中英文翻译--起重机的工作需要更多的科学技术.doc
CraneWorkNeedsMoreTechniquewww.mapeng.net马棚网CraneWorkNeedsMoreTechniqueAbstractCraneworkneedsmoretechnology.Constructionoftowercranesarethemainverticaltransportationequipmentandalsoameasureofconstructioncompaniesandequipmentstrengthoftheimportantlogo,intodaysincreasinglycompetitiveconstructionmarket,tomeettheconstructionneedsofmanyconstructioncompanieshaveboughtthetowercrane.Withthetowercraneattheconstructionsiteofthewidelyusedbythetowercraneaccidentalsocausedmoreandmoretopeopleslivesandpropertybroughtaboutgreatlosses.Accordingtonationalstatistics,thedepartmentsconcerned,thetowercraneaccidentratereached2.77percent.ItssecurityproblemisstilltheurgencyoftheconstructionLoosetraining,testingandoversightrequirementsforthepeoplewhoworkaroundconstructioncraneshavefosteredafalsesenseofsecurityinourindustry.Therecentdeadlytower-cranecollapseatacongestedNewYorkCitybuildingsiteshouldbeawake-upcallforustoquestionandstepupourcurrentsafetypractices.Trainingandtestingiskingwhenitcomestosafety.Buttheconstructionindustryisputtingunqualifiedpersonnelintheseatsofconstructioncranes,evenwithtodaystesting.Inmanyplaces,noexperienceisnecessaryafterpassingastandardizedtest.Oneweekofstudywillgivesomepeopleenoughknowledgetopassacertificationexamination,andthentheycanjumpintothecabofacrane.Imaginethatacommercialairlinepilothadthesametrainingasacertifiedcraneoperator.Howwouldyoufeelthenexttimeyoudecidedtofly?InCalifornia,ittakesmorehoursoftrainingtowieldapairofscissorsinahairsalonthantooperatepotentiallydangerousliftingmachinery.Howdoesthismakesense?Riggersandsignalpersonsalsoneedstandardtrainingandtestingtoensuresafetyunderthehook.Employersusuallyallowanycrafttosignalacraneonajobsite,despitebestpracticesthatrequireonlyqualifiedpeopledoso.Howisitthenthatuncertifiedanduntrainedpeopleareallowedtosignalandrigunderthehookofalicensedorcertifiedoperator?Towercranesareparticularlyriskyasurbansitesbecomemorecongested,andtheriskofacatastrophiceventisveryhighduringclimbingoperations.Yetmosttower-craneclimbingcrewsaretrainedinanon-traditionalmanner,viasecondhandknowledgethathasbeenpasseddownovertime.Theproblemwiththistypeofhand-me-downknowledgeisthatitchangesovertheyears,leavingoutsmall-but-importantdetailsalongtheway.This"osmosis"ofknowledgeleadscrewstodeveloptheirowntricksforclimbingcranes,oftenforsakingbasicsafetyinanattempttosavetimeandenergy.Inmanycases,therearenosafetydevicesoralarmstowarnofaseriousproblem.Climbingcrewsaresubjectedtopressuresthataffectsafety-criticaldecision-making.Itisnotuncommonforclimbstocontinuewithdamagedorleakinghydraulicsystems,out-of-adjustmentorjammedguiderollers,oftenworkinginthedarkandforextendedhours.This"MacGyver"methodofclimbing,whereeveryjumpbecomesanewadventure,shouldnotbethenorm.Climbing-framedesignsvaryamongmanufacturers,buttheoperationalstepsaresimilarinprinciple.Theclimbingprocessisrelativelystraightforward,withamixtureofphysicalworkandtechnicalprocedure.Itisnotcomplex;itismoreaboutknowingthepropersequenceofwhatneedstobedoneandthenfollowingthesteps,onebyone,makingsureeachstephasbeensuccessfullycompletedbeforemovingontothenext.Itisessentialthateveryoneknowexactlywhatisgoingonandwhatthedangersareateverystage.Thatswhytheindustryneedsstandardizedtraining,testingandoversightforthiswork,includingapracticalassessmentofcompetence.Techniciansshouldhavemodel-specifictrainingdirectlyfromthemanufacturer,alongwithalevelofpracticalexperience.Inspectors,too,shouldberequiredtohavespecifictechnicaltraining.Theyshouldbeindependentfromallaspectsofinstallationandmaintenancetoallowforobjectivedecisions.Keypersonnelonerectioncrewsshouldhavestandardtrainingandtesting.Whentheseneedsaresatisfied,craneoperationsshouldbecarriedoutinstrictaccordancewiththemanufacturersinstructions,engineeringprincipalsandgovernmentallaws.Butindustrystakeholdersandlawmakersneedtostepuptheirlaxstandardstoprotectthepublic.NewYorkCityresidents,whohaveseentheirhomesturnedintodustanddebris,wouldbeshockedatthewaytheindustrydealswiththeseissues.起重机的工作需要更多的科学技术摘要塔式起重机是建筑施工垂直运输的主要设备,也是衡量一个建筑施工企业装备实力的重要标识,在当今竞争日益激烈的建筑市场,为满足施工需要,很多施工企业都购置了塔式起重机。随着塔式起重机在施工现场的广泛使用,由塔式起重机引发的伤亡事故也越来越多,给人民的生命财产带来重大损失。据国内有关部门统计资料表明,塔式起重机的事故率已达2.77%。其安全问题仍然是建筑施工中的忧患起重机的工作需要更多的科学技术松散的培训,测试和监督的要求,周围的建筑起重机给这些工作的人树立了一种虚假的安全感,在我们的行业。最近塔式起重机倒塌在一个繁忙的纽约市建筑地盘应敲响警钟,提醒我们问题的存在,并加强我们目前安全的做法。当谈到安全问题时,训练和测试是关键。不过,建造业是把不合格人员放在建筑起重机的驾驶位上,甚至没有通过今天的测试。在许多地方,没有任何经验必须合格的通过标准化的测试。一周的学习将给予一些人足够的知识足以通过认证考试,然后他们可以跳转到的起重机的驾驶室。想象一下一个商业航空公司飞行员和一个认证的起重机操作员有相同的训练。你会如何感觉,下一次你决定要坐飞机?在加利福尼亚州,掌握一对剪刀在头发沙龙比操作有潜在危险的起重机械需要更多的时间训练。如何,这是否合理?装配工人和发信号的人也需要标准的培训和测试,以确保安全下钩。雇主通常允许任何工人发信号指挥起重机上工地,尽管最佳做法是需要合格的人这样做。怎么能允许那么无证和未受过训练的人来代替有工作证或经核证的操作者呢?塔式起重机是特别危险的,尤其是在市区用地变得更加拥挤时。攀登行动更是一个风险的行动,其灾难性非常高。然而,大多数塔式起重机攀登员的训练,在一个非传统的方式,通过二手知识已流传一段时间。问题与这种类型的现成的知识是,多年来,留下来的非常少,但最重要的细节却丢失了。这种“渗透”的知识,导致