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八年级英语上册知识点总结教案 【知识梳理】 I.重点短语 .giveaconcert 2.falldown 3.goon 4.attheendof 5.goback 6.inahurry 7.writedown 8.comeout 9.alltheyearround 0.lateron 1.attimes 2.ringsb.up 3.HappyNewyear! 4.haveaparty 5.holdon 6.hearfrom 7.beready 8.atthemoment 9.takeout 20.thesameas 21.turnover 22.get-together 23.puton 24.takeaseat 25.waitfor 26.getlost 27.justthen 28.firstofall 29.gowrong 30.makeanoise 31.geton 32.getoff 33.standinline 34.attheheadof 35.laughat 36.throwabout 37.infact 38.atmidnight 39.enjoyoneself 40.haveaheadache 41.haveacough 42.fallasleep 43.againandagain 44.lookover 45.takeexercise II.重要句型 .begoodforsth. 2.Ithink 3.Ihope 4.Ilove 5.Idontlike 6.Imsure 7.forgettodosth. 8.takeamessageforsb. 9.givesb.themessage 0.helpyourselftosth. 1.befamousforsth. 2.ononeswayto 3.makeoneswayto 4.quarrelwithsb. 5.agreewithsb. 6.stopsb.fromdoingsth. III.交际用语 .whatstheweatherliketoday? 2.Itscold,butquitesuuny. 3.Howcolditistoday! 4.yes,butitllbewarmerlateron. 5.Shallwemakeasnowman? 6.eon! 7.HappyNewyear! 8.mayIspeaktoAnn,please?? 9.Holdon,please. 0.Thanksalotforinvitingmetoyourparty. 1.ok.ButImafraidImaybealittlelate. 2.canItakeamessageforyou? 3.Thatsok.Itdoesntmatter. 4.Imverysorry,butIcantcome. 5.Imsorrytohearthat. 6.Happybirthday! 7.wouldyoulike.?wouldyouliketo.? 8.Doyouthink.?yes,Ithinkso./No,Idontthinkso. 9.Doyouagree?yes,Iagree./No,dontreallyagree.Ireall ycantagree. 20.Thereareafew/alotof./onit. 21.Sodowe. 22.Imhappyyoulikeit. 23.whichisthewayto.,please? 24.Turnright/leftatthe.crossing. 25.Goonuntilyoureach. 26.HowcanIgetto.?Godown/up/alongthisroad. 27.whatsthematter? 28.Itlltakeyouhalfanhourto. 29.wedbettercatchabus. 30.Itmaybein.Ah,soitis 31.youmustbemorecareful! 32.youmustntcrosstheroadnow. 33.Ifyouwanttocrossastreet,youmustwaitforthegreenli ght. 34.Pleasestandinline. 35.youmustwaitforyourturn. 36.Ifyoudontgosoon,youllbelate. 37.Idontfeelverywell. 38.myheadhurts. 39.youmustnteatanythinguntilyouseethedoctor. 40.whatsthetrouble? 41.whatsthematterwith? 42.Shedidntfeellikeeatinganything. 43.Nothingserious. 44.Have/getapainin 45.Noproblem. 46.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday. IV.重要语法 .一般过去时; 2.反意疑问句的用法; 3.一般将来时; 4.感叹句; 5.简单句的五种基本句型; 6.情态动词 can,may 和 must,haveto 的用法; 7.时间状语从句和条件状语从句。 【名师讲解】 .above/over/on 这三个介词都表示“在之上” ,但含义不同。on 指 在某物的表面上,和某物接触;above 指在某物的上方,不 和某物接触,但也不一定在某物的正上方;over 指在某物 的正上方,不和某物接触。试比较: Thereisabookonthedesk.课桌上有一本书。 Iraisemyrighthandabovemyhead.我把右手高举过头。 Thereisastonebridgeovertheriver.河面上有座石桥。 2.forgettodosth./forgetdoingsth. forgettodosth.意思是“忘记做某事” ,实际上还没做; forgetdoingsth,意思是“忘记做过某事” ,实际上已经做 过了。试比较: Iforgottotellhimthenews.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。 Iforgottellinghimthenews.我已经把这条消息告诉他 了,我却忘了。 类似的词还有:remember,regret 等。 4.besuretodosth./besureof/aboutsb.orsth. besuretodosth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求, 意思是“务必” ,也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断,意思 是“一定” , “肯定” 。例如: Besuretolockthedoorwhenyouleave.你离开时务必把 门锁好。 Itsagoodfilm.youaresuretoenjoyit.这是一部好电 影,你肯定会喜欢的。 besureof/aboutsb.orsth. 可用来表示“某人对某事有把握” 。例如: Imsureofhissuccess.我相信他会成功。 Ithinkitwasthreeyearsago,butImnotsureaboutit. 我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握。 5.hearfrom/hearof hear 意思是“听到” ,从哪里听到要用 from 来表示。 例如: IveheardfromXiaowuthatwellstartoutmilitarytrain ingtomorrow. 我听小吴说,我们明天开始军训。 ListentothetapeandwriteoutwhatyouhearfromHanmei. 听录音,并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。 hearfrom 还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信” (=receivealetterfromsb.) 。例如: IheardfrommypenfriendintheU.S.A.lastmonth. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。 Iheardfromherlastweek.我上周接到了她的来信。 hearof 和和 hearfrom 含义不同。hearof 意思是“听 说” , “得知” (某事或某人的存在) ,常用在疑问句和否定 句里。例如: whoishe?Iveneverheardofhim.他是谁?我从来没有 听说过他。 Ineverheardofsuchathing!这样的事我从来没有听说 过。 6.Itsapleasure./withpleasure. Itsapleasure 这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的 答语,意思是“那是我乐意做的” 。例如: -Thankyouforhelpingme.谢谢你地帮助。 -Itsapleasure.那是我乐意做的。 -Thanksalot.Bye.非常感谢。再见。 -Itsapleasure.那是我乐意做的。再见。 类似的话还有“Notatall.” “youarewelcome.” “Thatsallright.” withpleasure 也用作客气的答语,主要用在别人要你 做某事,而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如: -willyoupleasepassmethenewspaper,please? 请你把报纸递给我好吗? -withpleasure. 当然可以。 7.seem/look 二者都可以作“看起来”讲,但 seem 暗示凭借一些迹 象作出的有根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实;look 着 重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟+形容词和 asif 从 句。如: Heseems/looksveryhappytoday.他今天看起来很高兴。 Itlooksasifititisgoingtorain.好像要下雨了。 但下列情况中只用 seem 不用 look: )后跟不定式 todo 时。如: Heseemstoknowtheanswer.他似乎知道答案。 2)在 Itseemsthat.结构中。如: Itseemsthatheishappiernowthanyesterday.他像比昨 天高兴些了。 8.bereadytodo/bereadyfor/getreadytodo/getreadyfor bereadytodo 和 bereadyfor表示“已作好的准备” , 强调状态 getreadytodo 和 getreadyfor表示“为做准备” , 强调行为。如: Imreadytodoanythingyouwantmetodo.我愿意/随时准 备做一切做你要我做的事。 Imreadyforanyquestionsyoumayask.我愿意/随时准 备回答你可能问的问题。 HesgettingreadytoleaveforTokyo.他正准备动身去 东京。 Letsgetreadyforthehardmoment.我们为这一艰难时 刻作好准备吧。 bereadytodo 通常可理解“乐于做某事” ,即思想上总 是有做某事的准备。benotreadytodo 表示 “不轻易做某事” 。如: Hesusuallynotreadytolistentoothers.他通常不轻 易听从别人。 9.attable/atthetable attable 在吃饭,atthetable 在桌子旁边。例如: TheGreensareattable.格林一家人在吃饭。 mr.Blackissittingatthetableandreadingabook.布莱 克先生坐在桌旁读书。 0.reach,arrive/getto 三者都有“到达“之意。reach 是及物动词,后直接加名 词,get 和 arrive 是不及物动词,不能直接加名词,须借 助于介词。getto 后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,to 去 掉;arriveat+小地方,arrivein+大地方。如: Lucygottothezoobefore8oclock.露西 8 点前到了动 物园。 whendidyourparentsarriveinShanghai?你父母何时到 上海的? ItwaslatewhenIgothome.我到家时天色已晚。 1.sick/ill 二者都是形容词。当“生病的,患病“之意时,ill 只 作表语,不作定语;而 sick 既可作表语也可作定语。sick 有“呕吐,恶心“的意思,只能作表语,而 ill 无此意。如: LiLeiwasilllastweek.李磊上周生病了。 Hesasickman.(作定语)他是病人。不能说成: Hesanillman. mygrandfatherwassickforamonthlastyear.(作表语) 我祖父去年病了一个 月。 2.intime/ontime intime 是“及时“的意思,ontime 是“准时,按时“。如: Ididntgettothebusstopintime.我没有及时赶上汽车。 wellfinishourjobontime.我们要按时完成任务。 3.maybe/maybe Itmaybeinyourinsidepocket.=maybeitisinyourinsidepoc ket.也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中 maybe 是情态动词 +be 动词构成的谓语部分,意思是“也许是“,“可能是“;第 二句中的 maybe 是副词,意思是“可能“,常位于句首,不 能位于句中,相当于另一副词 perhaps。再如: maybeyouputitinthatbag.也许你放在了那只包里。 (不能说 youmaybeputit inthatbag.) Itmaybeahat.那可能是顶帽子。 (不能说 Itmaybeahat. 或 Itmaybeisahat.) 4.noise/voice/sound noise 指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。voice 是指说话的 声音,嗓音,嗓子。sound 是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声 等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上 的声音。例如: Dontmakesomuchnoise!别那么大声喧哗! Ididntrecognizejohnsvoiceonthetelephone.在电 话里我听不出约翰的声 音。 Hespokeinalowvoice.他低声说话。 weheardastrangesound.我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。 Soundtravelsfast,butlighttravelsfaster.声音传得 快,但是光传得更快。 【考点扫描】 中考考点在本单元主要集中在: .一般过去时; 2.反意疑问句的用法; 3.一般将来时; 4.感叹句; 5.简单句的五种基本句型; 6.情态动词 can,may 和 must,haveto 的用法; 7.时间状语从句和条件状语从句; 8.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型; 9.本单元学过的日常交际用语。 考试形式可以是单项填空、完型天空、短文填空和完 成句子。 【中考范例】 . -Doyouknowifwewillgotothecinematomorrow? -Ithinkwellgoifwe_toomuchhomework. A.willhave B.had c.wonthave D.donthave 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是条件状语从句的时态。 在条件和时间状语从句里通常用一般现在是表示将来的动 作。 2. youhavebeentoTibet,_?Iwastoldthatthesnow- coveredmountainswereverybeautiful. A.haveyou B.haventyou c.dontyou 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是反意疑问句的构成。 反意疑问句的前一部分是肯定句,后一部分就应该是否定 的疑问部分,而且要和前一部分保持时态上的一致。 3. -jacky,lookatthatjapanesesumoist. -wow,_! A.Howafatman B.whatafatman c.Howfatman D.whatfatman 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是感叹句的构成。这个 感叹句省略了主谓部分,只保留了感叹部分。如果以 what 开头,就应该是 whatafatman!如果是 How 开头,就应该是 Howfat! 4. -Thanksforyourhelp. -_ A.Itdoesntmatter B.Dontthankme c.yourewelcome D.Thatsright 【解析】答案:c。该题考查的是日常交际用语。回答 别人的道谢通常用“Thatsallright.”或”you rewelcome.” 【满分演练】 一.选择填空 .Dontforget_yourbookheretomorrow. A.totake B.tobring c.taking D.bringing 2.mrsBrownwenttothecinema,_she? A.didnt B.doesnt c.wasnt D.isnt 3.Itwashalfpastfour.Everything_ready. A.is B.was c.are D.were 4.-HappyNewyear! -_. A.Thesametoyou B.Imgladtohearthat c.Imveryhappy D.Thankyou.Itsverykindofyou. 5.Igotuplateyesterday.There_notimetohavebre akfast. A.has B.had c.was D.is 6.Thankyoufor_metoyourparty. A.invite B.inviting c.toinvite D.invited 7.-ImsorryItookyourpenbymistakeyesterday. -_. A.Allright B.Thatsright c.Right D.Thatsallright 8.-Thankyouforshowingmetheway! -_. A.Thesametoyou B.Itdoesntmatter c.Itsapleasure D.Thatsright 9.-couldIuseyourcomputerforamoment? -_. A.Sure B.Really c.Right D.Itdoesntmatter 0.-Ijustlostmybike. -_. A.Iwishyoutobuyanewone B.youdbetterbuyanewone c.Imsorrytohearthat D.Itsalwaysnicetorideanewone 二.选择能代替句中划线部分的词语或短语 .whatsthematterwithyourmother? A.problem B.question c.message D.wrong 2.-Thankyouverymuch. -Itsapleasure. A.Imveryglad. B.Thatsright. c.Itdoesntmatter D.Notatall 3.whatishedoingatthemoment? A.now B.amomentago c.late Dlateron 4.Didyouhaveagoodtimeattheparty? A.staylong B.singanddance c.enjoyyourselfD.eatenough 5.-mayIspeaktojohn,please? -certainly. A.Sure. B.Ithinkso. c.Idloveto D.Thatsallright. 6.-couldIspeaktojim,please? -Sorry,heisntin. A.isathome B.isnotatwork c.isout D.isfree 7.Thereisnothingbutanoldtableintheroom. A.many B.some c.any D.only 8.whatstheweatherlike? A.when B.where c.why D.How 9.Pleaseletmelookatyourphoto. A.givemeB.passmec.bringmeD.showme 0.Pleaseaskhimtoringmeupwhenhecomesback. A.see B.help c.call D.thank 三.完形填空 whenI_1_inLondonlastyear,ithadoneofthethickestfog sinyears.youcould_2_seeyourhandin_3_ofyourfa ce.wheneveningfell,itbecameeven_4_.Alltraffic_5 _toastop.Idecidedtowalk. Afewminutes_6_,Icouldntfindmy_7_.ThenIsaway oungmanandaskedhimtohelpme.Heagreed.AsIwasfollowing him_8_thestreets,hetoldme,“IknowthispartofLondon quitewell.Andthethickfog_9_tome.yousee,Im_10_ _.” .A.is B.was c.am D. are 2.A.easily B.hard c.hardly D.even 3.A.front B.thefront c.back D.theback 4.A.bad B.worse c.good D.better 5.A.began B.started c.went Dcame 6.A.late B.later c.early D.earlier 7.A.road B.way c.street D.home 8.A.along B.in c.throughD.by 9.A.isnotgood B.doesgood c.isnothing D.hassomething 0.A.strong B.week c.blind D.clever 四.阅读理解 johnwasaveryfamouspianist.whenhewasasmallboy,heonce playedatapartyatthehomeofarichman.Hewasonlyeightyea rsold.Buthehadplayedforseveralyears.Atthepartyhepla yedafamouspiecebyBeethoven.Heplayedwonderfully. Thefamouspiecehasinitseveralverylongrests.Ineachoft heserestshetookhishandsfromthepianoandwaited.Tohimt hiswasveryexciting.Butitseemedthatthemotheroftheric hmanthoughtdifferently.Finallyduringoneoftheserests shecameovertohim.Shetouchedhimontheheadwithasmilean dsaid,“myboy,why dontyouplayuswhatyouknowwell?” 根据短文内容判断正误:正确的答“A” ,错误的答 “B”。 .johnonceplayedthepianoatapartywhenhewasonlyalittle boy. 2.johnbegantoplaythepianoattheageofeight. 3.Ineachoftherestsjohntookhishandsfromthepianobecau sehefelttired. 4.Therichmansmotherdidnotthinkjohnplayedthepiecew ell. 5.Infactthemotheroftherichmanknewthepiecewell. oneday,wehadanEnglishclass.Theteachersawaboyreading apicturebookandsaid,“Tom,whatdoyouusuallydoafterlu nch?”Tomnervouslygotupfromhisseat,buthedidnotknoww hattoanswer.Hethoughtforsometimeandthensaid,“waitf orsupper.” Theteacherwasdispleasedandjustatthatmoment,hesawano therboyasleep.Theteacherwasgettingalittleangrynow,b uthewastryingnottoshowit.Thenheasked,“Andyou,joke? ” Asjokewasasleep,ofcourse,hecouldnothearwhattheteach erhadsaid.Hisdeskmatewokehimup.jokestoodupquicklyan dansweredinaloudvoice,“SodoI”. .Thisstoryhappened_. A.intheteachersoffice B.afterlunch c.inclass D.ahome 2.Tomsanswermadetheteacher_. A.angry B.displeased c.surprising D.laughing 3.Theteacheraskedjoke_. A.whathewantedtodoafterclass B.whathedidinclass c.thesamequestionasheaskedTom D.tohelpTom 4.jokesanswermeantthat_. A.heknewwhattodoandwhatnottodoafterlunch B.hedidthesamethingasTomdid c.hereadapicture-book D.hedidmanythingsafterlunch 5.Fromtheabovestorywecanseethat_. A.jokedidnotknowwhatquestiontheteacherhadasked B.Tomdidwellinhislessons c.jokewasgoodathislessons D.Tomandjokeworkedhardattheirlessons mrsBlack,thewifeofarichbusinessman,invitedsomeofher friendstohave lunch.Shewantedtotryanewwayofcookingafish,andshewas verypleasedwith herselfwhenthedishwasready.Asthedishwasveryhot,shep utitneartheopen windowtocoolforafewminutes.But,fiveminuteslater,whe nshecamebackforit, shewasshockedtofindtheneighbourscatatthedish.Shew asintimetostop thecar.Thatafternoonwassuccessfulandeveryoneenjoyed thedishverymuch. Theytalkedandlaughedtillfouroclock. Attheendoftheafternoon,whenshewasaloneagain,mrsBlac kfelttiredand happy.Shewasinachairjustnearthewindow.Shelookedouto fthewindowand shockedtoseetheneighbourscatdeadinhergarden.why,t hefishdishmustbebad! whatwouldhappentoherfriends?Sheatoncetelephonedthef amilydoctorfor advice.Thedoctortoldhertotelephoneeachofthevisitors tomeethimatthe hospitalassoonashecould.Finallythedangerwasover.onc eagainmrsBlackwas aloneinherchairinthesitting- room,stilltiredbutnolongerhappy.justthenthe telephonerang.Itwasherneighbour.“oh,mrsBlack,”her neighbourcried,“mycat isdead.Shewaskilledbysomeoneinacarandputitinyourgar den.” .mrsBlackinvited_tolunch. A.mrBlacksfriends B.herneighbour c.herparents D.someofherfriends 2.whywasmrsBlacknothappyaftershehadagoodparty? A.Shewassadaboutthedeadcat. B.Shefoundherfishdishwasbad. c.Sheneverthoughtthatshewouldhavesomuchtrouble. D.Shefelttiredaftershehadabusyda

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