初中英语《直接引语与间接引语》及习题

新课标初中英语直接引语与间接引语精品教案及习题说话人直接引用别人的原话叫直接引语。说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来叫间接引语。(一)、如何变人称：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新 ”“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said, “My brother wants to go with me.“She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?“He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr. Smith said。 “Jack is a good worker.“Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.(二)、如何变时态：( 仅限于主句的谓语动词是一般过去时)直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。如：1)She said. “I have lost a pen.“ She said she had lost a pen.2)She said. “We hope so.“ She said they hoped so.3) She said. “He will go to see his friend。“She said he would go to see his friend.但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理、引用格言时。“The earth moves around the sun.” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?“ Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.“ Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, “I get up at six every morning.“ He said he gets up at six every morning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时， （例：could, should, would, might ）不再变。如：Peter said. “You had better come have today.“ Peter said I had better go there that 直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时day.(三)、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now 变为 then, yesterday 变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼” （例：this 改为 that),如：He said, “These books are mine.“ He said those books were his.直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语now then this thattoday that day指示代词these thosethis week(month) that week(month)地点状语 here thereyesterday the day before 动词 come gothe day before yesterday two days agoLast week(year) The week(year) beforeThree days(a year, years) agoThree days(a year, years)beforetomorrow The next(following) dayThe day after tomorrow Two days later(in two days time)时间状语Next week(year, month) The next(following)week(year, month)(四)、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句。如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether 或if 引导的宾语从句.如：He said, “Can you swim, John?“ He asked John if he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you?“ my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?“ He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序） 。She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?“ She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg 等) sb (not) to do sth.“句型。如：“Dont make any noise,“ she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,“ said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句） 。 ”如：He said, “Lets go to the film.“ He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语和间接引语正误例析1.“Speak English more often in and out of class， ” our English teacher said to us. Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class.Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. Our English teacher suggested that we （should ）speak English more often in and out of class. 简析：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带 to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据语气需要使用 ask，tell ，order 等动词，其句型是：ask/tell/order someone to do sth.，但是 suggest 不能接不定式作宾补，只能接-ing 形式或从句（从句用虚拟语气）作宾语。 2.“Dont play football on the street，little boys ， ” the policeman said. The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street. The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. 简析：如果直接引语是祈使句的否定式，变为间接引语时，要将其改为不定式的否定形式作宾补，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加 not，而不是加 do not，does not，did not 等。 3.“Would you please do me the favor to carry the box upstairs？” the young woman said to me. The young woman ordered me to carry the box upstairs for her. The young woman asked me to carry the box upstairs for her. 简析：直接引语是一些表示请求、建议的疑问句，变为间接引语时， 也变为不定式作宾语补足语。需要注意的是应根据原句的语气选用恰当的动词。因为此处原来的疑问句用的是很客气的语气，改写后不宜用 order。 4.“You clean the classroom after class today，Tom， ” said the monitor. The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day. The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. 简析：一般而言，祈使句是以动词原形开头的，但是如果说话人有意强调动作执行者，也可以在句首加上主语。我们在将其变为间接引语时不能将带有主语的祈使句与陈述句混淆起来。 5.“Its a fine day. Lets go to the country for a picnic， ” Peter said to me.Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic.Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him.简析：当直接引语中有多种句子形式如陈述句、祈使句、疑问句等时，我们就要用不同的方式将各种句子进行转述。因为原句中直接引语前面部分是陈述句，故变为由 that 引导的宾语从句，后面部分是祈使句所以变为不定式作宾补。6. “Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light traveled faster than sound.The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.直接引语是问句，变成间接引语时，主句中谓语 say 要变成 ask直接引语为祈使句变成间接引语时，要变成以下格式ask sb. (not) to do sth. （表示客气）tell sb. (not) to do sth. （命令性强于上面）order sb. (not) to do sth.（命令性最强）简析:直接引语为客观真理、格言时,变为间接引语,时态无需改变。7. Tom asks Mary, “Are you from America?”Tom asked Mary if she was from America.Tom asks Mary if she is from America.简析: 主句不是过去时，故从句等不需要作时态的变化。直接引语和间接引语练习I. 请选出正确的答案： 1. Where was Alices sister? I dont know where _.A. was Alices sister B. Alices sister was C. is Alices sister D. Alices sister is2. What did he say? I dont know what _.A. did he say B. he says C. he has said D. he said3. I dont know _.A. the reason why can be B. why the reason may be C. what the reason can be D. what the reason may be4. I wonder _ .which of the following is not the right choice?A. whether she will be fit for the job or not B. whether or not she will be fit for the jobC. if she will be fit for the job D. what she will be fit for the job5. Is Mr. Wu from Beijing? I dont know _.A. where does he come from B. from where does he come C. which city he comes from D. what city he comes from6. Can you make sure _?A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here todayC. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today7. Do you happen to know _?A. where is her address B. in which place is her address C. what her address is D. the place her address is8. Excuse me, but can you tell me _?A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library9. John asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him.A. how would I like B. if or not would I like C. whether I would like D. which I would like10. Id like to know _ Chinese.A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learnC. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn II. 将下列句子变为间接引语： 1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him. 2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children.”3. “I havent heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.”5. She said to him, “Its time that you left here.”6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st , 1921.”9. He said, “Are you a student?”10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said.11. “Shes here to ask for help, isnt she?” he asked.12. “Where are you going?” the father asked his son.13. “Are you sorry for what you have done?” the mother asked the naughty boy.14. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago