高考自主招生英语翻译.doc

翻译翻译题是高校自主招生测试部分的新增题型，主要考查考生的英译汉能力，要求考生将一篇200到300词的短文译成中文，或在一篇文章中划出若干句子译成中文。高校自主招生的翻译部分主要有一下特点：主要考查考生对文章的理解、基础语法以及常见的句式和短语的掌握和运用。内容专业性不强，不需要专业理论知识。题目内容既没有高难度的新闻翻译、文学翻译，也不涉及科技经贸翻译中的专业知识，只是一般的文章翻译，与其说是测试考生的翻译能力，不如说是测试考生的英语语言能力，尤其是对原文理解能力更确切，因此谈不上翻译的“信、达、雅”标准。翻译时要通读并透彻理解通篇文章、整个句子。判断句子是简单句还是复杂句，然后弄清句子的主干和修饰成分。要特别注意英语的逻辑思维。最后审核，这是不可缺少的一个重要环节，而且在最后审核时一定要结合整篇文章来进行，这样才能检查出译文在理解和表达上有什么问题，是否有错误和误译，以便及时改正。用词要规范：尽量使用书面语言，通俗易懂的词。少用俚语、生僻词或陈词滥调，以免影响效果。用词要简洁有力：简洁是为了清晰，译文中多余的词不但不能增强语言的表现力，反而使语言显得累赘。因此翻译时要避免用词重复啰嗦。真题导入一（北京大学2010年）1与其诅咒黑暗，不如点亮蜡烛。(better)2能源危机对全球经济有消极作用，导致经济衰退。(impact)试题精解参考译文1.Bettertolightonecandlethantocursethedarkness.2.Energycrisishasanegativeimpactontheglobaleconomy,leadingtoeconomicrecession.真题导入二（北京大学2007年）I.TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinthefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Thankstotheworkofmanyscientists,wearenowclearthatmanyoftheimportantearthquakeregionsareplaceswherethemovementsofplatesarehappeningandtherefore,itbecomesmucheasiertolookforsignsthatanearthquakeiscomingsoon.(1)Inthepastfewyears,therehasbeengreatexcitementaboutthepossibilityoffindingoutwhenearthquakesaregoingtohappenbymeasuringchangesintherocks,butwearestillnotsurewhetherthiscanbethebasisforanefficientmeansofpredictingearthquakes.Butfurtherresearchonthissubjectmaysuggestwaysinwhichearthquakescanbepredictedand.prevented.(2)Oneideaisthatitmightbepossibletoreducethepressuresthathavebuiltupinrocksbypumpinginwaterathighpressure,thusproducingawetsurfaceonwhichthetwooppositesideofthefaultcanslide(movesmoothly).Nowthequestionisthatnobodyisquitesurewhattheresultsmightbe.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishwiththewordsorexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.1宴会举行到一半酒就喝光了，我们本该事先多买些的。(should)2几个小时以后，他双手捧着一块漂亮的布走了出来。(with)3还在中学读书的时候，他就显示出很强的工作能力。(show)4当他听见很多人在外面跑来跑去，他走到窗边往外看。(hear)专题精解参考译文I(1)在过去几年里，人们对于依靠测量岩石的变化预告地震的发生怀有极大的兴趣。但是我们至今不能肯定，这种方法是否能被当作有效预测地震的基础。(2)一种想法是，通过高压注水以减轻岩石层累积的压力，注水会使得表面潮湿，这样断层的两面就可以平滑移动（平稳地移动）。.1.Thewinewasdrunkupduringthebanquet；weshouldhaveboughtmore.2.Hourslater,hecameoutwithabeautifulclothholdinginhands.3.Eveninmiddleschool,heshowedgreatcapacityforwork.4.Hewenttothewindowwhenheheardmanypeoplerunningaroundoutside.真题导入三（“五校联考”样题2010年）TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.有人说成功取决于性格，但我认为什么性格都可能成功，关键是要分析自己的实际，做自己喜欢并擅长的事。这样，你才会坚持，不畏艰难，不轻易改变方向。这时，成功离你就不远了。专题精解Somepeoplesaythatonessuccessisdeterminedbyhispersonality.ButIbelievethatonecansucceedregardlessofthetypeofpersonheis.Thekeytosuccessis,firstofall,toknowyourselfwellandthenfindsomethingyoubothliketodoandaregoodatdoing.Inthatcaseyouwillmostlikelyholdontothethingwithoutgivingintoanydifficulties.Ifyousticktoitwithoutchangingthedirection,youwillnotbefarawayfromsuccess.模拟训练Test1Directions:ReadthefollowingessayandputitintoChinese.Assupplierofmostofthefoodweeatandofrawmaterialsformanyindustrialprocesses,agricultureisclearlyanimportantareaoftheeconomy.Buttheindustrialperformanceofagricultureisevenmoreimportantthanthis.Forinnationswheretheproductivityoffarmersislow,mostoftheworkingpopulationisneededtoraisefoodandfewpeopleareavailableforproductionofinvestmentgoodsorforotheractivitiesrequiredforeconomicgrowth.Indeed,oneofthefactorsrelatedmostcloselytothepercapitalincome(人均收入)ofanationisthefractionofitspopulationengagedinfarming.Inthepoorestnationsoftheworldmorethanhalfofthepopulationlivesonfarms.Thiscomparessharplywithlessthan10percentinWesternEuropeandlessthan4percentintheUnitedStates.Inshort,thecourseofeconomicdevelopmentingeneraldependsinafundamentalwayontheperformanceoffarmers.Thisperformanceoffarmersinturn,dependsonhowagricultureisorganizedandontheeconomicenvironment,ormarketstructure,withinwhichitfunction.InthefollowingpagestheperformanceofAmericanagricultureisexamined.Itisappropriatetobeginwithaconversationofitsmarketstructure.Test2中译英（备考题型：部分高校开始考四、六级翻译题型Directions：CompletethefollowingsentencesonAnswerSheetbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.1.Myteacheralwaysscoldusevenformakingasmallmistake,Ithinkshedoesntrealizethat_（人人都有缺点）2.Notuntilthetrainstartedtomove（我才停止哭泣）3.Isuggestedhe(使自己适应)hisnewconditions4（他把自己奉献给社区工作）andispassionateaboutwhatheisdoing5.Shealways（表现很差）whenherauntcomestovisit.Test31Allpupils,(不考虑年龄)，areinvitedtojointheclub.2.（正是由于她太没有经验）thatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththesituation.3.Ifyouhad(听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦)4.Iregrettedhavingboughtthiscarbecause（其性价比差）5.WhenSandyrecoveredfromcancer,herdoctor（把此归因于她对未来的信念）Test41.Thenumberofthestudentsinthiscityhas(增加了6倍）incomparisonwith2001.2（尽管Jack残废了），heneverfeltfrustrated3.（我们没有人料到主席会出现）atthepartyWethoughthewasstillinhospital.4.Ihavenoobjection(再听听你的故事）5（看在玛丽的份上），Icanlendyoumycartogetaroundyourtransportproblem.真题导入一（清华大学2009年）将杜甫的旅夜书怀翻译成英文。细草微风岸，危樯独夜舟。星垂平野阔，月涌大江流。名岂文章著，官因老病休。飘飘何所似，天地一沙鸥。专题精解遇到这种古诗文的翻译，不妨先运用自己的语文知识将诗句转化成我们的日常用语，然后再进行翻译，译稿可以只注重内容的对应。参考译文ASojournersEvenSongDuFuFrailgrass,softwind,attheshore；Tallmast,loneboat,intheeventide.Starsdangleoertheplainsovast；Moonsurgingontheriverwide.WillIbeknownformywritingsalone?Oneshouldserveuntilonedies!Drifting,drifting,whatsitlike?Asinglesandgulltwixttheearthandskies.（TranslatedbyTommyW.KTao，陶永强）真题导入二（清华大学2008年）将下面一段古文，请先译成现代汉语，再将其译为英文并做评论。小说家者流，盖出于稗官，街谈巷语，道听途说者之所造也。孔子日，“虽小道，必有可观者焉；致远恐泥，是以君子弗为也。”然亦弗灭也，闾里小知者之所及，亦使缀而不忘，如或一言可采，此亦刍荛狂夫之议也。专题精解参考译文（现代汉语）小说家这个流派，大概出自收集里巷风俗的稗官。他们把在街头巷尾听到的谈论，在大路或小道上听来的传闻记录下来，从而形成这个流派。孔子说：“虽然是小道理，也一定有值得看一看的。但用在远大的事业上恐怕就窒碍不通了。因此君子不作这样的事。”然而这一流派也没有消失。小说家宣扬的是住在小街小巷的小有知识的人所看到的道理，把它们记录下来以免忘记。有时其中也有某一两句值得执政者采纳的话，这也好比听听割草打柴的人或疯疯癫癫的人的议论一样。参考译文（英语）Novelistsusedtobegovernmentofficialsatlowposition.Theirstorieslargelycamefromthegossipsandrumorsspreadaroundstreetsandalleys.Confuciussaid,“Evenininferiorstudiesandemploymentsthereissomethingworthbeinglookedat；butifitbeattemptedtocarrythemouttowhatisremote,thereisadangeroftheirprovinginapplicable.Therefore,thesuperiormandoesnotpracticethem.”However,thisschoolhadnotbeensuppressed.Infact,whatthenovelistsadvocatedwasthecommonknowledgethateventhelowestmembersofsocietycouldplainlysee.Theyrecordeditdownforfearthatitmightbeforgottenoneday.Sometimestherewereilluminatingcommentsinstoriesthatsworthyadoptingbypoliticalleaders.Thiswayoftakingadviceislikehearinglaborersuchasgrassorwoodcuttersorsomelunatictalking.参考评论Thispassagewastakenfrom"Treatiseonliterature"oftheBookofHancompiledbyChinesehistorianandpoetBanGuItdiscussedtheschoolofnovelistsinancientChina.Novelistsatthattimedidnotenjoyahighsocialstatusliketoday,andtheirworkswereregardedasaninferiorstudybysageslikeConfucius.Nevertheless,theresvaluableinformationinthestorieswrittenbythenovelists.Themainreasonisthatthematerialsgatheredbythenovelistswerelargelycomefromthetalkofcommonpeople.出处汉书艺文志"Treatiseonliterature"oftheBookofHan模拟训练TestlDirections:ReadthefollowingessayandputitintoChinese.Timewas-andnotsomanyyearsago,either-whentheaveragecitizentookaprettydimviewofbanksandbanking:Thatthiswasso,itshouldbesaid,wastonosmallextentthefaultofbanksandbankersthemselves.Banksusedtobe-andafewstillare-forbiddingstructures.Behindthelittlebarredwindowswere,moreoftenthannot,elderlygentlemenwhoseexpressionoffriendlinessreflectedthesizeofthecustomersaccount,andnothinglessthanafewhundredthousandinthebankcouldhaveinspiredthesuggestionofasmile.Andyettheaveragebankformanyyearswas,totheaveragecitizen,afearful,ifnecessary,instrumentfordealingwithbusiness-usuallybigbusiness.Butsomewhereinthepastquartercentury,banksbegantogrowhuman,evenpleasant,andstartedtoattractthelittleman.Itispossiblethatthismovementbeganinmedium-sizedtowns,orinsmalltownswherepeopleknoweachotherbytheirfirstnames,andspreadtobigtowns.Atanyrate,theresultshavebeenremarkable.Themovementto“humanize”banks,ofcourse,receivedabigpushduringthewar,whenmoreandmorewomenwereemployedtodoworkpreviouslyperformedbymen.Alsomoreandmore“little”peoplefoundthemselvesinneedofpersonalloans,astaxesbecameheavierandas