外文翻译--加工介绍 英文版.pdf

172008.12newsmechanicalEnglisharticleIntroductionofMachiningHoskins,JosiahAbstract:Machinerymanufacturingindustryontheworldeconomyplaysanimportantrole,andthemachiningprocessistheestablishmentofmachinerymanufacturingtechnologyandanimportantpartofthecriticalwork.Inthispaper,theoutputshaftisafixtureoftheprocessingtechnologyanddesign,focusedonseveralimportantprocessingonthesurfaceofacertainsize,shape,locationrequirements,therearestillsomestrength,surfaceroughness,andotherrequirements,butthesewillbereflectedinthetext.Keywords:manufacturing；outputshaft；processingtechnology；fixture.Haveashapeasaprocessingmethod,allmachiningprocessfortheproductionofthemostcommonlyusedandmostimportantmethod.Machiningprocessisaprocessgeneratedshape,inthisprocess,Driversdeviceontheworkpiecematerialtobeintheformofchipremoval.Althoughinsomeoccasions,theworkpieceundernocircumstances,theuseofmobileequipmenttotheprocessing,However,themajorityofthemachiningisnotonlysupportingtheworkpiecealsosupportingtoolsandequipmenttocomplete.Machiningknowtheprocesshastwoaspects.Smallgroupoflow-costproduction.Forcasting,forgingandmachiningpressure,everyproductionofaspecificshapeoftheworkpiece,evenaspareparts,almosthavetospendthehighcostofprocessing.Weldingtorelyontheshapeofthestructure,toalargeextent,dependoneffectiveintheformofrawmaterials.Ingeneral,throughtheuseofexpensiveequipmentandwithoutspecialprocessingconditions,canbealmostanytypeofrawmaterials,mechanicalprocessingtoconverttherawmaterialsprocessedintothearbitraryshapeofthestructure,aslongastheexternaldimensionslargeenough,itispossible.Becauseofaproductionofspareparts,evenwhenthepartsandstructureoftheproductionbatchsizesaresuitablefortheoriginalcasting,Forgingorpressureprocessingtoproduce,butusuallyprefermachining.Strictprecisionandgoodsurfacefinish,Machiningthesecondpurposeistheestablishmentofthehighprecisionandsurfacefinishpossibleonthebasisof.Manyparts,ifanyothermeansofproductionbelongingtothelarge-scaleproduction,WellMachiningisalow-toleranceandcan182008.12newsmechanicalEnglisharticlemeettherequirementsofsmallbatchproduction.Besides,manypartsontheproductionandprocessingofcoarseprocesstoimproveitsgeneralshapeofthesurface.Itisonlynecessaryprecisionandchooseonlythesurfacemachining.Forinstance,thread,inadditiontomechanicalprocessing,almostnootherprocessingmethodforprocessing.Anotherexampleistheblacksmithpieceskeyholeprocessing,aswellastrainingtobeconductedimmediatelyafterthemechanicalcompletionoftheprocessing.PrimaryCuttingParametersCuttingtheworkpieceandtoolbasedonthebasicrelationshipbetweenthefollowingfourelementstofullydescribe:thetoolgeometry,cuttingspeed,feedrate,depthandpenetrationofacuttingtool.CuttingToolsmustbeofasuitablematerialtomanufacture,itmustbestrong,tough,hardandwear-resistant.Toolgeometry-tothetipplaneandcutteranglecharacteristics-foreachcuttingprocessmustbecorrect.Cuttingspeedisthecuttingedgeofworkpiecesurfacerate,itisinchesperminutetoshow.Inordertoeffectivelyprocessing,andcuttingspeedmustadapttothelevelofspecificparts-withknives.Generally,themorehardworkpiecematerial,thelowertherate.ProgressiveTooltospeediscutintotheworkpiecespeed.Iftheworkpieceortoolforrotatingmovement,feedrateperroundoverthenumberofinchestothemeasurement.Whentheworkpieceortoolforreciprocatingmovementandfeedrateoneachtripthroughthemeasurementofinches.Generally,inotherconditions,feedrateandcuttingspeedisinverselyproportionalto。Depthofpenetrationofacuttingtool-toinchesdollarsisthetooltotheworkpiecedistance.Rotarycuttingittothechiporequaltothewidthofthelinearcuttingchipthickness.Roughthanfinishing,deeperpenetrationofacuttingtooldepth.WearsofCuttingToolWealreadyhavebeenprocessedandtherattleofthecountlesscracksedgetool,welearnthattoolweararebasicallythreeforms:flankwear,theformerflankwearandV-Notchwear.Flankwearoccurredinboththemainbladeoccurredviceblade.Onthemainblade,shoulderremovedbecausemostmetalchipmandate,which192008.12newsmechanicalEnglisharticleresultedinanincreasecuttingforceandcuttingtemperatureincrease,Ifnotallowedtocheck,Thatcouldleadtotheworkpieceandthetoolvibrationandprovideforefficientcuttingconditionsmaynolongerexist.Vice-bladedon,itisdeterminedworkpiecedimensionsandsurfacefinish.Flankwearsizeofthepossiblefailureoftheproductandsurfacefinisharealsoinferior.Inmostactualcuttingconditions,astheprincipalintheformerfirstdeputyflankbeforeflankwear,weararrivalenough,Toolwillbeeffective,theresultsaremadeunqualifiedparts.AsToolstressonthesurfaceuneven,chipandflankbeforeslidingcontactzonebetweenstress,inslidingcontactthestartofthelargest,andincontactwiththetailofzero,soabrasivewearintheregionoccurred.Thisisbecausethecardcuttingedgethanthenearbysettlementsnearthemoreseriouswear,andbladedchipduetothevicinityoftheformerflankandlostcontactwearlighter.ThisresultsfromacertaindistancefromthecuttingedgeofthesurfaceformedbeforetheknifepointMapit,whichisusuallyconsideredbeforewear.Undernormalcircumstances,thisiswearcross-sectionalshapeofanarc.Inmanyinstancesandfortheactualcuttingconditions,theformerflankwearcomparedtoflankwearlight,Thereforeflankwearmoregenerallyasatoolfailureofscalesigns.Butbecausemanyauthorshavesaidinthecuttingspeedoftheincrease,Maetosurfacetemperaturethantheknifesurfacetemperatureshaverisenfaster.Butbecauseanyformofwearrateisessentiallytemperaturechangesbythesignificantimpact.Therefore,theformerusuallywearinhigh-speedcuttinghappen.Themaintoolflankwearthetailisnotprocessedwiththeworkpiecesurfaceincontact,Thereforeflankwearthanwearalongwiththeendsmorevisible,whichisthemostcommon.Thisisbecausethelocaleffect,whichisasroughonthesurfacehashardenedlayer,Thiseffectisbycuttinginfrontofthehardeningoftheworkpiece.Notjustcutting,andasoxidationskin,thebladelocalhightemperaturewillalsocausethiseffect.Thispartialwearnormallyreferredtoaspitsexualwear,butoccasionallyitisveryserious.DespitetheemergenceofthepitsontheCuttingToolnatureisnotmeaningfulimpact,butoftenpitsgraduallybecomedarkerIfcuttingcontinuedthecase,thentherecutterfracturecrisis.Ifanyformofsexualallowedtowear,eventuallywearrateincreaseobviouslywillbeatooltodestroyfailuredestruction,thatwillnolongertoolfor202008.12newsmechanicalEnglisharticlecutting,causetheworkpiecescrapped,itisgood,cancauseseriousdamagemachine.Forvariouscarbidecuttingtoolsandforthevarioustypesofwear,intheeventofaseriouslapse,onthetoolthathasreachedtheendofthelifecycle.Butforvarioushigh-speedsteelcuttingtoolsandwearbelongingtothenon-uniformityofwear,hasbeenfound:Whenthewearandeventoallowforaseriouslapse,themostmeaningfulisthatthetoolcanre-milluse,ofcourse,Inpractice,cuttingthetimetousethantheshorttimelapse.Severalphenomenaareonetoolseriouslapsebeganfeatures:themostcommonisthesuddenincreasecuttingforce,appearedontheworkpieceburningringpatternsandanincreaseinnoise.TheEffectofChangesinCuttingParametersonCuttingTemperaturesInmetalcuttingoperationsheatisgeneratedintheprimaryandsecondarydeformationzonesandthisresultsinacomplextemperaturedistributionthroughoutthetool,workpieceandchip.Atypicalsetofisothermsisshowninfigurewhereitcanbeseenthat,ascouldbeexpected,thereisaverylargetemperaturegradientthroughoutthewidthofthechipastheworkpiecematerialisshearedinprimarydeformationandthereisafurtherlargetemperatureinthechipadjacenttothefaceasthechipisshearedinsecondarydeformation.Thisleadstoamaximumcuttingtemperatureashortdistanceupthefacefromthecuttingedgeandasmalldistanceintothechip.Sincevirtuallyalltheworkdoneinmetalcuttingisconvertedintoheat,itcouldbeexpectedthatfactorswhichincreasethepowerconsumedperunitvolumeofmetalremovedwillincreasethecuttingtemperature.Thusanincreaseintherakeangle,allotherparametersremainingconstant,willreducethepowerperunitvolumeofmetalremovedandcuttingtemperatureswillreduce.Whenconsideringincreaseinundeformedchipthicknessandcuttingspeedthesituationismorecomples.Anincreaseinundeformedchipthicknessandcuttingspeedthesituationismorecomplex.Anincreaseinundeformedchipthicknesstendstobeascaleeffectwheretheamountsofheatwhichpasstotheworkpiece,thetoolandchipremaininfixedproportionsandthechangesincuttingtemperaturetendtobesmall.Increaseincuttingspeed,however,reducetheamountofheatwhichpassesintotheworkpieceandthisincreasethetemperatureriseofthechipinprimarydeformation.