外文翻译--机床数控改造.doc

1MachinetoolnumericalcontrolreformsFirst,CNCsystemsandthedevelopmenttrendofhistory1946birthoftheworldsfirstelectroniccomputer,whichshowsthathumanbeingscreatedtoenhanceandreplacesomeofthementalworktools.Itandhumanagriculture,industrialsocietyinthecreationofthosewhomerelyincreasecomparedtomanualtools,fromaqualitativeleapformankindsentryintotheinformationsocietylaidthefoundation.Sixyearslater,in1952,computertechnologyappliedtothemachineintheUnitedStateswasbornfirstCNCmachinetools.Sincethen,thetraditionalmachineproducedaqualitativechange.NearlyhalfacenturysincetheCNCsystemhasexperiencedtwophasesandsixgenerationsofdevelopment.1.1,NumericalControl(NC)phase(1952to1970)Earlycomputerscomputationalspeedlowandtheprevailingscientificcomputinganddataprocessingisnotaffected,butcannotmeettherequirementsofreal-timecontrolmachine.Peoplehavetousedigitallogiccircuit"tied"intoasinglemachineasadedicatedcomputernumericalcontrolsystem,knownasthehardwareconnectionNC(HARD-WIREDNC),calledtheNumericalControl(NC).Withthedevelopmentofcomponentsofthisphaseafterthreegenerations,thatis,in1952thefirstgeneration-tube；1959ofthesecondgeneration-transistor；1965ofthethirdgeneration-small-scaleintegratedcircuits.1.2,ComputerNumericalControl(CNC)phase(1970topresent)To1970,GMhasbeenasmallcomputerandmass-produced.SoittransplantsystemasthecorecomponentofNC,haveenteredaComputerNumericalControl(CNC)stage(infrontofthecomputershouldbe"universal"wordomitted).To1971,theUnitedStatesINTELcompanyintheworldwillbethefirsttimethetwomostcorecomputercomponents-computingandcontroller,alarge-scaleintegratedcircuittechnologyintegrationinachip,calledthemicroprocessor(MICROPROCESSOR),alsoknownasthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).1974microprocessortobeusedinCNCsystem.Thisisbecausethefunctionofthecomputeristoosmalltocontrolamachinetoolcapacityaffluent(thetimehasbeenusedtocontrolmorethanonemachine,calledGroupControl),asareasonableeconomicuseofthemicroprocessor.Minicomputerreliabilityandthennotideal.Earlymicroprocessorspeedandfunctionalitywhilestillnothighenough,butcanbeadoptedtosolvethemulti-processorarchitecture.Asmicroprocessorcoreisageneralcomputercomponents,itisstillknownastheCNC.By1990,PCmachines(personalcomputers,domestichabitsthatcomputer)performancehasbeendevelopedtoahighstage,asaCNCsystemtomeettherequirementsofthecorecomponents.NCsystembasedonPChasnowenteredthestage.Inshort,CNChasalsoexperiencedastagethreegenerations.Thatis,in1970sfourthgeneration-smallcomputer；1974ofthefifthgeneration-microprocessorsandthesixth-generation1990-BasedonthePC(calledPC-BASEDabroad).Alsopointedoutthat,althoughtheforeigncomputerhasbeenrenamedNC(CNC),2butChinastillcustomarysaidNumericalControl(NC).Therefore,westresstheday-to-day"NC",inessence,isthat"computernumericallycontrolled."1.3,thetrendoffuturedevelopmentofNC1.3.1continuetoopen,thesixthgenerationofPC-baseddevelopmentBasedonthePCwiththeopen,low-cost,highreliability,richinresourcessuchashardwareandsoftwarefeatures,andmoreCNCsystemmanufacturerswillembarkonthispath.AtleastitusedPCasafront-endmachine,todealwiththehuman-machineinterface,programming,networkingandcommunicationsproblems,theformerNCSomesystemshavethemandate.PCmachinewiththefriendlyinterface,willbeuniversaltoallCNCsystem.Remotecommunications,remotediagnosticsandmaintenancewillbemorewidespread.1.3.2high-speedandhigh-precisionDevelopmentThisistoadapttohigh-speedandhigh-precisionmachinetoolstotheneedsofthedevelopmentdirection.1.3.3intelligentdirectiontothedevelopmentWithartificialintelligenceinthecomputerfieldinfiltrationandthecontinuingdevelopmentoftheintelligentnumericalcontrolsystemwillbecontinuouslyimproved.（1）adaptivecontroltechnologyCNCsystemcandetectsomeimportantinformationintheprocess,andautomaticallyadjustsystemparameterstoimprovethesystemrunningstatepurposes.（2）theintroductionofexpertguidanceprocessingsystemtheexperienceofskilledworkersandexperts,processingandthegeneralrulesoflawofspecialdepositsystem,theprocessparameterstothedatabaseasthefoundation,andestablishartificialintelligenceexpertsystem.（3）introductionofFaultDiagnosisExpertSystem（4）intelligentdigitalservodrivesAutomaticIdentificationcanload,andautomaticallyadjustparameterstogetthebestdrivesystemoperation.Second,CNCoftheneedfortransformation2.1,microscopicviewofthenecessityofFromthemicroperspective,CNCmachinetoolsthantraditionalmachineshavethefollowingprominentsuperiority,andtheseadvantagesarefromtheNCsystemincludescomputerpower.2.1.1canbeprocessedbyconventionalmachiningisnotthecurve,surfaceandothercomplexpartsBecausecomputersaresuperbcomputingpowercanbeaccuratelycalculatedinstantaneouseachcoordinateaxismovementexerciseshouldbeinstantaneous,itcancompoundintocomplexcurvesandsurfaces.2.1.2automatedprocessingcanbeachieved,butalsoflexibleautomationtoincreasemachineefficiencythantraditional3to7times.Becausecomputersarememoryandstoragecapacity,canbeimportedandstoredproceduresrememberdown,andthenclickproceduralrequirementstoimplementtheorderautomaticallytoachieveautomation.CNCmachinetoolasareplacement3procedures,wecanachieveanotherworkpiecemachiningautomation,sothatsinglepiecesandsmallbatchproductioncanbeautomated,ithasbeencalled"flexibleautomation."2.1.3highprecisionmachiningparts,thesizedispersionofsmall,easytoassemble,nolongerneeded"repair."2.1.4processescanberealizedmorefocused,inparttoreducethefrequentremovalmachine.2.1.5haveautomaticalarm,automaticcontrol,automaticcompensation,andotherself-regulatoryfunctions,thusachievinglongunattendedprocessing.2.1.6derivedfromthebenefitsofmorethanfive.Suchas:reducingthelaborintensityoftheworkers,savethelaborforce(onecanlookaftermorethanonemachine),adecreaseoftooling,shortenTrialProductionofanewproductcycleandtheproductioncycle,themarketdemandforquickresponse,andsoon.Theseadvantagesareourpredecessorsdidnotexpect,isaverymajorbreakthrough.Inaddition,CNCmachinetoolsortheFMC(FlexibleManufacturingCell),FMS(flexiblemanufacturingsystem)andCIMS(ComputerIntegratedManufacturingSystem),andotherenterprises,thebasisofinformationtransformation.NCmanufacturingautomationtechnologyhasbecomethecoretechnologyandbasictechnology.2.2,themacroviewofthenecessityFromamacroperspective,themilitaryindustrialdevelopedcountries,themachineryindustry,inthelate1970s,early1980s,hasbegunalarge-scaleapplicationofCNCmachinetools.Itsessenceistheuseofinformationtechnologyonthetraditionalindustries(includingthemilitary,theMachineryIndustry)fortechnologicaltransformation.InadditiontothemanufacturingprocessusedinCNCmachinetools,FMC,FMS,butalsoincludedintheproductdevelopmentintheimplementationofCAD,CAE,CAM,virtualmanufacturingandproductionmanagementintheimplementationoftheMIS(ManagementInformationSystem),CIMS,andsoon.Andtheproductsthattheyproduceanincreaseininformationtechnology,includingartificialintelligenceandothercontent.Astheuseofinformationtechnologytoforeignforces,thedepthofMachineryIndustry(referredtoasinformationtechnology),andultimatelymakestheirproductsintheinternationalmilitaryandcivilianproductsonthemarketcompetitivenessofmuchstronger.Andweintheinformationtechnologytotransformtraditionalindustriesthanabout20yearsbehinddevelopedcountries.SuchaspossessionofmachinetoolsinChina,theproportionofCNCmachinetools(CNCrate)in1995toonly1.9percent,whileJapanin1994reached20.8percent,everyyearalargenumberofimportsofmechanicalandelectricalproducts.ThisalsoexplainsthemacroCNCtransformationoftheneed.Third,CNCmachinetoolsandproductionlinesofthetransformationofthemarket3.1,CNCtransformationofthemarketMycurrentmachinetotalmorethan380millionunits,ofwhichonlythetotalnumberofCNCmachinetool113,400Taiwan,orthatChinasCNCrateoflessthan34percent.Overthepast10years,Chinasannualoutputofabout0.6CNCmachinetoolsto0.8millionunits,anannualoutputvalueofabout1.8billionyuan.CNCmachinetoolsannualrateof6percent.Chinasmachinetooleasementsoverage10accountformorethan60%belowthe10machines,automatic/semi-automaticmachinelessthan20percent,FMC/FMS,suchasahandfulmoreautomatedproductionline(theUnitedStatesandJapanautomaticandsemi-automaticmachine,60percentabove).Thisshowsthatwethemajorityofmanufacturingindustriesandenterprisesoftheproduction,processingequipmentisthegreatmajorityoftraditionalmachinetools,andmorethanhalfofmilitaryageisover10yearsoldmachine.Processingequipmentusedbytheprevalenceofpoorqualityproducts,lessvariety,low-grade,highcost,supplyalongperiod,inviewoftheinternationalanddomesticmarkets,lackofcompetitiveness,andadirectimpactonacompanysproducts,markets,efficiencyandimpactThesurvivalanddevelopmentofenterprises.Therefore,wemustvigorouslyraisetherateofCNCmachinetools.3.2,importequipmentandproductionlinesofthetransformationofNCmarketSinceChinasreformandopeningup,manyforeignenterprisesfromtheintroductionoftechnology,equipmentandproductionlinesfortechnologicaltransformation.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,from1979to198810,theintroductionoftechnologicaltransformationprojectsare18,446,about16.58billionUSdollars.Theseprojects,themajorityofprojectsinChinaseconomicconstructionplayaduerole.Some,however,theintroductionofprojectsduetovariousreasons,notequipmentornormaloperationoftheproductionline,andevenparalyzed,andtheeffectivenessofenterprisesaffectedbyseriousenterpriseisintrouble.Someoftheequipment,productionlinesintroducedfromabroad,thedigestionandabsorptionofsomebad,sparepartsincomplete,impropermaintenance,pooroperatingresults；onlypayattentiontotheintroductionofsomeimportedtheequipment,apparatus,productionlines,ignoresoftware,technology,andmanagement,resultinginitemsintegrity,andpotentialequipmentcannotplay,butsomecannotevenstartrunning,didnotplayduerole,butsomeproductionlinestoselltheproductsverywell,butnotbecauseofequipmentfailureproductionstandards；becausesomehighenergyconsumption,lowpassrateproductsincurlosses,butsomehaveintroducedalongertime,andtheneedfortechnologicalupgrading.Someofthecausesoftheequipmentdidnotcreatewealth,butconsumptionofwealth.Thesecannotusetheequipment,productionlinesisaburden,butalsoanumberofsignificantassetsinstock,wealthisrepaired.Aslongasidentifyingthemaintechnicaldifficulties,andsolvekeytechnicalproblems,wecanminimizetheinvestmentandmakethemostoftheirassetsinstock,gainthegreatesteconomicandsocialbenefits.Thisisagreattransformationofthemarket.Fourth,NCtransformationofthecontentandgiftedmissing4.1,theriseofforeigntradereformIntheUnitedStates,JapanandGermanyandotherdevelopedcountries,andtheirmachinetransformationasneweconomicgrowthsector,thebusinessscene,isinagoldenage.Themachine,aswellastechnologycontinuestoprogress,isa