、原料损耗少。目前,果蔬加工中常用的去皮方法有机械去皮和化学去皮。机械去皮应用较广,既有简易的手工去皮又有特种去皮机。按去皮原理不同可分为机械切削去皮、机械磨削去皮和机械摩擦去皮。