外文翻译-- 我国机械制造业管理信息化特点及发展趋势.doc

英文原文Chinasmachinerymanufacturingmanagementinformationofthecharacteristicsanddevelopmenttrends1.PrefaceThemanufacturingsector,especiallymachinerymanufacturingindustryisapillarindustryofnationaleconomy,themodernmanufacturingindustryischangingpeoplesmodesofproduction,lifestyle,modeofoperationandmanagementaswellastheorganizationalstructureofsocietyandculture.Chinashugemarketpotentialandrichlaborresources,theworldsmanufacturingindustryhasshiftedtoChina,Chinaisbecomingaworldmanufacturingpower.Chinashouseholdelectricalappliances,suchasintheproductionofanumberofproductshasbeenrankingfirstintheworld.However,intheirownintellectualpropertyrightsofinnovativedesign,advancedmanufacturingtechnologyandequipmentandmodernmanagement,therearestillabiggap,sowedonotcreatepower.Thisarticlewillmachinerymanufacturingenterprisesinthecurrentmanagementproblems,howtouseinformationtechnologytoimprovemanagement,managementinformationofthecharacteristicsandtrendsoftechnologydevelopmentforanumberofstudiesforthedevelopmentofmachinerymanufacturingenterprisesprogramreferenceinformation.2.MachinerymanufacturingenterprisesinthecurrentmanagementproblemsChinasmachinerymanufacturingindustrythroughdecadesofefforthavebeenofconsiderablesize,theaccumulationofalargenumberofskillsandexperience.However,withtheformationofworldeconomicintegration,sinceChinashugemarketpotentialandrichlaborresources,foreigntechnology,capital,largeinfluxofChineseproducts,Chineseenterprisesarefacinganunprecedentedsituationoffiercecompetitionathomeandabroad.Competitiveproductsrequirereplacementfast,highquality,lowprice,promptdeliveryandgoodservices.Competitioninthesemarketsweaponswiththemodelofcorporategovernance,managementmethods,managementtools,organizationalstructure,businessprocessesarecloselyrelated.However,theChineseenterprisesandpeoplesideology30-40yearsduetotheimpactoftheplannedeconomy,thecompetitivenessoftheexistenceofweaponswithabiggapcomparedwithdevelopedcountries.(1)controlthemodeofproductionplanningbehindTheimplementationofERPhasnotbeenthemachinerymanufacturingenterprisesisalmost100%useofsetsofprograms.Thatisthelongestproductioncycleofproductsformthebasisofproductasavarietyofmaterialsandproductionleadtimeprocurementleadtime.Exaggeratedisthelead-timeinventoryandreserveproductshighliquidityoftherootcausesoftheuseoftheGreat.Productionplanningandprocurementplansinline,setsthelevelofbadpartscannotbedeliveredontime.Ortoprotectitsdeliveryofhighreserves.ModernmanagementmethodsfromMRPMRP,JITJIT,supplierofpipeTreasuryVMI,afarcryfromthesynchronizationofproduction.(2)EnterprisepoorresponseTodaysmarketisconstantlychanging,thedemandfordiversification.OrderassemblyMTO,inaccordancewithordersformanufactureofMTO,inaccordancewithordersforthedesignofMTD,MassCustomizationMC.Varietyofdifferentspecifications,production,procurementisverycomplex.Fromthecustomer-Sales-Design-Production-Purchasing-Financial-costs,theneedforacompletesupplychainmanagement,inordertoquicklyrespondtodynamiccustomerdemand,toadapttotheever-changingmarketandcustomercustomizationrequirements.(3)inaccuratecost,poorcostcontrolArtificialcostaccountingingeneralonlythecostofcomputingproducts,thecostofpartsandcomponentscannotbecalculated.Veryroughcost-sharing,thecostofdatacollectionisalargenumberofartificialandpooraccuracyofthedata,makingcostinaccurate.Generallydonotcarryoutthestandardcostcalculation,costanalysisrarelyconducted,sopoorcostcontrol.(4)informationdispersed,nottimely,inaccurate,notshareManufacturingproduction,supply,marketing,human,financial,andmaterialisanorganicwhole,andbetweenthemthereisalargeamountofinformationexchange.Decentralizedmanagementofinformation,howeverartificial,basedonthelackofacompletedata,informationdispersion,nottimely,inaccurate,notshare,significantlyaffectthescientificnatureofmanagementdecision-making.(5)-stylebureaucraticorganizationsratherthantheflat-orientedbusinessprocessesoforganizations,thegeneralbusinessprocessesunreasonable,businessprocessmanagementandcontrolofnon-standard,arbitrary.(6)lackofstandardization,standardization,institutionalization,programmablemanagement,managementstrengthsandweaknessesvaryfrompersontoperson.DespitetheadoptionofISO9000procedurestodevelopaseriesofdocuments,theeffectoftheimplementationofenterprisesandmanagersmayvary.(7)managementtoolsbehind,themajorityofenterprisesstillinthecomputermanualordecentralizedmanagementofindividualmanagementstage.Someenterpriseshavesetupcomputernetworks,thewholeplant,buttheapplicationisstillfragmented,thereisnoinformation-sharingandtheoptimaldistributionofresources.(8)modernmanagementideas,newmethods,andpoorapplicationofnewtechnologies.Forexample:AgileManufacturingAM,virtualmanufacturingVM,JITJIT,CustomerRelationshipManagementCRM,supplychainmanagementSCM,BusinessIntelligenceBI,e-businessEC,suchasenterpriseresourceplanningERP.3.UseinformationtechnologytoimprovethelevelofmechanicalsystemmanagementAtpresent,theabove-mentionedproblemsinthemanagementofseriouslyaffectingthelevelofcorporategovernance,managementefficiencyandcompetitivenessofenterprises.Theuseofmodernmanagementthinking,methodsandcomputernetworkcommunicationtechnology,machinerymanufacturingenterprisestoachievethemanagementofinnovation,systeminnovationandtechnologicalinnovationisfacingurgenttasksinfrontofeachenterprise.Therefore,theestablishmentoflinkedcomputernetworks,bothwithinandoutsideplantcommunicationsystems,selectadvanced,matureandsuitablefortheneedsofenterprisemanagemententerpriseresourceplanningERP,customerrelationshipmanagementCRM,supplychainmanagementSCM,BusinessIntelligenceBI,e-commercesoftwaresystems,suchasEC,throughtheManagementAdvisoryandbusinessprocessreengineering,andoptimizethedesignoftheorganization,management,businessprocess,applicationofthesesoftwaresystems,enterpriseinformationmanagement.Enterprisemanagementinordertoovercomethecurrentproblemsinandimprovethelevelofcorporategovernance,managementefficiencyandcompetitivenessofenterprises,isthefaceofaknowledge-basedeconomyandglobaleconomicintegrationmaketheinevitablechoice.Systemaimsto:(1)intoacompany-widecomputernetworkmanagementinformationsystem.Thesystemenablesenterprisestoachievetheproductionandoperationoflogistics,capitalflow,informationflowandworkflowofthehighdegreeofunitywiththeparalleloperation,andIntranet,Internetenterprisesinsideandoutsidethefullexchangeofinformationandbusinesslinkswiththeoutsideworld,toformaneffectiveagilesupplychainsystem.(2)theuseofadvancedproductionplanningandcontrolmethods.Tobreakthesetsofprograms,accordingtoavarietyofmaterialsprocurementandproductionlead-timepreparationoflead-timeMRP.Theestablishmentofaneffectiveandflexiblebythemasterproductionplan,materialrequirementsplanningandjobshopschemecomposedofthreeplannedproductionplanningmanagementsystem,reducethemaximumproductioncycle,procurementcycle,on-timedelivery,rapidresponsetocustomerdemandtomaximizethereductionofinventoryandcosts,improveservicelevels.QualifiedenterprisestoimplementJITJIT,supplierofpipeTreasuryVMI,synchronousproductionofadvancedmanagementmethods.(3)toachievecompany-widebasisofdata(suchasmaterialdata,productstructuredata,productdesign,processdata,capacitydata,etc.)togenerateaunified,uniformmaintenanceandmanagementforauthorizeduseoftherelevantdepartments,thenumberoftrulya,datasharing,toavoidredundancy.ThroughtheERPsystemtofurtherrationalizethedevelopmentandimplementationofmanagementprocedurestoensurethemanagementofinstitutionalized,standardizedandscientific.(4)forthecurrentinformationinthemanagementdivisionofthesituationandestablishacustomer-centricdynamicinformationfeedbackandcontrolsystem,foreachtaskfromthecontract,design,production,procurement,costaccountingintothewholeprocessofproductshipmentsDynamictracking,sothateachtaskiseffectivelyundercontrol.(5)tostrengthenandimprovefinancialmanagementandcostaccountingfunctions.Therealcosttobuildtwosystems,theuseofadvancedcostaccountingmethods,amoreaccurateaccountingofcostsandcostcomponentsforsalesquotesandprovideareliablebasisforfinancialaccounting.Conductacostanalysistoidentifythefactorsthatreducecostsandeffectivelyreducecosts.(6)theuseofcomputerstoenhancethequalityofthestatisticalanalysisofdata.Takefulladvantageofthequalityoftestdata,usingavarietyofanalyticalmethods,toconductin-depthstatisticsandanalysis.Effectivelymonitorandimprovethequalitylevel.(7)throughcomputer-basedenterpriseinformationmanagement,willbethemajorityofmanagersfromthetediousmanuallabor,sothattheywillhavetheopportunitytolearnmanagementtheoryandmanagementskills,fromthenatureofenterprisemanagementpersonneltoimprovethemanagementlevel.4.ChinasmachinerymanufacturingmanagementfeaturesMachinerymanufacturingandthemanagementofothermanufacturingindustrieshavecommonpersonality；machinerymanufacturingindustrywiththeproductiontype,productionvolume,productionorganizationofitsmanagementpracticesindifferentwaystherearedifferences；Chinasmanufacturingsectorcomparedwiththedevelopedcountries,duetocorporateculture,law,differentsystemhasitsparticularities.Onthesecharacteristicsthefollowingtopics:(1)machinerymanufacturingindustryisatypicaldiscretemanufacturingindustry,itsmanagementsoftwarebasedontheproductiontype,productionvolume,productionorganizationaredifferent,requiredifferentsolutions.Thechartliststhetypeofdivisionofproduction:Characteristicsofthesetypesofmanufacturers:DiscreteManufacturing-differentmaterialsthroughthemovementofnon-continuous,throughdifferentpaths,theproductionofdifferentmaterialsandproducts.Suchasmotorvehicles,machinetools,aircraft,computers,homeelectricalappliances.ProcessIndustry-materialsthroughmixing,separating,forming,orchemicalreaction,mostlyformaterialsthroughthesamepath,toproducevaluableproducts.Itconsistsofcontinuousproduction,manufacturingproductionandmixedtypes.Requiredinthemanagementofprescriptionmanagement,by-products,theproducts,avarietyofunitsofmeasurement,anumberofqualityandgradeofthesameitems,batchnumbertracking,shelf-lifecharacteristics,thegeneralprocessindustrywithprofessionalsoftware.Singleproduction-thedesignofproductstoorder,accordingtotheproductionofcustomerdemand,productisverycomplex.Productsaregenerallylongproductioncycle.Sometimesa