德国的医疗保险和护理保险.pdf

德国的医疗保险和护理保险刘源1赵晶晶2（1北京大学经济学院，北京100871；2西南大学经济与管理学院，重庆400716）［摘要］德国法定医疗保险投保人缴纳的保险费主要取决于经济收入，而享受的医疗保险服务则不以缴纳费用的多少而有所不同，“高收入帮助低收入，富人帮助穷人，团结互助、社会共济、体现公平”是德国社会医疗保险的宗旨。德国法律规定了“护理保险跟从医疗保险的原则”，即所有医疗保险的投保人都要参加护理保险。德国的医疗保险和护理保险制度对我国有着重要的启示。［关键词］德国；医疗保险；护理保险；社会互助［中图分类号］F841684［文献标识码］A［文章编号］10043306（2008）03008903ABSTRACTTHEAMOUNTOFPREMIUMPAIDFORSTATUARYMEDICALINSURANCEINGERMANYISDECIDEDACCORDINGTOONE′SINCOMELEVEL,BUTTHEMEDICALINSURANCESERVICESRECEIVEDARENOTDIFFERENTEVENTHOUGHPEOPLEPAYDIFFERENTAMOUNTOFPREMIUMTHISBEARSTHEPRINCIPLEOFSOCIALMEDICALINSURANCEINGERMANY,NAMELY,“HIGHINCOMEPEOPLEHELPLOWINCOMEPEOPLE,THERICHHELPTHEPOOR,MUTUALASSISTANCE,SOCIALFRATERNITY,ANDFAIRDEALING”GERMANLAWSALSOSTIPULATETHAT“MEDICALINSURANCEPRINCIPLESAPPLYTOMEDICALCAREINSURANCE”,WHICHMEANSTHATALLMEDICALINSURANCEAPPLICANTSPARTICIPATEINMEDICALCAREINSURANCEASWELLGERMANMEDICALINSURANCEANDMEDICALCAREINSURANCESYSTEMSAREOFREFERENCEVALUETOCHINAKEYWORDSGERMANY；MEDICALINSURANCE；MEDICALCAREINSURANCE；SOCIALFRATERNITY一、德国的医疗保险（一）德国医疗保险