自考英语（二）——汉译英重要句型.doc.doc

自考英语（二）汉译英重要句型1.状语从句1如果你坚持不听我的话，我就是要惩罚你。IfyoupersistinignoringwhatIhavesaid,Iwillpunishyou.2如果你不努力学习，你就没有可能在竞赛中取胜。Ifyoudonotstudyhard／workhardatyourstudied，youwillstandnochanceofwinning/itwillnotbepossible／itwillbeimpossibleforyoutowininthecontest．3如果他被迫去做他不乐意做的事，他不可能高兴。Ifheiscompelledtodowhathedoesnotenjoydoing,hecannotbehappy.4不论他怎么说，我也不相信他。Whateverhesays,Iwontbelievehim.5有些星辰的密度density达到某一点就会爆炸。Somestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoacertainpoint.6直到最近我才意识到语言与文化密切相关。Ididntrealizethatlanguagewascloselyrelatedtocultureuntilquiterecentlythatlanguageandcultureweresocloselyrelatedtoeachother.NotuntilquiterecentlydidIrealizethatlanguagewascloselyrelatedtoculture.7我工作了一整天，所以你来看我时，我很疲倦。Iwasverytired/exhaustedwhenyoucametoseeme,forIhadbeenworkingthewholeday.8随着研究技术变得更加先进,用于实验的动物数量将会大大减少.Asresearchtechniquesbecomemoreadvanced,thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentswillgreatlydecrease/decline/reduce/lower.9虽然管理者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策还是要求他们考虑到未来可能发生的事情。Althoughmanagerscannotpredictthefuture,manyoftheirdecisionsrequirethattheyconsider/takeintoaccountpossiblefutureevents.10爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。Einsteinclaimedthatmatterandenergyareinterchangeable,sothereisnoabsolutetimeandspace/sotimeandspacearenotabsolute.11我因打破了眼镜，所以看不清当时发生了什么事。Ihadbrokenmyglasses，soIcouldntseewhatwashappening.IcouldntseewhatwashappeningbecauseIhadbrokenmyglasses./becauseofmybrokenglasses.BecauseIhadbrokenmyglasses,Icouldntseewhatwashappening.12我更喜欢住在乡村，因为那里空气污染不太严重。Iprefertoliveinthecountryinthattheairpollutionthereislessserious.2.名词从句1现在的问题不是读什么书而是怎样读书。Theproblemnowisnotwhattoread，buthowtoread.2不用说，我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwearenotlivinginatraditionalsociety.3你是否把所有的钱都从银行里取出来由你自己决定。Itsuptoyouwhetheryouwillwithdrawallyourmoneyformthebank.4他们是怎样按计划完成这项工程的仍然是个谜。Howtheyhadcompletedtheconstructionintime/asplannedremained/isstillamystery.5他能否按时到达，现在还不得而知。Itisnotyetknown／Itishardtosaywhether／ifhewillarrive／comeontime.6人们认为饭后散步有助消化.Itisbelievedthattakingawalkaftermealspromotesdigestion/isgoodtoyourstomach.7他说的与事实完全相反。Whathesaidwastotallyopposedtothefacts.8科学家正在研究为什么白日梦daydreaming会有益于人们的健康。Scientistsarestudyingwhydaydreamingisbeneficial/conducivetopeopleshealth.9他的肤色与他是否是个好教授没有关系。Thecolorofhisskinisirrelevanttowhetherheisagoodprofessorornot.10人们对于如何达到这个目标有不同的看法。Peoplehavedifferentideas／viewsabouthowtoattainthegoal．11那位生物学家相信某些动物物种正受到灭绝的威胁.Thebiologistisconvinced/believesthatsomeanimalspeciesarefacedwiththedangerofextinction.12我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据。Iwonderifhecanprovidepositiveproof.13爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。Einsteinclaimedthatmatterandenergyareinterchangeable,sothereisnoabsolutetimeandspace/sotimeandspacearenotabsolute.14最新的研究成果表明，白日做梦是日常生活的一部分。Recentresearchindicatesthatdaydreamingispartofdailylife.3.定语从句1一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作.Apersonwhoappreciates/Apersonwithappreciationofartandliteratureisqualifiedforthejob.2处理这项事务的政府部门没有做统计。Thegovernmentdepartmentthatdealswiththisdoesnotkeepstatistics.3短缺并未严重到你报道的那种程度。Theshortagedonotexisttotheextentthatyoureport.4.比较级和最高级1快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthehumanbodyaremuchgreaterthanwerealize.2一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，其人口便越老龄化。Thenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowth,theolderitspopulationis.3近年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。Inrecentyears,thecomputerisfindingwiderandwiderapplicationinallfields.4时间是世界上最容易浪费也是最难以把握的东西。Timeistheeasiestthingintheworldtowasteandthemostdifficultthingtocontrol.5.被动语态1众所周知，即使同样的休闲活动，不同的人可能使用的方式也不相同。Itiswellknownthateventhesameleisureactivitymaybeuseddifferentlybydifferentindividuals.2据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。Thepatientissaidtohaveaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.3几年前被认为不可能实施的手术现在医院都能做。Operationsthatwereconsideredimpossibleafewyearsagocannowbeperformedinmanyhospitals.4绝大多数医学上的重大进步都是建立在动物研究基础上的。Mostofthemajormedicaladvancesarebasedonanimalresearch.5演唱者是由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏的。Thesingerwasaccompaniedonthepianobyhispupil.6.强调句1那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐。Atthattimeitwasfolkmusicthatwaspopularamongcollegestudents.7.虚拟语气1我们匆匆忙忙地赶回学校，生怕天会下雨。Wehurriedbacktoschoollestitshouldrain.8.时态1三年前她曾在伦敦一家茶厂工作，工资很低。ThreeyearsagesheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinLondon.2将来还会有脑力劳动和体力劳动的区别吗Willtherebeanydifferencebetweenthementalandthemanuallaborinthefuture3警察已着手对这个案子进行细致、全面的调查。Thepolicehavetakenadetailedandcomprehensiveinvestigationintothecase.9.词汇和短语1这与其说取决于候选人的个人特点不如说取决于外部因素。Thisdependsonexternalfactorsratherthanonacandidatespersonalcharacteristics2机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢Inwhatfieldswillrobotstakeoverhumantasks3在表达自己的意见时，我们应该力求客观。.Inexpressingouropinions,weshouldtrytobeasobjectiveaspossible.4从某种程度上来说，她的失败是由于运气不好。Tosomedegree,sheowedherfailuretobadluck.5图书管理员要求学生读完杂志后放回原处。Thelibrarianaskedthestudentstoreplacethemagazinesafterreading.6他对妻子要离开他的威胁没有在意。Hetooknonoticeofhiswifesthreattoleavehim.7这个由10人组成的委员会一致支持这一决定。Thepanel/committee/boardconsistingof/（whichwas）composedof/（whichwas）madeupof/whichconsistedof/ten/10membersupportedthedecisionwithonevoice/allsupportedthedecision.8科学家们将不得不提出增加世界粮食供应的新办法。Scientistswillhavetocomeupwithnewmethodsofincreasingtheworldsfoodsupply.9企业必须对市场需求敏感。Enterprisesmustbesensitivetothedemandofthemarket．10高薪和福利都不能取悦工人们。Neitherthebenefitsnorthehighpayappealsto/pleasestheworkers.Neitherthehighpaynorthebenefitsappealto/pleasetheworkers.11每个人都可以培养自己的兴趣。Everybodycancultivate/taketohisowninterests.12除了英语,他们还得学一门第二外语.Inadditionto/BesidesEnglish,theyhavetolearnasecondforeignlanguage.13二十世纪六十年代美国民间音乐除表现爱情与希望外，还表现反战情绪。TheAmericanfolkmusicinthe1960sexpressedantiwarsentimentsaswellasloveandhope.14所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。Alltheoriesoriginatefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.15候选人都尽力突出表现一种强有力的领导的形象。Candidatestrytoprojectastrongleadershipimage.16这家航空公司经营五条主干线和二十条支线。Thisairlineoperatesfivemainlinesandtwentybranchlines.17这次考试不及格人数多得惊人。Thenumberoffailuresintheexaminationissurprisinglylarge.18人们对于如何达到这个目标有不同的看法。Peoplehavedifferentideas／viewsabouthowtoattainthegoal．19这个小伙子偷偷把一块表塞进口袋，没让老师看到。Thisyoungmanslippedawatchintohispocketwithouttheteachersknowingit/beingnoticedbytheteacher.