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泄露天机2015年江西省高考押题 精粹 英语 本卷共18题,三种题型:阅读理解、英语知识运用和写作。阅读理解10小题,英语知识运用4小题,写作4小题。第一部分 阅读理解 (共10小题)第一节 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中,选出最佳选项,并在题卡上将该项涂黑。a1 a report from the american academy of arts and sciences commission reveals that, due to a job market which disproportionately rewards graduates in stem (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields, more and more students are seeking degrees in business and hard-science subjects. some institutions have responded by cutting budgets in the arts and humanities and directing those funds elsewhere. thats the wrong thing to do. the humanities study of languages, literature, history, philosophy, religion, ethics, etc.-and the arts are vital to our future. we should be investing more funds, more time and more expertise, not less, into these endeavors. what detractors(诋毁者) of the soft subjects miss is that the arts and humanities provide an essential framework and context for understanding the wider world. studying the humanities strengthens the ability to communicate and work with others. it allows students to develop broad intellectual and cultural understanding; it nurtures creativity and deepens participation in public discourse and modem democracy. the commissions report points out that at the very moment when china is seeking to adopt our model of broad education in the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences as a stimulus to invention, the united states is instead narrowing our focus and abandoning our sense of what education has been and should continue to be our sense of what makes america great. these are the telling statistics: first, federal funding for helping american students include international training in their education has been cut 41 percent in four years. second, the national assessment of educational progress test shows that only less than a quarter of eighth- and 12th-grade us students are proficient in reading, writing and civics. how can we possibly equip the us for its leadership role in an increasingly connected world if we are not adequately teaching students to communicate and helping them understand and encounter diverse perspectives? if we fail to invest in the arts and humanities, our countrys future leaders will not have the ability to connect on an emotional level with others. this ability is developed by studying the humanities, and in the global community this skill is not optional - its essential. in a word, we must enthusiastically support and fund the study of the arts and humanities. for anyone concerned with how this translates into a sound economy and a sound financial future, simply recall what steve jobs told graduates of stanford university in 2005: one of the most influential experiences in his brief time at reed college was his exposure to the fine art of calligraphy(书法) it taught him the important lesson of the relationship between discipline and creativity.1. what can be inferred from the passage?a. business and hard-science subjects are based upon the arts and humanities.b. at present too much emphasis and investment are put on science in america.c. more students will learn the arts and humanities instead of science in the usa.d. china has spent more money in the humanities and social sciences than the usa.2. the author mentions steve jobs in the last paragraph to prove that _. a. science has a close relationship with the arts and humanities b. investment in the arts and humanities promotes economic development c. calligraphy plays a determining role in steve jobs accomplishment d. reed college supports and funds the study of the arts and humanities3. which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage? a. significance of arts and humanities b. key qualities of future leaders c. decline of arts and humanities d. rise and fall of hard sciences答案:1.b 2.b 3.a解析:1.b,推断题,根据第一段最后一句话:more and more students are seeking degrees in business and hard-science subjects.越来越多的学生学习理科和商业说明现在国家把重点和投资投在了这些方面。2.b,细节推断题,举steve jobs的例子,就是为了证明上句话:for anyone concerned with how this translates into a sound economy and a sound financial future,投资和支持艺术与人文科学可以促进经济的发展。3.a,主旨题,文章最后一段总结全文,反映题目,它强调了艺术和人文科学的重要性。a2 fuel cell technology for cars fill her up with hydrogen? thats what somecalifornia motorists may be saying soon, as car makers tryto speed up production of zero emission(零排放) cars tomeet state requirements in the near future. beneath the skin of this ordinary looking hondasfcx concept vehicle sits an electro-chemical reactor: ahand built, astronomically expensive power plant knownas a fuel cell. its expected to be running ordinary family cars on californias roads within three years. so what exactly is a fuel cell, anyway? why are governments, private businesses and academic institutions cooperating to develop and produce them? a fuel cell, very simply described, is a power generator, making electricity through the combination of hydrogen and oxygen. fuel cells generate electrical power quietly and efficiently, without pollution, unlike power sources that use fossil fuels, the only by-products from an operating fuel cell are heat and water. to be more technical about it, a hydrogen atom with its one electron, attempts to pass through a fuel cell membrane(膜) to unite with an oxygen atom. the membrane allows only the hydrogen proton(质子) to pass through, forcing its electron to run around the membrane to catch up with the proton on the other side. this creates electricity, water, and heat, but no exhaust emissions. if the fuel cell is powered with pure hydrogen, it has the potential to be up to 80-percent efficient, that is, it turns 80 percent of the energy content of the hydrogen into electrical energy. however, we still need to turn the electrical energy into mechanical work. this is accomplished by the electric motor. a reasonable number for the efficiency of the motor is about 80 percent. so we have 80-percent efficiency in generating electricity, and 80-percent efficiency turning it into mechanical power. that gives an overall efficiency of about64 percent. hondas fcx concept vehicle reportedly has 60-percent energy efficiency, which is twice or even three times more efficient than usual cars. but in spite of all the advantages described above, experts say, we still have technical challenges getting this extremely complex system to work properly, the way customers expect it to work. there are challenges in using new fuels, and providing the new fuel basic facilities. and before fuel cell vehicles hit the road, there will have to be a network of hydrogen stations that will allow drivers to fill up with the flammable gas, under 36-hundred pounds of pressure.4. what can be inferred from californias zero emissions policy? a. new cars with fuel cell technology will surely become much cheaper. b. by carrying out the policy, traffic will not be so busy as it is now. c. the quality of life in california will improve once this policy is in effect. d. with facilities of new kinds, more local employment will be created.5. what does the phrase power plant refer to? a. a power device generating electricity. b. a power station providing electricity. c. a power component consuming electricity. d. a power engine using electricity.6. one of the reasons why fuel cell powered vehicles are superior is that . . a. they give out almost no water or heat b. they run faster and more smoothly c. they give out almost no noise d. they turn 64% of the energy into electricity7. what does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? a. customers will not think it a good idea to develop fuel cell technology. b. it is still not very easy to speed up production of zero emission cars. c. we cant ignore the financial problems to build a network of hydrogen stations. d. we still have much difficulty turning all the chains of the business into reality.答案:4.c 5.a 6.c 7.d解析:4. c,推断题,如果汽车零排放政策生效后,那么市民的生活质量一定会提高,因为污染减少了,故答案选c,其他选项没有道理。5.a,词义猜测题,根据句子结构可知,power plant就是指的后面的fuel cell(燃料电池),还有下段中句子a fuel cell, very simply described, is a power generator, making electricity through the combination of hydrogen and oxygen.。故据此推断答案选a,一个发电装置。6.c,细节题,根据第三段中句子:fuel cells generate electrical power quietly and efficiently, without pollution。燃料电池发电安静、高效、无污染。7.d,细节题,根据第一句话:but in spite of all the advantages described above, experts say, we still have technical challenges getting this extremely complex system to work properly,可知,现在利用该项技术还有较大挑战。 a3when dekalb walcott iii was just 8 years old, his father, a chicago fire chief, let him tag along on a call. dekalb says a lot of kids idolized basketball player michael jordan when he was growing up in chicago in the 1990s. not him.i wanted to be like dekalb walcott jr., he says of his father.so when his dad asked if he wanted to go on that call with him when he was 8, dekalb was excited. im jumping up and down, saying, mom, can i go? can i go? the experience changed dekalbs life, he tells his dad on a visit to story corps. my eyes got big from the moment the alarm went off. the younger dekalb says. “this is the life that i want to live someday.”now 27, the younger dekalb is living that life. he became a firefighter at 21 and went to work alongside his dad at the chicago fire department. before his father retired, the pair even went out on a call together father supervising(监督) son.you know, its everything for me to watch you grow, his father says. but he also recalls worrying about one particular fire that his son faced.i received a phone call that night. and they said, well, your son was at this fire. i said, ok, which way is this conversation going to go? “dekalb walcott jr. recalls.and they said, but hes ok. and he put it out all by himself. everybody here was proud of him.and the word went around, who was out there managing that fire? oh, thats walcott! thats walcott up there! so, you know, moments like that, its heaven on earth for a dad.dekalb walcott jr. retired in 2009. the younger dekalb says hes proud of being a second-generation firefighter. you know, it makes me look forward to fatherhood as well, because im definitely looking forward to passing that torch down to my son.8. the underlined phrase tag along in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.a. put out fireb. watch basketballc. follow his fatherd. ask his mothers permission9. dekalb walcott iii determined to become a firefighter at the age of _.a. 8 b. 21 c. 27 d. 3510. what did dekalb walcott jr want to do before he was told that the fire was put out?a. go on with the conversationb. put it out all by himselfc. supervise his sond. go to the fire scene 11. what can we learn from the last paragraph?a. dekalb walcott jr is proud to be a second-generation firefighter.b. dekalb walcott iii wants his son to become a firefighter too.c. dekalb walcott jr wants to pass the torch to dekalb walcott iii.d. dekalb walcott iii is proud that his son has become an excellent firefighter.答案:8.c 9.a 10.d 11.b解析:本文是一篇故事类短文,讲述了一家两代对消防工作的热爱。当dekalb walcott8岁的时候他父亲就带他去消防现场,当时他激动不已,希望自己以后也做一名消防员。而且现在27岁的他已经成为了一名优秀的消防员。8. c 词义猜测题。从前四段内容可知父亲dekalb walcott jr是一名消防员,由此推断8岁的时候他父亲是带他去了火警现场.9. a 细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段内容可知dekalb walcott8岁的时候想成为父亲一样的消防员.10. d细节理解题。根据文章倒数三、四段的对话内容可知。11. b 细节理解题。从文章末段内容younger dekalb 也就是dekalb walcott所说的话可知他也希望自己的孩子以后也当消防员.a4engineers should embrace(接受) the arts, sir john oreilly, a fellow of the institution of engineering and technology, argued in a lecture. about 59% of engineering companies in the iets 2014 survey feared skill shortages could threaten(威胁) business. there is nothing as creative as engineering, sir john told the reporter. he says science, technology, engineering and mathematics - often known as stem subjects, are vital for a modern knowledge economy. but there is a massive shortfall in the number of recruits(招聘) - with a recent study by the royal academy of engineering saying the uk needs to increase by as much as 50% the number of stem graduates it produces. delivering this years mountbatten lecture at the royal institution, sir john argued that engineers should recognise the role of the arts in their work - among other benefits; this could attract more people into the profession. the lecture, full steam ahead for growth, advocated a wider adoption - steam, or science, technology, engineering, arts and maths. engineers should embrace the arts as being key to creativity and an important component of innovation(创新), crucial to creating new products and boosting future competitiveness, he argued. engineering and technology is an increasingly diverse and creative field, said sir john. some university engineering departments already cooperated with art schools to develop understanding, he told the reporter. in particular he mentioned cranfield universitys centre for creative competitive design and imperial colleges work with the royal college of art. the two sets of people could work well together and more emphasis on the creative side of engineering could improve the success of products, he said. aesthetics(美学) is part of it, he told the reporter, adding that apples ipod was not the first digital media player, nor the only one that worked - but it came to dominate the market because it was nice to have.sir john said he was not suggesting universities started requiring a-level art from engineering applicants - the key subjects for admission would continue to be maths and the sciences. but an emphasis on creative skills would help broaden the pool and attract more people in. 12. according to the lecture full steam ahead for growth, _.a. engineers should cooperate with arts majorsb. accepting the arts could attract more people into engineeringc. engineers should realize arts play the most important part in their work d. engineering and technology is as diverse and creative as before13. by giving the example of apples ipod, sir john intends to _.a. stress the importance of artsb. stress the importance of marketingc. stress the importance of communicationd. stress the importance of science and technology14. which of the following is true according to the passage?:.a. more university students should study arts instead of engineering.b. engineering and technology is increasingly different and unrelated fields.c. the iets skills survey raised concerns about the number of recruits to engineering.d. students from some university engineering departments have already transferred to art schools 15. what is the passage mainly about?:a. lack of creativity makes it difficult for the engineering major to find a satisfactory job.b. the key subjects for engineering majors remain to be maths and the sciences rather than arts.c. university engineering departments should cooperate with art schools to improve the success of products.d. engineering needs to emphasize its creative side to encourage more young people to choose it as a career.答案:12.b 13.a 14.c 15.d解析:stem科目一般指科学、技术、工程和数学等,而最近英国的一份调查报告显示,攻读stem课程的学生比例下降,英国stem学科的发展前景令人堪忧。在文章中sir john提出人们应该认识到工程学当中的艺术成分,呼吁更多年轻人进入这一领域。12.b 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容sir john argued that engineers should recognise the role of the arts in their work - among other benefits; this could attract more people into the profession.可知认识到工程学中的艺术成分会吸引更多的人来从事这一行业。13.a 推理判断题。在文章倒数第二、三段sir john 提到艺术学校和工程专业学生的合作能够促进产品的成功的原因是“aesthetics(美学)is part of it,”,然后以apples ipod 为例,由此判断sir john通过apples ipod是想说明艺术在工程学方面的重要性。14.c 细节理解题。通过文章第二、三段内容可知这份调查显示了在stem研究学科方面人员的缺少,而且sir john在调查中鼓励年轻人进入这一领域。15.d 主旨大意题。本文是一篇调查报告,在首段先提出engineers should embrace the arts,进而指出在stem研究学科方面人员的缺少,然后在下文呼吁人们要强调工程学中的艺术方面,以此吸引更多的年轻人从事这一行业,由此判断本文中心内容是要人们意识到工程学中创新的一面从而鼓励年轻人从事这一行业。故答案选db1exercise seems to be good for the human brain, with many recent studies suggesting that regular exercise improves memory and thinking skills. but an interesting new study asks whether the apparent cognitive benefits from exercise are real or just a placebo effect that is, if we think we will be “smarter” after exercise, do our brains respond accordingly? the answer has significant implications for any of us hoping to use exercise to keep our minds sharp throughout our lives.while many studies suggest that exercise may have cognitive benefits, recently some scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on thinking might be a placebo effect. so researchers at florida state university in tallahassee and the university of illinois at urbana-champaign decided to focus on expectations, on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking. if peoples expectations jibe (吻合) closely with the actual benefits, then at least some of those improvements are probably a result of the placebo effect and not of exercise.for the new study, which was published last month in plos one, the researchers recruited 171 people through an online survey system, they asked half of these volunteers to estimate by how much a stretching and toning regimens (拉伸运动) performed three times a week might improve various measures of thinking. the other volunteers were asked the same questions, but about a regular walking program.in actual experiments, stretching and toning program generally have little if any impact on peoples cognitive skills. walking, on the other hand, seems to substantially improve thinking ability.but the survey respondents believed the opposite, estimating that

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