外文翻译--从无线电世界到单片机世界.doc
附录三外文翻译外文资料原文FromtheworldofradiointheworldtoasinglechipAsthemoderncomputertechnology,industrialrevolutioncoming,theeconomyoftheworldfromthecapitalintotheeconomytoknowledgeeconomy.IntheFieldofelectronicworld,itchangedfromtheeraofradiointhe20thcenturytothecomputertechnologyinthe21stcenturyasthecenteroftheintelligentmoderneraofelectronicsystems.Thebasiccoreofmodernelectronicsystemsareembeddedcomputersystems(referredtoasembeddedsystems),whilethemicrocontrolleristhemosttypicalandmostextensiveandmostpopularembeddedsystems.First,radiohascreatedgenerationsofexcellenceintheworldFiftiesandsixtiesinthe20thcentury,themostrepresentativeoftheadvancedelectronictechnologyiswirelesstechnology,includingradiobroadcasting,radio,wirelesscommunications(telegraph),AmateurRadio,radiopositioning,navigationandothertelemetry,remotecontrol,remotetechnology.Earlythattheseelectronictechnologyledmanyyoungpeopleintothewonderfuldigitalworld,radioshowwasawonderfullife,theprospectsforscienceandtechnology.Electronicsbegantoformanewdiscipline.Radioelectronics,wirelesscommunicationsbegane-worldjourney.Radiotechnologyisnotonlyasarepresentativeofadvancedscienceandtechnologyatthattime,butalsofrompopulartoprofessionalfieldsofscience,attractingtheyoungpeopleandenablethemtofindalotoffun.Orefromthebedsidetothesuperheterodyneradio;reportissuedfromtheradioamateurradiostations;fromthetelephone,electricbelltotheradiocontrolmodel.Becamepopularyouthradiotechnology,scienceandtechnologyeducationisthemostpopularandmostextensivecontent.Sofar,manyoftheoldergenerationofengineers,experts,Professoroftheyearareradioenthusiasts.Funradiotechnology,radiotechnology,comprehensivetraining,frombasicprinciplesofelectronics,electroniccomponentstotheradio-basedremotecontrol,telemetry,remoteelectronicsystems,hastrainedseveralgenerationsoftechnologicalexcellence.Second,fromthepopularityoftheradioeratotheeraofelectronictechnologyTheearlyradiotechnologypromotesthedevelopmentofelectronictechnology,mostnotablyelectronicvacuumtubetechnologytosemiconductorelectronictechnology.Semiconductortechnologyrealizedtheactivedeviceminiaturizationandlowcost,somorepopularwithradiotechnologyandinnovation,andtogreatlybroadenthenumberofnon-radio-controlareas.Thedevelopmentofsemiconductortechnologyleadstotheproductionofintegratedcircuit,formingthemodernelectronictechnologyleapfromdiscreteelectronicsintotheeraoferaofintegratedcircuits.Electronicdesignengineersnolongerusethediscreteelectroniccomponentsdesignedcircuitmodules,anddirectselectionofintegratedcircuitcomponentsconstituteasinglesystem.Theyfreedthedesignofthecircuitunitdedicatedtosystemdesign,greatlyliberatingtheproductiveforcesofscienceandtechnology,promotethewiderspreadofelectronicsystems.Semiconductorintegratedcircuitsinthebasicdigitallogiccircuitsfirstbreakthrough.Alargenumberofdigitallogiccircuits,suchasgates,counters,timers,shiftregisters,andanalogswitches,comparators,etc.,fortheelectronicdigitalcontrolprovideexcellentconditionsforthetraditionalmechanicalcontroltoelectroniccontrol.Powerelectronicdevicesandsensortechnologytomaketheoriginaltotheradioasthecenterofelectronictechnologyturnedtomechanicalengineeringinthefieldofdigitalcontrolsystems,testinginthefieldofinformationcollection,movementofelectricalmechanicalservodrivecontrolobject.Semiconductorandintegratedcircuittechnologywillbringusauniversalageofelectronictechnology,wirelesstechnologytobeapartofthefieldofelectronictechnologyInthe1970s,largescaleintegratedcircuitappearedtopromotetheconventionalelectroniccircuitunit-specificelectronicsystemsdevelopment.Manyelectronicsystemsunitintoadedicatedintegrateddevicessuchasradios,electronicclocks,calculators,electronicengineersintheseareasfromthecircuit,thesystemdesignedtodebugintothedeviceselection,peripheraldeviceadapterwork.Electronictechnology,andelectronicproductsenriched,electronicengineerstoreducethedifficulty,butatthesametime,radiotechnology,electronictechnologyhasweakenedthecharm.Thedevelopmentofsemiconductorintegratedcircuitsclassicalelectronicsystemsarematuring,remaininthelargescaleintegratedcircuitotherthantheshrinkingofelectronictechnology,electronictechnologyisnottheolddaysofradiofuntimesandcomprehensiveengineeringtraining.Third,fromtheclassiceraofelectronictechnologytomodernelectronictechnologyofthetimesInthe1980s,thecenturyofeconomicchangeisthemostimportantrevolutioninthecomputer.Thecomputerrevolutioninthemostimportantsignisthebirthofthecomputerembeddedapplications.Moderncomputernumericalrequirementsshouldbeborn.Alongperiodoftime,istodevelopthemassivecomputernumericalduty.Butthecomputershowsthelogicoperation,processing,control,attractingexpertsinthefieldofelectroniccontrol,theywantdevelopmenttomeetthecontrolobjectrequirementsofembeddedapplications,computersystems.Ifyoumeetthemassivedata-processingcomputersystemknownasgeneral-purposecomputersystem,thenthesystemcanbetheembeddedobject(suchasships,aircraft,motorcycles,etc.)inacomputersystemcalledtheembeddedcomputer.Clearly,boththedirectionoftechnologydevelopmentaredifferent.Theformerrequiresmassivedatastorage,handling,processingandanalysisofhigh-speeddatatransmission;whilethelatterrequiresreliableoperationinthetargetenvironment,theexternalphysicalparametersonhigh-speedacquisition,analysisandprocessinglogicandtherapidcontrolofexternalobjects.Itwilladdanearlygeneral-purposecomputerdataacquisitionunit,theoutputdrivercircuitreluctancetoformaheattreatmentfurnacetemperaturecontrolsystem.Thisgeneral-purposecomputersystemisnotpossibleformostoftheelectronicsystemused,andtomakegeneral-purposecomputersystemmeetstherequirementsofembeddedapplications,willinevitablyaffectthedevelopmentofhigh-speednumericprocessing.Inordertosolvethecontradictionbetweenthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,inthe20thcentury70s,semiconductorexpertsanotherway,infullaccordancewiththeelectronicsystemembeddedcomputerapplicationrequirements,amicro-computersbasicsystemonachip,theformationoftheearlySCM(SingleChipMicrocomputer).Aftertheadventofsinglechipinthecomputerindustrybegantoappearinthegeneral-purposecomputersystemsandembeddedsystemsthetwobranches.Sincethen,boththeembeddedsystemandgeneral-purposecomputersystemshavebeendevelopedrapidly.Althoughtheearlygeneral-purposecomputerconvertedtheembeddedcomputersystems,andrealembeddedsystembeganintheemergenceofSCM.Becausethemicrocontrollerisdesignedspecificallyforembeddedapplications,theMCUcanonlyachieveembeddedapplications.MCUembeddedapplicationsthatbestmeetenvironmentalrequirements,forexample,chip-levelphysicalspace,large-scaleintegratedcircuitslow-cost,goodperipheralinterfacebusandoutstandingcontrolofinstruction.Acomputersystemmicrocontrollercore,embeddedelectronicsystems,intelligentelectronicsystemsforthefoundation.Therefore,thecurrentsinglechipelectronicsysteminwidespreadisuseofelectronicsystemstoenablerapidtransitiontotheclassicalmodernintelligentelectronicsystems.Fourth,singlechiptocreatethemoderneraofelectronicsystems1、AmicrocontrollerandembeddedsystemsEmbeddedcomputersystemsfromembeddedapplications,embeddedsystemsforearlygeneral-purposecomputeradaptedtotheobjectsystemembeddedinavarietyofelectronicsystems,suchastheshipsautopilot,enginemonitoringsystems.Embeddedsystemisprimarilyacomputersystem,followedbyitbeingembeddedintotheobjectsystem,objectsintheobjectsystemtoachieverequireddatacollection,processing,statusdisplay,theoutputcontrolfunctions,asembeddedintheobjectsystem,embeddedsystemcomputerdoesnothaveanindependentformandfunctionofthecomputer.SCMisentirelyinaccordancewiththerequirementsofembeddedsystemdesign,soSCMisthemosttypicalembeddedsystems.SCMistheearlyapplicationoftechnicalrequirementsinaccordancewiththedesignofembeddedcomputerchipintegration,hencethenamesinglechip.Subsequently,theMCUembeddedapplicationstomeetthegrowingdemandsofitscontrolfunctionsandperipheralinterfacefunctions,inparticular,highlightthecontrolfunction,sohasinternationalnamethesinglechipmicrocontroller(MCU,MicrocontrollerUnit).2、MCUmodernelectronicsystemsconsistingofelectronicsystemswillbecomemainstreamMCUisadevice-levelcomputersystems,itcanbeembeddedintoanyobjectsystemtoachieveintelligentcontrol.Smalltomicro-machinery,suchaswatches,hearingaids.Low-costintegrateddevice-level,low-toafewdollars,tendollars,enoughtospreadtomanycivilianSCMappliances,electronictoystogo.SCMconstitutesamodernelectronicsystemshasin-depthtothehouseholds,arechangingourlives,suchashomeaudio,televisions,washingmachines,microwaveovens,telephones,securitysystems,andairconditioners.SCMinnovationtheoriginalelectronicsystems,suchasmicrowaveovensuseSCM,itcaneasilysettheclock,theprogrammemory,powercontrol;airconditionerafteruseofSCMisnotonlyconvenientforremote