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机械毕业设计英文翻译
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英文翻译外文文献翻译362往复式发动机,机械毕业设计英文翻译
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0 外文翻译 外文翻译原文： The Reciprocating Engine My Internet research eventually led me to the American Stirling Company While cruising their website for engine kits I ran across， an ad that said they wanted a technical writer who would trade some writing of instructional material and plans for engine kits I shot them a quick email I am a technical writer in my day job， and I write instructional material for computer software Now that I was designing my own Stirling engines， I thought I would be a perfect match for them!Well， I didn t end up working for them， but after a few conversations with the owner of the company I was on a mission to complete my quest for a hand built LTD Stirling engine， and I was going to write a book about it at the same time Brent Van Arsdell of The American Stirling Company was very helpful He gave me some very good advice about how to increase the efficiency of my engine designs He knew a lot a bout friction He knew how to calculate its impact， and how to overcome some of the problems it can cause He didn t really need a technical writer any more， but he did offer me some great encouragement on my efforts to design an efficient hand built engine He suggested that if I could build a Stirling engine that met these criteria， it would make a great selling nts 1 book Here is what my designs had to do： The engine had to run from the heat of a warm hand The engine had to be made from common materials that would be easy for anyone to obtain It had to be affordable to build It had to be built without the aid of a machine shop I could only use the kinds of tools that most folks already have in their garage I stumbled across the website of an engineer in France who was working on a similar project The only problem was the website was entirely in French!I had a brief email exchange with the author and asked him if his website was available i n English He replied。“ Sorry no It is hard enough to explain in French! But I gleaned a lot of helpful hints from his pictures and from his text，thanks in part to tools like the Google Translator My previous design attempt had been troubled by friction and by pressure leaks With gems of wisdom from Brent and some neat tricks on the French site 1 was able to create a design that reduced the number of friction points and eliminated the pressure leaks My first original Stirling engine was born!The first design was a reciprocating engine That means the flywheel does not spin continuously in the same direction， but rocks back and forth as it runs It is efficient enough to run from the heat of my hand nts 2 And remember， I constructed the engine you see here (and several others) while recovering from back surgery I was under Dr. S orders to not bend over，don t lift anything more than 10 pounds， and don t pick up anything off of the floor Those restrictions presented some interesting challenges Especially when tiny parts would jump off the table and land on the floor I took over half the dining room table for this project， which is where most of my assembly work was done There were just a few times I felt it was better to move into the shop for a construction step All of my tools and materials fit in a medium sized storage tub for those times when the table was needed for more mundane thinks， Like eating You may recall that before I ventured near the LTD engine designs， I started by first building a pop can Stirling engine Building a pop can Stirling engine is a great way to start， and I highly recommend it The most popular set of plans on the Internet are posted by the Stephen F Austin State University in East Texas You may be able to find the nts 3 plans if you search the web for SFA Stirling Engine Project. The pop can engine is easy to build and is a very forgiving design It will teach you how the Stirling cycle works while giving you lots of success My early efforts with the pop can engine and my first attempt at an LTD design taught me several important lessons that went into the design of the three engines here： Friction is the enemy The more moving parts you have， the more friction you have Pressure leaks have a high impact on LTD designs The point where the displacer shaft enters the pressure chamber in a traditional Stirling engine creates friction and a leak Both contribute to a loss of power Precision is required， especially at the sliding points like pistons and the displacer pushrod gland Balance is critical An out of balance flywheel consumes more energy than it provides， and balancing them is not as easy as one first thinks Best of all， I learned the Stirling cycle I learned friction is the enemy Every point where 2 moving parts touch is a friction point Even though my friction appeared to be nonexistent， it wasn t The piston arrangement on the Coffee Cup Engine nts 4 worked， but it had some friction And the displacer pushrod made noise as it passed in and out of the pressure， chamber gland I knew noise comes from vibration， and vibration comes from friction Some of the first flywheels I made would spin freely on their bearings for 4 or 5 seconds and appeared to be working well I didn t realize how much friction was present until I created my first flywheel on averticalaxle and gave it a spin I could get it to coast for about 2 minutes!In the micro horsepower world of model Stirling engines it takes only a small amount of friction to have a huge impact on performance I learned pressure leaks will rob you of precious power A tiny pressure leak will help a Stirling engine equalizeto match the changing barometric pressure， or help it bleed off a little excess pressure as the average temperature rises in the engine But with that advantage comes a loss of power My little engine needed all the power it could muster， especially for the lower temperature differentials I wanted it to run on Some miniscule pressure leaks seemed impossible to avoid，such as where a moving shaft must pass through the wall of the pressure chamber I eventually found a way to use magnets to replace that pushrod so now my pressure chamber is completely sealed I learned that balance is a difficult science A typical design has a nts 5 rotating flywheel that lifts the displacer up and down You add a little weight to one side of the flywheel in order to compensate for the weight of the displacer You place the weight opposite of the load so that when the displacer is moving up， the counterbalance is moving down This makes the displacer motion almost effortless I have used this technique to successfully reduce vibration and wobble， but I have never been able to completely eliminate it I needed to create a design that did not require the flywheel to lift anything If it wasn t lifting anything， balance would not be a problem So now the challenge is to apply these lessons to the building of an LTD engine Lower temperature differential means this engine will have less power than the pop can engine This means it will have to have more precision， less friction， and a straightforward application of the Stirling cycle And I have to do this without the aid of a machine shop! nts 6 外文翻译中文： 往复式发动机 我对于互联网的研究，最终导致我进入了美国斯特林公司。而当我看到一个巡航网站引擎的时候，我看到一个广告，说他们想要一个专业作家会写一些教学材料和计划引擎之类的东西。我很快的给他们发了一封电子邮件。我每天的工作就是技术研究，和我写的教学材料的计算机软件。 现在我在设计我自己的斯特林的引擎，我认为我跟他们将是一个完美的绝配！好吧，我最终并没能为他们工作，但经过几次和公司的老板的交谈，我的使命是要完成我的任务一手建立有限公司斯特林发动机，我准备写一本关于它的书在同一时间。 布兰特凡对于美国斯特林公司是很 有帮助的。他给了我一些非常好的建议就如何提高我的最新设计的效率。他对于摩擦了解得很多。他知道如何计算它的影响，以及如何克服一些问题，它能使他不真实。他并不真正需要的任何一个技术作家，但他给我很大的鼓励让我努力设计一个有效的系统建立引擎。他建议，如果我能建造斯特林发动机，并且符合这些标准，它将是一本伟大的畅销书。这是我的设计所做的了： 引擎运行必须从温热的手热进行。 发动机必须是普通的材料，这样任何人都能轻松获得。 nts 7 它的建立必须负担得起。 它必须建立的援助没有一个商店。我只可以使用里面的工具，而是大多 数人已经在他们的车库。 我偶然发现网站工程师在法国进行了类似的项目。唯一的问题是，该网站是完全在法国！我有发一个简短的电子邮件与作者交流，问他如果他的网站提供者是英国人会怎么样。他回答：“对不起，这在法国是难以解释的！” 但我收集了很多有用的提示，从他的照片，从他的文字，部分由于工具如谷歌翻译。我以前的设计尝试已受到摩擦和压力泄漏的困扰。与智慧的宝石从布兰特和一些技巧在法国网站是能设计出一个红探讨一些摩擦点和消除压力泄漏。我的第一个原始斯特林发动机是天生的！第一个设计是一个往复式发动机。这意味着 飞轮旋转不连续在同一方向，但可以绕着来回跑。它可以从我的手热所提供的效率。 但是请记住，我构建引擎你从这里看（或者其他）显然是从背部下手的。我是对在医生的命令下不能弯腰，不提任何超过 10 磅，而且不接地板上的东西限制的人提出了一些有趣的挑战。尤其是当微小的部分会跳下桌子，落在地板上的时候。 我花了一半以上的餐桌的时间，为了这个项目，这时候我的大多数装配工作已经完成了。有几次，我觉得这是为了更好地进入商店，为建设关键一步。我所有的工具和材料，适合装在一个中等大小的存储桶的时候被需要更多的世俗认为，那是喜 欢吃。 nts 8 你可能还记得之前我冒险靠近发动机设计有限公司，那是我第一次开始建立一个易拉罐斯特林发动机。建设一个易拉罐的斯特林是一个伟大的开始方式，我要高度推荐它。目前最流行的一套计划是在互联网上张贴的由史蒂夫奥斯汀州立大学在东德克萨斯的研究。其实你也可以的，如果你能在网上搜索“国家林业局斯特灵项目”并且找到计划。易拉罐引擎是很容易建立，也是一个非常宽容的设计。它会教你如何在斯特林周期中取得更多的成功。 我用易拉罐引擎和我第一次尝试在一个公司设计的早期努力
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