语法练习形容词

,形容词、副词adjective adverb,形容词,形容词的句子成分形容词的构成形容词的位置形容词比较等级的用法,表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用。e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.,什么叫形容词?,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分,形容词担当的句子成分,He is a good student.I have something important to tell you.,当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后. e.g.,Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ?,作定语,The trees turn green in spring.We are alone on the island.,有些形容词只能作表语，不能作定语。,alone afraid awake asleep alive able,作表语,形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语,We must keep the classroom clean.,He made us happy.,作宾语补足语,Colour it green.,形容词的构成,形容词的构成,1.本身即为形容词的词（如: red, glad, nice）2.由“名词+y”构成 sun-sunny wind-windy fun-funny rain-rainy3.加后缀构成（如-able,-ent,-en,-al) advice- advisable comfort-comfortable nation-national education-educational wood-wooden gold-golden,4. 由“名词+ly”构成 friend朋友- friendly友好的 soldier战士- soldierly 英勇的5. 复合形容词的构成方法 所谓合成词，就是两个或两个以上的词构成一个词，合成形容词最常见的构成方法有以下几种：,6. 由动词的-形式和形式构成的形容词叫“分词性形容词”。,-ed adjectivesarmed boiled broken closed developed finished fixed hidden lost shut skilled improved-ing adjectives boring charming exciting frightening pleasing surprising tiring worrying interesting disappointing,附：名词变形容词的方法口诀： 名变形，有多种，下列情况最常用； 时间、称谓是一种，一般常把-ly用； 天气名词要记清，后缀-y变成形； 情感名词又一类，-ful是后缀。,EXERCISE1. It was a warm day. (sun)2. He is for Toms help .(thank) 3. The woman is almost to the orphan.（mother）4. As he is not ,he is always making mistakes. (care),sunny,thankful,motherly,careful,形容词的位置,形容词的位置,1. 单个形容词的位置多数情况放在所修饰的名词前，既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词，既可是单数，也可是复数，如：an interesting story 一个有趣的故事a red coat 一件红色的毛衣three difficult questions 三道难题a cup of hot water 一杯热水,2. 多个形容词的位置,一个以上形容词修饰名词时，一般按下列排列：the （a, an ones )(限定词）+描绘形容词+size（大小、长短、高低）+shape（形状）+age（时间、年龄）+colour（颜色）+origin（国籍、出处）+mate-rial（材料）+purpose（目的）+名词（中心词）。以上顺序也可以归纳成四句话来记忆： 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老， 颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。,记忆口诀,县：同“限”，指限定词。包括定冠词(the)、不定冠词(a, an)、表确定数量(three, five)和非确定数量的词(a lot of)，以及物主限定词(his, my)等。官：同“观”，指表示示人们观点的形容词(如beautiful，terrible, wonderful等)。刑：同“形”，指表示形状的形容词(如long，short，round等)。令：同“龄”，指表示年龄、时代的形容词(如old，new，young等)。杀：谐“色”，指表示颜色的形容词(如red，green, orange等)。国：同“国”，指表示国籍、地区的形容词(如Chinese, British，Canadian，German等)。豺：谐“材”，指表示材料的形容词(如plastic，metal，class等)。口诀粘在一起就是“县官刑令杀国豺”：一个县官，准备动刑，下令要杀一个危害国家的宛如豺狼的罪人。,a little red flower 一朵小红花 white cotton shirt 白棉布衬衫 a glittering gold ring 闪闪发光的金戒指 a beautiful red flag 一面漂亮的红旗 the little pink plastic doll 小小的粉红色的塑料娃娃,注意：两个或两个以上的形容词修饰名词时，除用上述规则外，通常把音节短的形容词放在前面。音节长的形容词放在后面，如：He is a tall and powerful man .他是一个高大有力的男人。, EXERCISE 1. Away went the boys. A. Italian three handsome B. three handsome Italian C. handsome three italian D. italian handsome three 2. Over there is lady. A. a beautiful young B. a young beautiful C. a beautifully young D. a young beautifully,3. Outside the temple theres bridge over the river. A. a fine stone old B. a stone old fine C. an old fine stone D. a fine old stone4. How was your recent visit to Qingdao？ It was great . We visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last,讲义：15页练习题,形容词比较等级的用法,a、原级的用法b、比较级的用法c、最高级的用法,a、原级的用法,A）“as+原级形容词+as” 表示前后两者的情况一样Marry is as honest as her sister.B）“not as/so+原级形容词+as” 表示前者不如后者She is not as/so honest as she used to be.,b、比较级的用法,A）“比较级+than+”表示一方超过一方或低于另一方的情况。Their office is smaller than yours.The population of Canada is smaller than that of Africa.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”Our country is getting stronger and stronger.,b、比较级的用法,“the +比较级，the+比较级”意为“越，越”The busier you are, the happier you feel.D）“the+比较级+of the two表示“两者中更的那一个”The larger of the two houses belongs to Mr. Black.“Which (who) is +比较级，A or B?” 表示“哪一个（谁）比较？”Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?,做题技巧：一者比较用原级，比较级限二者比，三者往上最高级。若甲乙程度相同，asas 结构体；若甲某方面不及乙， not so/asas来担起；中间形、副连接要切记！ 例：1. our English is very good. But my brother learns it much _than I do. A. good B. well C. better D. best 【析】在英语中，a little, a lot, much, even等词可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，故本题的正确答案是C项。,2. Dont worry. Your granny will get_. A. well and well B. better and better C. well and better D. good and well 【析】表示越来越 可以采用 比较级 比较级或more and more原级的结构，如果是单音节的形容词或副词， 则用前一结构；如果是多音节词，则可以用后一种结构，故本题的正确答案是B。,3. China is one of_ in the world. A. the oldest country B. the oldest countries C. much older country D. much older countries 【析】在英语中，要表示 其中最的之一，应使用one of形容词的最高级形式名词的复数形式 。根据题意，本题应选B项。,4.The girl doesnt run_ the boyA. much faster as B. as faster as C. more fast than D. so fast as 【析】在英语中，可以使用asas表示两者在某方面一样；用not so/asas表示两者在某方面不一样，以上两种结构都必须使用形容词或副词的原级。由以上分析可知本题的D项最符合题意。,倍数表达法,a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as。 I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。 b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size （amount，length） of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。,c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍。 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。,c、最高级的用法,A）“the+最高级+表示范围的短语或从句”结构表示形容词的最高级，其中定冠词the不可省略。Millia is the tallest girl in her class.表示比较范围时，in后常接单位、组织、团体等，与主语不属于同一范畴；of后所接内容与主语属同一范畴。Chongqing is the biggest city in China.Chongqing is the biggest city of all the cities in China.,c、最高级的用法,B）“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构表示“中最之一”。Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.C）“which( who) is the +形容词的最高级”结构表示“哪一个最”Which is the most beautiful season, spring, autumn or winter?,c、最高级的用法,D）比较级有时也可以表示最高级的概念比较级+than any other+单数名词 Australia has more beaches than any other country. 比较级+than anyone else / anything else Time is more valuable than anything else. 比较级+than all other +复数名词 Tom is taller than all other boys in his class.,形容词比较级和最高级的修饰语,形容词比较级和最高级的修饰语,The sun is much bigger than the moon.Tom is a little shorter than Peter.I feel a great deal better today.Your handwriting is far better than mine.Parents should give their kids a bit more time to themselves.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.Of the three girls, Betty is much the cleverest.Of all the students, Jacks oral English is almost the best.This is by far the best carton that Ive seen.,注意 no/ not + 比较 级 + than 的特殊含义,A is no more careful than B. A和B两人都不仔细。A is not more careful than B. A不如B仔细。,more. than与其说倒不如说It is more like a wall than a spear.They are more like father and son than teacher and student.more than + n. / num. / adj.There are more than fifty students in our class. He is more than a teacher; he is our friend.,高考真题 1. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. 2007 全国卷II A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite 2. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one. 2007 全国卷II A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known,解析:修饰比较级far.答案B,解析: well-known最高级best-known.答案C,3. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends. 2007 上海卷 A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully 4. John was dismissed last week because of his _ attitude towards his job. 2007 上海卷 A. informal B. casual C. determined D. earnest,解析:根据句意选择.答案B,解析: 注意but转折.答案D,1. The bread is _ than these cakes A. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious,2. Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump in the school sports meeting A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far,3. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed _A. happily B. happy C. happier D. happiest,C,C,Practice,A,4. In our city its _ in July ,but it is even _ in August A. hotter hottest B. hot hot C. hotter hot D. hot hotter 5. Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _ island in china. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest 6. An elephant is _ than a tiger . A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier,D,C,D,7. A horse is _ than a dog . A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy 8. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . She is _. A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless 9. Which subject is _ , physics or chemistry ? A. interesting B. most interesting C. more interesting D. the most interesting,C,D,C,10. He is _ enough to carry the heavy box . A. strong B. stronger C. much stronger D. the strongest 11. Li lei often talks _ but does _ so everyone says he is a good boy . A. less more B. few much C. more little D. little many 12. When the famous singer started to sing , everyone began to shout very _ . A. loudly B. loud C. heavily D. high,A,A,A,用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。,什么叫副词?,very, early, out, soon, quickly, etc.,副词的用法,四、副词的分类,副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g.,形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.,Attentions,Mount Qomolangma is the highest in th