外文翻译--PLC 控制器在风电机组中的应用.doc
PLCControllerofWindTurbine1IntroductionWindenergyasaninexhaustible,cleanandpollution-freerenewableenergy,itsexploitationhasbeenwidespreadattentionaroundtheworld,asoneofthewindresource-richcountries,thelevelofChinaswindpowerhasmadetherapiddevelopment.Fromthe20thcentury70s,andnetwork-basedwindpowerhasbeengraduallybegantocommercializetechnologiesbecomemoresophisticated,increasingunitcapacity,whilethestallinductionwindturbinewindfarmhasbecomethemainmodel.Asthemainformofcollectingwindenergy,windturbinecontrolproblemofgrowingimportance.Atpresent,runonwindturbinecontrol,PLCcontrolhasbeenwidelyusedathomeandabroad.Inrecentyears,PLCwithitsmanyfeatureswidelyusedinadvancedindustrialcountrieshavebecomethestandardindustrialcontrolequipment.Itisdesignedspecificallyforindustrialcontrol,setelectrical,instrumentation,controlthree-inoneistoachieveanidealcontrolofmechatronicsequipment.PLCcanbeprogrammedusingthememory,inadditiontotheimplementationoflogicaloperations,orderofoperations,timing,countingandarithmeticoperationssuchasinstruction,butalsotocompletetheorderortimingofvariousclosed-loopcontrolfunctions.Throughvariouscommunicationinterfacesandmoduleprocessing,todigitaloranaloginputandoutputforeasyconnectionatalllevels,small,anti-interferenceability,highreliability,goodstabilityinlonghoursunderharshenvironment,notintermittentoperation,andprogrammingissimple,easytomaintain.Inthispaper,S7-300PLCsystemandnetwork-basedasynchronousstallwindturbineapplicationaredescribed.2AfancontroldeviceFanControlisthesafeandreliableoperationofwindturbinesakeytechnology,controldevicesandthewindturbineiscloselyrelatedtotheremainingparts,awindturbinetorunthebrain,normalandreliableoperationoftheentireunit,andareliableguaranteeforoptimaloperation1.FancontrolsystemstructureshowninFigure1,includingcentralcontrol,softandnetworkcontrolsystem,reactivepowercompensationcontrolsystemandtheyawcontrolsystem2.2.1FanControlSystemHardwareDesignMostwindturbineworksinhigh,cold,humidity,sandandotherharshnaturalenvironmentandstrongelectromagneticinterferenceenvironment,andunattended,requiringthattheirmaincontrollerinterferencecapability,highreliabilityandtheworkofvariousoperatingparametersaccuratemeasurement,controlstrategyarereasonable,timelyandaccurateprocessingFaults.Byanalyzingtherequirementsandcharacteristicsofthecontrolunit,moresequentialcontrol,thecontrolsystemtohandletheinputandoutputsignalsaremostlyswitchingsignal,sousePLCasthemastercontrollertomeetitswindturbinecontrolsystems.Requirementstomeasurewindturbineneeds,selectSiemensS7-300typePLCmoduleandnetworkasastall-typecenterofasynchronouswindturbinecontroller.Windturbinecontrolsystemhardwarecomponentincludesthemaincontrolcabinet(Mainpanel),thecomputercabinet(Computerpanel),capacitorcabinets(Phasecompensation),atthetopofcontrolcabinet(Topbox),sensors,actuatorsandcontrolcables.Inthe750kWwindturbine,thetowercabincabinetPLCmoduleincludesdigitalinputmoduleSM321,analoginputmoduleSM331,high-speedcountingmoduleFM350,interfacemoduleIM153(ET200series),etc.;towerbottomPLCmodulecontrolcabinetincludesCPUmoduleCPU-315,digitalinputmoduleSM321,digitaloutputmoduleSM322,communicationsprocessors,CP340,powersupplymodulePS307so.2.2FanControlSystemDesignSoftwareCombiningthecharacteristicsofPLCsystems,machinecontrolsystemusingtheSTEP7onthepreparationoffancontrolapplications,withstatementstablesandladdercombinationofmethodstoachievetheapplicationofmodular,structuredprogramming.Ismoreconvenientandsafeforwindturbinecontrol,lookoutturbinecontrolfunctionstobeachievedisdividedintoseveralrelativelyindependenttasks,inaccordancewiththemodularprogrammingsoftwareprogramming,themainprogramwascompletedforwindturbinegeneratorsstart,softandnetsizeofthemotorswitchcontrolandpowergenerationsystemoptimization;subroutinesinclude:shutdownsubroutine,emergencyshutdownsubroutine,yawsubroutine,JieLansubroutine,KaiPstopcontrolgearpumps,hydraulicpumpsKaiPstopcontrol,andgearoilssuchasheatingandcoolingroutine.Beforethestartofthemainswitchclosing,windturbinecontrollerisnowpreparedtorun.First,systeminitialization,controlprograminitialization,checkthestatusofmicro-controllerhardwareandperipheralsareintact,detectionsystemparameters(temperature,hydraulicoil,pressure,winddirection,windspeed,etc.),comparethedetectedoperatingparameters,withoutfailure,thesystemcanformallystart.Start,firstcheckthenetworktodetecttheparametersofthegrid,setallcounters,outputoftheinitialworkofstateinstitutionsandtheopeningangleofthyristors3,afterthewindturbinestartautomatically.Windwheelangularleafrecoverybythe90°of0°,thewindbegantoturnround,thecomputerbegantoreal-timemonitoringofvariousparameters,withtheincreaseinwindspeedround,windroundthefeedbackspeedsignalasinputtojudgetheconditions,intothecontrollertodeterminewhetherthegrid.Whenthepowersystemoperation,thesystemusedtodeterminetheparametersoftestparametershasexceededthelimit,theimplementationofyaw,phasecompensation,safetybrake.3ConclusionCombinationofwindpowercontrolrequirementstoS7-300-PLCmodule,forexample,onthe750kWwindturbinecontrolsystemwasoutlinedtostudythecompositionofitscontrolsystemandfancontrolprocess,thepaperdesignofPLCcontrolsystems,testFansoftheactualcontrolandoperationofwindturbinecanachievegoodcontrol.PLC控制器在风电机组中的应用1引言风能作为一种取之不尽、清洁无污染的可再生能源,其开发利用已经受到了世界各国的普遍重视,作为风力资源丰富的国家之一,我国的风力发电水平也取得了较快的发展。从20世纪70年代开始,并网型风力发电己经逐渐开始商业化,技术也日益成熟,单机容量越来越大,而失速型异步风电机已成为国内风电场的主要机型。作为采集风能的主要形式,风电机组的控制问题研究变得越来越重要。目前,在风电机组控制运行上,PLC控制已被国内外普遍采用。在最近几年,PLC以其诸多特点获得广泛的使用,在工业先进国家已成为工业控制的标准设备。它专为工业控制而设计,集电气、仪表、控制三电于一体,是实现机电一体化的理想控制设备。PLC采用可以编制程序的存储器,除了可以执行逻辑运算、顺序运算、计时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令,还可以完成各种顺序或定时的闭环控制功能。通过各类通讯接口与模块处理,进行数字式或模拟式的输入和输出,方便各级连接,体积小、抗干扰能力强、可靠性高、稳定性好、能在恶劣环境下长时间、不间断运行,且编程简单,维护方便。本文就S7-300PLC系统在失速型并网异步风力发电机组中的应用进行了说明。2风机控制装置风机控制是整个风电机组安全可靠运行的关键技术,控制装置与风力发电机组的其余各部分密切相关,是风电机组运行的大脑,是整个机组正常可靠运行以及实现最佳运行的可靠保证1。风机控制系统结构图如图1所示,主要包括中心控制器、软并网控制系统、无功补偿控制系统和偏航控制系统等2。2.1风机控制系统硬件结构设计风电机组大多工作于高温、高寒、高湿、风沙等恶劣的自然环境与强电磁干扰环境中,且无人值守,要求其主控制器抗干扰能力强,工作可靠性高,各种运行参数测量准确,控制策略合理,对故障的判断处理及时准确。通过分析机组的控制要求与特点,顺序控制较多,控制系统需要处理的输入输出信号也大都是开关信号,所以选用PLC作为主控制器可以满足风电机组对其控制系统的要求。衡量风电机的要求需要,选择西门子公司的S7-300型PLC模块作为失速型并网异步风电机组的中心控制器。风电机组控制装置的硬件组成主要包括主控制柜(Mainpanel)、计算机柜(Computerpanel)、电容柜(Phasecompensation)、顶部控制柜(Topbox)、传感器、执行机构以及控制电缆等。在750kW风电机组中,塔顶机舱柜中PLC模块主