外文翻译--超精密加工与超高速加工技术.doc

附录附录1：英文原文Ultraprecisioprocessing,andultra-high-speedprocessingtechnologiesFirst,TechnicaloverviewSophisticated,ultra-precisionprocessingisarelativeconceptbutasageneralincreaseinthelevelofcraftsmanship,differentdivisionshavedifferentagelimits,butnostrictuniformstandards.Fromthecurrentlevelofmechanicalprocessingtechnologyandultraprecisionprocessingusuallyprocessingprecision<0.3m，SurfaceroughnessRavalue<0.03m.Hypervelocityprocessingtechnologyreferstothecutleryusedpaintmaterialsthroughgreatlyincreasedcuttingspeedandchintoimprovethematerialremovalrateofspeed,accuracyandProcessingprocessingqualitymodernprocessingtechnology.Hypervelocityscopeforcuttingspeedprocessingdifferentworkingmaterials,differentwaysanddifferentmachines.Currently,thegeneralview,ultrahighspeedmachiningofthecuttingspeedrangeofmaterials:aluminumalloyover1600m/min,castironfor1500m/min,ultraheat-300m/minnickelalloys,titaniumalloysto1501000m/min,fibrereinforcedplasticsfor20009000m/min.ThecuttingspeedrangeofalternativeprocessesforChexue7007000m/min,Xianxiao3006000m/min,drilling2001100m/min,grinding250m/sabove,andsoon.Ultrahighspeedprocessingtechnologiesinclude:ultrahighspeedmachiningandgrindingresearchmechanisms,hypervelocitymainmodulesmanufacturingtechnology,ultrahighspeedintothemodulemanufacturingtechnology,ultrahigh-speedprocessingwithcutleryandabrasivemanufacturingtechnology,ultrahighspeedprocessingonlineautomaticdetectionandcontroltechnologies.Ultraprecisionprocessingreferstothecurrentprocessingcomponentssizeprecisionthan0.1m,thesurfaceroughnessRa<0.025m,andthemachinetoolsusedintheresolutionpositioningaccuracyandrepetitivethan0.01mprocessingtechnology,alsoknownastheAsianmicrometresprocessingtechnology,andistonano-classprocessingtechnologydevelopment.Ultraprecisionprocessingtechnologyinclude:ultraprecisionprocessingexperiment,ultraprecisionprocessingequipmentmanufacturingtechnologyresearch,toolsandRenmosuperprecisionprocessingtechnologyresearch,technologyandultra-precisionmeasurementerrorcompensationtechnologyresearch,ultraprecisionprocessingworkstudyenvironmentalconditions.Second,thecurrentsituationanddevelopmenttrend1）UltrahighspeedprocessingDevelopedultra-high-speedprocessingofindustrialresearchearlier,thehighlevel.Inthistechnology,inaleadingpositioninthecountrymainlyGermany,Japan,theUnitedStates,Italy.Inhypervelocityprocessingtechnology,theframematerialtoachieveultrahighspeedprocessingtoolistheprerequisiteandpreconditions,ultrahighspeedgrindingmachinetechnologyisamodernmethodofhypervelocityprocessingtechniques,andhigh-speeddigitalmachinetoolsandprocessingcenteristhekeytoachievingultra-high-speedprocessingequipment.Currently,cutlerymaterialsfromcarbonsteelandalloytoolsteel,thehigh-speedsteel,hardalloysteel,ceramicmaterials,thedevelopmentofartificialdiamondsandJujingdiamond(PCD),andJuJingcubicfeetDanhuapengDanhuapeng(CBN).Cuttingspeedisasinnovativematerialsandcutleryfromtheformer12m/minto1200m/minabove.AbrasiveWheelsmaterialsusedinthepastprimarilycorundumis,siliconcarbideis,theUnitedStatesG.Ecompaniesinthe1950s,syntheticdiamondssuccess,the1960swasthefirstsuccessCBN.1990sceramicorresincombinationagentsCBNgrindingwheel,diamondgrindingwheelspeedup125m/slines,someupto150m/sandsingle-levelelectroplatingCBNgrindingwheelto250m/s.Itwasfeltthatwiththenewcutlery(Saint),thecontinuousdevelopmentofmaterials,cuttingspeedtobedoubledeverydecade,theemergenceofsubsonicandsupersonicprocessingwillnotbetoofaroff.Inhypervelocitycuttingtechnology,developedin1976byaU.S.companyVoughtTaiwanhypervelocitymillingmachine,themaximumrotationalspeedof20000rpmreached.SpecialattentionistheFederalUniversityofproductionengineeringandmachinetoolsindustryDarmstadtInstitute(PTW)from1978beganasystematicstudyofhypervelocityalternativemechanismsforthevariousmetalsandnon-metallicmaterialsforhigh-speedmachiningtestsFederaldozensofenterprisesandorganizationsprovidedmorethan2,000millionDMinsupportofthestudy,sincethelate1980s,sincethecommercializationofemergingultra-high-speedmachiningmachinetools,super-high-speedmachinetoolsfromasinglesuperhigh-speedmillingmachineintohypervelocityvehiclesmillingmachine,drillingofhigh-speedmillingmachineandprocessingcentres.Switzerland,theUnitedKingdom,Japanhaslauncheditsultrahighspeedmachinetools.JapanHitachismartmachinesHG400IIImaximumrotationalspeedofthespeech-processingcenter3600040000r/min,workstationsrapidmobilespeed3640m/min.UsinglinearelectricalU.S.-basedhigh-speedprocessingHVM800Ingersollcompaniestomoveintothecenterfor60m/minspeed.Inhigh-speedandultra-high-speedgrindingtechnology,peopledevelopedhigh-speed,ultrahighspeedgrinding,deepreliefforgrindinginto,deepintothefastgrinding(HEDG),multi-piecegrindingwheelandmulti-grindingwheel-grinding,andmanyotherhigh-speedefficientgrinding,high-speedefficientgrindingtechnologyinthepast20yearshasbeenconsiderabledevelopmentandapplication.GermanyGuehringAutomationCompanyin1983createdthefirsttimetheworldsmostpowerful60kwTaiwanFirmCBNgrindingwheelgrinder,versusreach140160m/s.AGermanenjoyIndustrialUniversity,theUniversityofBremeninhigh-skillsresearchachievedworld-recognizedachievements,andactivelyinthealuminumalloy,titaniumalloys,nickelalloys,andotherdifficultforrecreationalmaterialsfortheefficientprocessingofdeepresearchskills.GermanBoschcompanyprocessingapplicationsCBNgrindingwheelspeedgrindingwheelChixingusinghypervelocitygrindingelectroplatingCBNgrindingwheeltoreplacetheoriginalrollteethandshavingteethprocessingtechniques,andmaterialsprocessing16MnCr5gearChixing,Vs=155m/sitsreach811mm3/mm.sQ,Germancompaniesusehigh-speedKappdeepprocessinglumbermillpartsShencao,workingmaterialsfor100Cr6bearingsteel,usingelectroplatingCBNgrindingwheel,reached300m/sversustheQ=140mm3/mm.s,grindingprocessing,theleaveswillquenchpumprotorsaZhuangjia10,ameticulousrotorshafts,grinding,herchintospeed1.2m/minaverageprocessingtimewithin10secondsofeachrotor,Caokuanaccuracyassuredintwo16ugm,agrindingwheelchain1,300working.Currently,theJapaneseindustryhas200m/spracticalgrindingpace,theUnitedStatesConneticutUniversitygrindingResearchCenter,1996itsintentionBamboohigh-speedgrinder,thegrindingwheelgrindingmaximumspeedof250m/s.2）UltraprecisionprocessingUltraprecisionprocessingtechnologyintheleadingpositioninternationallyinthecountriestheUnitedStates,BritainandJapan.Thesecountriesnotonlyultra-precisionprocessingtechnologysetstheoverallhighlevel,butalsoaveryhighdegreeofcommercialization.TheUnitedStatesisconductingthefirststudyultra-precisionprocessingtechnology,andsofaritsleadingpositionintheworldcountries.Backinthe1950s,becauseofspaceneedsinthedevelopmentofsophisticatedtechnology,theUnitedStatesdevelopedthefirstultra-precisionmachiningdiamondcutlerytechnologycalled"SPDTtechnology"(SinglePointDiamondTurning),or"micro-inchtechnology"(1micro-inch=0.025m)andthedevelopmentofcorrespondingultra-precisionairbearingspindlemachinetools.Forprocessinglasernuclearfusionreflectionmirror,andtacticalmissilesandmannedspacecraftwithlargesphericalnon-sphericalparts,andsoon.IftheUnitedStatesLLLY-12factoriesandlaboratoriesinsupportoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergyinJuly1983successfullydevelopedlargeultra-precisiondiamondlatheDTM-3type,themachinetoolchainlargestparts2100mm,weight4500kglasernuclearfusionusingamirrorreflectionofthevariousmetals,usinginfrareddevicesspareparts,largecelestialtelescopes(includingX-raycelestialtelescopes).Theprocessingprecisionmachinetoolstoshapeerrortoreach28nm(radius),Yuandegreesandhorizontaldegreesof12.5nm,surfaceroughnessforRa4.2nmprocessing.TheMachineToolLaboratoryin1984withthedevelopmentofultra-precisionlathe,alargeLodtmisnowrecognizedintheworldthehighestleveloftechnology,precisionhighest-precisionlathelargediamonds.Inultra-precisionprocessingtechnology,theBritishCranfieldInstituteofTechnologybelongsCranfieldPrecisionEngineeringInstitute(shortforCUPE)enjoyhigherprestige,itistheworldsprecisionengineeringresearchcentres,theBritishsuper-precisionprocessingtechnologyunique.IfCUPEproductionNanocentre(nanometerprocessingcenter)forultra-sophisticatedChexuecanalsocarryMotoucanconductultraprecisiongrinding,precisionprocessingfinalshapeup0.1m,thesurfaceroughnessRa