德国的医疗保险和护理保险.pdf
德国的医疗保险和护理保险刘源1赵晶晶2(1北京大学经济学院,北京100871;2西南大学经济与管理学院,重庆400716)[摘要]德国法定医疗保险投保人缴纳的保险费主要取决于经济收入,而享受的医疗保险服务则不以缴纳费用的多少而有所不同,“高收入帮助低收入,富人帮助穷人,团结互助、社会共济、体现公平”是德国社会医疗保险的宗旨。德国法律规定了“护理保险跟从医疗保险的原则”,即所有医疗保险的投保人都要参加护理保险。德国的医疗保险和护理保险制度对我国有着重要的启示。[关键词]德国;医疗保险;护理保险;社会互助[中图分类号]F841684[文献标识码]A[文章编号]10043306(2008)03008903ABSTRACTTHEAMOUNTOFPREMIUMPAIDFORSTATUARYMEDICALINSURANCEINGERMANYISDECIDEDACCORDINGTOONE′SINCOMELEVEL,BUTTHEMEDICALINSURANCESERVICESRECEIVEDARENOTDIFFERENTEVENTHOUGHPEOPLEPAYDIFFERENTAMOUNTOFPREMIUMTHISBEARSTHEPRINCIPLEOFSOCIALMEDICALINSURANCEINGERMANY,NAMELY,“HIGHINCOMEPEOPLEHELPLOWINCOMEPEOPLE,THERICHHELPTHEPOOR,MUTUALASSISTANCE,SOCIALFRATERNITY,ANDFAIRDEALING”GERMANLAWSALSOSTIPULATETHAT“MEDICALINSURANCEPRINCIPLESAPPLYTOMEDICALCAREINSURANCE”,WHICHMEANSTHATALLMEDICALINSURANCEAPPLICANTSPARTICIPATEINMEDICALCAREINSURANCEASWELLGERMANMEDICALINSURANCEANDMEDICALCAREINSURANCESYSTEMSAREOFREFERENCEVALUETOCHINAKEYWORDSGERMANY;MEDICALINSURANCE;MEDICALCAREINSURANCE;SOCIALFRATERNITY一、德国的医疗保险(一)德国医疗保险