常减压蒸馏设计说明书

I摘 要本设计为年处理 24 万吨焦油常减压蒸馏车间的初步设计。焦油蒸馏的目的是经过分离得出洗油、酚油、萘油等产品。通过对现有蒸馏工艺比较，选用了焦油常减压蒸馏工艺。对主要设备进行了物料衡算和热量衡算以及设计计算和设备选型，确定了塔径和塔高，并对塔板进行设计计算。本设计的主要设备有：馏分塔、圆筒式管式炉、一段轻油冷凝冷却器、萘油冷凝冷却器、洗油冷凝冷却器、二段轻油冷凝冷却器等。最后进行非工艺部分的简要论述，并绘制了带控制点的工艺流程图，馏分塔装配图，设备平立面布置图；完成该工艺三废处理与环境保护方面的设计和用水、用电等非工艺部分的设计任务。关键词 高温煤焦油 常减压蒸馏 馏分塔 洗油AbstractThis design is the preliminary design of the section of 240000 t/a tar atmospheric and vacuum distillation, Tar distillation aim is to come after separation wash oil, phenol oil, naphthalene oil products.By comparison to prior art, the choice of tar atmospheric and vacuum distillation processes. The main equipment for the material balance and heat balance calculations and equipment selection and design,determine the column diameter and tower height, and tray design calculations.The main equipment of this design is fraction tower, cylindrical tube furnace, a light oil cooler, naphthalene condensate oil cooler, oil cooler, two-stage light oil cooler.Finally, a brief discussion of non-technological part，and draw the process flow chart with control point,the distillation column chart and workshop layout;complete the process waste treatment and environmental protection aspects of the design and the water, electricity and other non-technological part of the design task.Keywords high temperature coal tar atmospheric and vacuum distillationdistillate tower wash oil 目 录摘 要 .IAbstract .II第 1章 绪论 .11.1 设计目的和意义 .11.1.1 毕业设计的目的和意义 .11.1.2 本设计的目的和意义 .11.2 产品的组成和成分及物性参数 .21.3 产品的质量指标和价格 .21.4 设计地点及气候参数 .4第 2章 工艺论证 .62.1 国内外工艺路线 .62.2 国外工艺发展情况 .62.2.1 减压蒸馏工艺 .62.2.2 常减压蒸馏工艺 .82.2.3 不加碱蒸馏工艺 .92.2.4 Castrop-Rauxel 焦油加工 工艺 .112.2.5 Zelzate 焦油加工工艺 .122.3 国内工艺发展情况 .122.3.1 一塔式焦油常压蒸馏工艺 .132.3.2 两塔式焦油蒸馏工艺 .132.4 结论 .152.5 主要设备论证 .152.5.1 管式加热炉 .152.5.2 蒸发器 .172.5.3 馏分塔 .18第 3章 工艺详述 .203.1 工艺形成背景 .203.2 工艺流程 .203.3 工艺存在问题 .24第 4章 工艺计算 .264.1 设备选择要点 .264.1.1 圆筒管式炉 .264.1.2 馏分塔 .264.2 物料衡算 .274.2.1 整个流程的物料衡算 .274.2.2 主要设备的物料衡算 .284.3 主要设备计算 .294.3.1 管式炉 .294.3.2 一段蒸发器 .314.3.3 二段蒸发器 .324.3.4 酚油塔 .334.3.5 馏分塔 .354.3.6 一段轻油冷凝冷却器 .384.3.7 二段轻油冷凝冷却器 .394.3.8 萘油冷凝冷却器 .414.3.9 洗油冷凝冷却器 .41第 5章 主要设备的计算及选型 .435.1 塔板数的计算 .435.1.1 下段的计算 .445.1.2 中段的计算 .465.1.3 上段的计算 .485.1.4 总塔板数的计算 .505.2 塔的工艺参数 .505.2.1 塔径 .505.2.2 塔高 .515.2.3 圆泡罩塔盘的设计 .515.2.4 板面布置 .525.2.5 塔板压降 .555.2.6 液冷情况 .565.2.7 鼓泡层高度 hf .575.2.8 排空时间 T .575.2.9 塔板负荷性能图 .585.3 容器附件 .605.3.1 人孔和手孔 .605.3.2 视镜 .605.3.3 液面计 .615.3.4 接管 .615.3.5 法兰 .615.3.6 筒体与封头壁厚 .615.4 其他设备的选型 .635.5 设备一览表 .68第 6章 非工艺部分 .746.1 焦油车间布置 .746.2 外部管道布置及保温防腐 .756.3 电气照明 .756.4 供热 .766.5 给水排水 .766.6 采暖通风除尘 .776.7 防火 .776.8 防爆 .776.9 土建 .776.10 机修 .786.11 焦油连续生产的检验 .78第 7章 岗位定员与经济核算 .807.1 岗位定员 .807.2 经济核算 .807.2.1 投资估算 .807.2.2 成本核算 .837.2.3 经济效益评估 .85第 8章 环境保护 .868.1 废水 .868.2 废渣 .868.3 废气 .86结论 .88致谢 .89参考文献 .90CatalogAbstract(chinese) .IAbstract.IIChapter 1 The introduction.11.1 Design purpose and significance.11.1.1 The purpose and significance of graduation design.11.1.2 The purpose and significance of this design .11.2 Composition and composition of the product and its parameters.21.3 Product quality index price .21.4 Design location and climatic parameters .4Chapter 2 Process demonstration.62.1 Process route at home and abroad.62.2 Foreign technological development .62.2.1 Vacuum distillation process .62.2.2 Atmospheric and vacuum distillation process .82.2.3 Without alkaline distillation.92.2.4 Castrop-RauxelTar processing.112.2.5 ZelzateTar processing .122.3 Domestic technology development.122.2.1 A process of atmospheric distillation tower Tar .132.3.2 Two tar distillation tower.132.4 Conclusion .152.5 Major equipment demonstration .152.5.1 Tubular heater .152.5.2 Evaporator.172.5.3 Distillate tower .18Chapter 3 Process details.203.1 Technology background.203.2 Technological process .203.3 Process problems and Solutions.24Chapter 4 Process calculation .264.1 Equipment selection Essentials .264.1.1 Tubular furnace .264.1.2 Distillate tower .264.2 Material balance.274.2.1 Material balance of the whole process.274.2.2 Material balance of main equipment.284.3 Main equipment calculation.294.3.1 Tube furnace .294.3.2 Evaporator section.314.3.3 Sec Evaporator .324.3.4 Carbolic oil tower .334.3.5 Distillate tower .354.3.6 A light oil condensate cooler .384.3.7 Two stage light oil condensate cooler .494.3.8 Naphthalene oil condensate cooler .414.3.9 Wash oil condensate cooler .41Chapter 5 Calculation and selection of main equipment .435.1 The calculation of plate number.435.1.1 Calculation of lower segment .445.1.2 Calculation of the middle segment .465.1.3 Calculation of the upper segment .485.1.4 Calculation of total number of tower plates.505.2 Process parameters of tower .505.2.1 Tower Drive .505.2.2 High tower.515.2.3 Round blister tray design .515.2.4 Board arrangement.525.2.5 Pressure drop .555.2.6 Liquid cooling conditions .565.2.7 Bubble layer height hf.575.2.8 Evacuation timeT .575.2.9 Tower load performance diagram .585.3 Container attachment .605.3.1 Manholes and handholes.605.3.2 Mirror.605.3.3 Level gauge.615.3.4 Nozzle .615.3.5 Flange.615.3.6 Cylinder and head wall thickness.615.4 Selection of other equipment .635.5 Equipment List.68Chapter 6 Non technological part.746.1 Tar shop layout.746.2 External insulation pipe layout and anti-corrosion .756.3 Electric lighting.756.4 Heating.766.5 Water supply and drainage .766.6 Heating, ventilation and dust removal .776.7 Fire prevention .776.8 Explosion-proof .77