外文翻译--液压系统的设计与模具设计.doc

HydraulicsystemdesignandmolddesignHydraulicpresserdriveandairpressuredrivehydraulicfluidasthetransmissionismadeaccordingtothe17thcentury,Pascalsprincipleofhydrostaticpressuretodrivethedevelopmentofanemergingtechnology,theUnitedKingdomin1795BramanJoseph(JosephBraman,1749-1814),inLondonwaterasamediumtoformhydraulicpressusedinindustry,thebirthoftheworldsfirsthydraulicpress.Mediaworkin1905willbereplacedbyoil-waterandfurtherimproved.AftertheWorldWarI(1914-1918),becauseoftheextensiveapplicationofhydraulictransmission,espec-iallyafter1920,morerapiddevelopment.Hydrauliccomponentsinthelate19thcenturyabouttheearly20thcentury,20years,onlystartedtoentertheformalphaseofindustrialproduction.1925Vickers(F.Vikers)theinventionofthepressurebalancedvanepump,hydrauliccomponentsforthemodernindustrialorhydraulictransmissionofthegradualestablishmentofthefoundation.Theearly20thcenturyGConstantimscofluct-uationsoftheenergycarriedoutbypassingtheoreticalandpracticalresearch；in1910onthehydraulictrans-mission(hydrauliccoupling,hydraulictorqueconverter,etc.)contributions,sothatthesetwoareasofdevelo-pment.TheSecondWorldWar(1941-1945)period,intheUnitedStates30%ofmachinetoolapplicationsinthehydraulictransmission.ItshouldbenotedthatthedevelopmentofhydraulictransmissioninJapanthanEuropeandtheUnitedStatesandothercountriesfornearly20yearslater.Beforeandafterin1955,therapiddevelopmentofJapanshydraulicdrive,setupin1956,"HydraulicIndustry."Nearly20to30years,thedevelopmentofJapansfasthydraulictransmission,aworldleader.HydraulictransmissionTherearemanyoutstandingadvantages,itiswidelyused,suchasgeneralindustr-ialuseofplasticsprocessingmachinery,thepressureofmachinery,machinetools,etc.；operatingmachineryengineeringmachinery,constructionmachinery,agriculturalmachinery,automobiles,etc.；ironandsteelindu-strymetallurgicalmachinery,liftingequipment,suchasrolleradjustmentdevice；civilwaterprojectswithflo-odcontrolanddamgatedevices,bedliftsinstallations,bridgesandothermanipulationofinstitutions；speedturbinepowerplantinstallations,nuclearpowerplants,etc.；shipfromthedeckheavymachinery(winch),thebowdoors,bulkheadvalve,sternthruster,etc.；specialantennatechnologygiantwithcontroldevices,measu-rementbuoys,movementssuchasrotatingstage；military-industrialcontroldevicesusedinartillery,shipanti-rollingdevices,aircraftsimulation,aircraftretractablelandinggearandruddercontroldevicesandotherdevi-ces.Acompletehydraulicsystemconsistsoffiveparts,namely,powercomponents,theimplementationofco-mponents,controlcomponents,auxiliarycomponentsandhydraulicoil.Theroleofdynamiccomponentsoftheoriginalmotivefluidintomechanicalenergytothepressurethatthehydraulicsystemofpumps,itistopowertheentirehydraulicsystem.Thestructureoftheformofhydra-ulicpumpgearsaregenerallypump,vanepumpandpistonpump.Implementationofcomponents(suchashydrauliccylindersandhydraulicmotors)whichisthepressureoftheliquidcanbeconvertedtomechanicalenergytodrivetheloadforastraightlinereciprocatingmovementorrotationalmovement.Controlcomponents(thatis,thevarioushydraulicvalves)inthehydraulicsystemtocontrolandregulatethepressureofliquid,flowrateanddirection.Accordingtothedifferentcontrolfunctions,hydraulicpressurecontrolvalvecanbedividedintovalves,flowcontrolvalvesanddirectionalcontrolvalve.Pressurecontrolvalvesaredividedintobenefitsflowvalve(safetyvalve),pressurereliefvalve,sequencevalve,pressurerelays,etc.；flowcontrolvalvesincludingthrottle,adjustingthevalves,flowdiversionvalvesets,etc.；directionalcontrolvalveincludesaone-wayvalve,one-wayfluidcontrolvalve,shuttlevalve,valveandsoon.Underthecontrolofdifferentways,canbedividedintothehydraulicvalvecontrolswitchvalve,controlvalveandsetthevalueoftheratiocontrolvalve.Auxiliarycomponents,includingfueltanks,oilfilters,tubingandpipejoints,seals,pressuregauge,oillevel,suchasoildollars.Hydraulicoilinthehydraulicsystemistheworkoftheenergytransfermedium,thereareavarietyofmineraloil,emulsionoilhydraulicmoldingHopcategories.Theroleofthehydraulicsystemistohelphumanitywork.Mainlybytheimplementationofcomponentstorotateorpressureintoareciprocatingmotion.Hydraulicsystemandhydraulicpowercontrolsignaliscomposedoftwoparts,thesignalcontrolofsomepartsofthehydraulicpowerusedtodrivethecontrolvalvemovement.Partofthehydraulicpowermeansthatthecircuitdiagramusedtoshowthedifferentfunctionsoftheinterrelationshipbetweencomponents.Containingthesourceofhydraulicpump,hydraulicmotorandauxiliarycomponents；hydrauliccontrolpartcontainsavarietyofcontrolvalves,usedtocontroltheflowofoil,pressureanddirection；operativeorhydrauliccylinderwithhydraulicmotors,accordingtotheactualrequirementsoftheirchoice.Intheanalysisanddesignoftheactualtask,thegeneralblockdiagramshowstheactualoperationofequi-pment.Hollowarrowindicatesthesignalflow,whilethesolidarrowsthatenergyflow.Basichydrauliccircuitoftheactionsequence-Controlcomponents(twofour-wayvalve)andthespringtoresetfortheimplementationofcomponents(double-actinghydrauliccylinder),aswellastheextendingandretractingthereliefvalveopenedandclosed.Fortheimplementationofcomponentsandcontrolcomponents,presentationsarebasedonthecorrespondingcircuitdiagramsymbols,italsointroducedreadymadecircuitdiagramsymbols.Workingprincipleofthesystem,youcanturnonallcircuitstocode.Ifthefirstimplementationofcomponentsnumbered0,thecontrolcomponentsassociatedwiththeidentifieris1.Outwiththeimplementationofcomponentscorrespondingtotheidentifierfortheevencomponents,thenretractingandimplementationofcomponentscorrespondingtotheidentifierfortheoddcomponents.Hydrauliccircuitcarriedoutnotonlytodealwithnumbers,butalsotodealwiththeactualdeviceID,inordertodetectsystemfailures.DINISO1219-2standarddefinitionofthenumberofcomponentcomposition,whichincludesthefollowingfourparts:deviceID,circuitID,componentIDandcomponentID.Theentiresystemifonlyonedevice,devicenumbermaybeomitted.Practice,anotherwayistocodeallofthehydraulicsystemcomponentsfornumbersatthistime,componentsandcomponentcodeshouldbeconsistentwiththelistofnumbers.Thismethodisparticularlyapplicabletocomplexhydrauliccontrolsystem,eachcontrollooparethecorrespondingnumberwiththesystemWithmechanicaltransmission,electricaltransmissioncomparedtothehydraulicdrivehasthefollowingadvantages:1,avarietyofhydrauliccomponents,caneasilyandflexiblytolayout.2,lightweight,smallsize,smallinertia,fastresponse.3,tofacilitatemanipulationofcontrol,enablingawiderangeofsteplessspeedregulation(speedrangeof2000:1).4,toachieveoverloadprotectionautomatically.5,thegeneraluseofmineraloilasaworkingmedium,therelativemotioncanbeself-lubricatingsurface,longservicelife；6,itiseasytoachievelinearmotion/7,itiseasytoachievetheautomationofmachines,whenthejointcontroloftheuseofelectro-hydraulic,notonlycanachieveahigherdegreeofprocessautomation,andremotecontrolcanbeachieved.Theshortcomingsofthehydraulicsystem:1,asaresultoftheresistancetofluidflowandleakageofthelarger,solessefficient.Ifnothandledproperly,leakageisnotonlycontaminatedsites,butalsomaycausefireandexplosion.2,vulnerableperformanceasaresultoftheimpactoftemperaturechange,itwouldbeinappropriateinthehighorlowtemperatureconditions.3,themanufactureofprecisionhydrauliccomponentsrequireahigher,moreexpensiveandhencetheprice.4,duetotheleakageofliquidmediumandthecompressibilityandcannotbestrictlythetransmissionratio.5,hydraulictransmissionisnoteasytofindoutthereasonsforfailure；theuseandmaintenancerequirementsforahigherleveloftechnology.Inthehydraulicsystemanditssystem,thesealingdevicetopreventleakageoftheworkofmediawithinandoutsidethedustandtheintrusionofforeignbodies.Sealsplayedtheroleofcomponents,namelyseals.Mediumwillresultinleakageofwaste,pollutionandenvironmentalmachineryandevengiverisetomalfunctioningmachineryandequipmentforpersonalaccident.Leakagewithinthehydraulicsystemwillcauseasharpdropinvolumetricefficiency,amountingtolessthantherequiredpressure,cannotevenwork.Micro-invasivesystemofdustparticles,cancauseorexacerbatefrictionhydrauliccomponentwear,andfurtherleadtoleakage.Therefore,sealsandsealingdeviceisanimportanthydraulicequipmentcomponents.Thereliabilityofitsworkandlife,isameasureofthehydraulicsystemanimportantindicatorofgoodorbad.Inadditiontotheclosedspace,aretheuseofseals,sothattwoadjacentcouplingsurfaceofthegapbetweentheneedtocontroltheliquidcanbesealedfollowingthesmallestgap.Inthecontactseal,pressedintoself-seal-styleandself-styledself-tightseal(ie,sealedlips)two.Thethreehydraulicsystemdiseases.1,asaresultofheattransmissionmedium(hydraulicoil)intheflowvelocityinvariouspartsoftheexistenceofdifferent,resultingintheexistenceofaliquidwithintheinternalfrictionofliquidsandpipelinesatthesam-etimethereisfrictionbetweentheinnerwall,whicharearesultofhydraulicthereasonsfortheoiltempera-ture.Temperaturewillleadtoincreasedinternalandexternalleakage,reducingitsmechanicalefficiency.Atthesametimeasaresultofhightemperature,hydraulicoilexpansionwilloccur,resultinginincreasedcom-pression,sothatactioncannotbeverygoodcontroloftransmission.Solution:heatistheinherentcharacte-risticsofthehydraulicsystem,notonlytominimizeeradication.Useagoodqualityhydraulicoil,hydraulicpipingarrangementshouldbeavoidedasfaraspossibletheemergenceofbend,theuseofhigh-qualitypipeandfittings,hydraulicvalves,etc.2,thevibrationofthevibrationofthehydraulicsystemisalsooneofitsmalaise.Asaresultofhydraulicoilinthepipelineflowofhigh-speedimpactandthecontrolvalvetoopentheclosureoftheimpactoftheprocessarethereasonsforthevibrationsystem.Strongvibrationcontrolactionwillcausethesystemtoerror,thesystemwillalsobesomeofthemoresophisticatedequipmenterror,resultinginsystemfailures.Solutions:hydraulicpipeshouldbefixedtoavoidsharpbends.Toavoidfrequentchangesinflowdirection,cannotavoiddampingmeasuresshouldbedoingagoodjob.Theentirehydraulicsystemshouldhaveagooddampingmeasures,whileavoidingtheexternallocaloscillatoronthesystem.3,theleakageofthehydraulicsystemleakintoinsideandoutsidetheleakageleakage.Leakagereferstotheprocesswiththeleakoccurredinthesystem,suchashydraulicpiston-cylinderonbothsidesoftheleakage,thecontrolvalvespoolandvalvebody,suchasbetweentheleakage.Althoughnointernalleakageofhydra-ulic