2016年 职称英语理工A级临考密押试卷.doc

2016年 职称英语理工a级临考密押试卷第一部分：词汇选项 （每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。1. withimmenserelief，l stopped running.a . someb . enormousc . littled . extensive2.the scientists began toaccumulate data.a . collectb . handlec . analyzed . investigate3. jack eventuallyovertookthe last truck.a . hitb . passedc . reachedd . led4.sometimes it isadvisableto book hotels in advance.a . possibleb . profitablec . easyd . wise5. the reason for their unusual behavior remains apuzzle.a . factb . mysteryc . statementd . game6. that guy is reallywitty.a . smartb . uglyc . honorabled . popular7. the world champion suffered asensationaldefeat.a . reasonableb . dramaticc . humiliatingd . horrifying8. it seems that only mary iseligiblefor the job.a . preparedb . trainedc . qualifiedd . guided9. this poemdepicts . the beautiful scenery of a town in the south.a . praisesb . writesc . imitatesd . describes10. the meaning is stillobscurea . vagueb . transparentc . aliend . significant11. dumped waste mightcontaminatewater supplies.a . destroyb . decreasec . delayd . pollute12. one theorypostulatesthat the ancient filipinos came from india and persia.a . assumesb . expectsc . predictsd . considers13.it is very difficult for a child toadhereto rules.a . rememberb . followc . understandd . learn14. i hope that i didnt do anythingabsurdlast night.a . awkwardb . strangec . stupidd . awful15 there should be laws thatprohibitsmoking around children.a . forbidb . advocatec . inheritd . withdraw第二部分：阅读判断 （每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c。eat to livea meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much funand it might not even be necessary. we may be able to hang on to1 most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age.stephen spindler and his colleagues from the university of california at riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. the genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years.the researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. the changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production4probably bad news for mouse health. in the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. but the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes.“this is the first indication that the effects kick in5 pretty quickly,” says huber warner from the national institute on aging near washington, d . c.no one yet knows if calorie works in people as it does in mice, bus spindler is hopeful.“theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. if it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. as we get older, out bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. a brief period of time of dieting, says spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.but spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it. “the mice get less disease, they live longer but theyre hungry,” he says. “even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: i can only eat half of that.”spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all . his company, life span genetics in california, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.16. researchers from riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave more lively by limiting its food.a right b wrong c not mentioned17. half-ration meal is crucial to a 70-year-old man if he wants to live longer.a right b wrong c not mentioned18. there are 11,000 genes in a mouses liver.a right b wrong c not mentioned19. only the mice that start dieting in old age can benefit from 70 per cent of gene changes. a right b wrong c not mentioned20. we are not sure if calorie restriction work in people as it does in mice.a right b wrong c not mentioned21. its hard for us to stay hungry even we know dieting is beneficial to our health. a right b wrong c not mentioned22. spinders students helped with the whole experiment.a right b wrong c not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（每题1分，共8分） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)概括大意：要求从所给的6个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题 ; (2)完成句子：要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。virtual driver1. driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands, feet and brain. a man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. he can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. but how does an intelligent car control itself? apparently there isnt anyone in the drivers cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver. this virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. the minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. if you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system： a built-in computer. this is the brain of the car. the brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2， analyzing their position on the road，choosing the right path，and giving orders to the wheel and the control system. 2. in comparison with the human brain, the virtual drivers best advantage is that it reacts quickly. it completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds. however, it takes the worlds best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesnt include the time he needs to take action.3. with its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. in this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? experts say that we cannot do that just yet. with its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.4. the intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. however, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them. this being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars，and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.概括大意：23paragraph 1_24paragraph 2_25 paragraph 3_26paragraph 4_a. driving requires good coordination between hands and brains.b. quick reaction of virtual driver.c. virtual driver cannot drive cars anywhere. d. the government will fund the virtual driver company.e. the future of highly intelligent cars is promised despite of their shortcomings.f. how an intelligent car works. 完成句子27 like a real driver, a virtual driver also_28 the brain of the automatic driving system is_29 the worlds best racecar driver react_30 the virtual driver cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that_a. have no regular shapes b. has eyes, brains, hands and feet.c. a built-in computer.d. too big e. much slower than virtual driverf. recognizes ordinary people.第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分） 短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳参考答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 ward off travel bugsas the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn. with care and some help from natural sources, however, it is quite possible to avoid these problems.you can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. food poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria, you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to poisoning brought on by food or water tainted with unfamiliar bacteria.by improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold. the beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut.in many holiday locations you need to remember the basics: drink bottled water, avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene is adequate. if you do succumb to food poisoning, drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and see a doctor. however，if you detect diarrhea early enough, you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes, which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over.taking a teaspoon of silicon gel7 can also help. this lines the stomach and upper intestinal area and binds with bacteria and viruses，allowing them to be safely passed out of the gut. when you pack, include grapefruit-seed extract8, which is an excellent all-round anti-bacterial, anti- parasitic，anti-viral and anti-fungal agent.your flight can also be made more pleasant. peppermint oil and ginger capsules9 ward off motion sickness，but a more delicious option is to nibble on crystallized ginger. if you tend to get earache on take-off and landing，you can use special earplugs with filler that slows down the rate of change in air pressure.the greatest concern is “economy class syndrome”, the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs, heart or brain. to reduce this, you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol.you can also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin c with the bioflavonoid quercetin. vitamin c and quercetin also help to reduce prickly heat.finally, if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas, you should see a doctor.31whats the focus of this article?a.how to stay healthy during trips.b.what preparations one should make before holidaysc.what basics one should remember before holidays.d.what is economy class syndrome32.the following tips may prevent one from food poisoning except_a.drink bottled waterb.drink plenty of waterc.eat meat that is well done.d.eat clean food.33.according to the passage, the following food or medicine can be helpful while on a trip except_a.grapefruit-seed extractb.silicol gelc.crystallized gingerd.peppermint sweets34.which of the following statement is not true about “economy class syndrome”?a.its also known for deep-vein thrombosis.b.it can cause blood clots.c.it can be reduced by avoiding alcohol.d.it can be disappear if the patient stays dehydrated.35.the word “persist” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by_a. insist b. panicc. continue d. adhere 第二篇 stage frightfall down as you come onstage. thats an odd trick. not recommended. but it saved the pianist vladimir feltsman when he was a teenager back in moscow. the veteran cellist mstislav rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic, mr. feltsman said, “ all my fright was gone. i already fell. what else could happen?”today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. there are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind. teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. dont deny that youre jittery，they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. and play in public often, simply for the experience.psychotherapist diane nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance, “take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile, “she says. “and not one of theseplease dont kill me smiles. then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them.” she doesnt want performers to think of the audience as a judge.extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright，says dorothy delay, a well-known violin teacher. she tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.when lynn harrell was 20，he became the principal cellist of the cleverland orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “there were times when i got so nervous i was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. it was just total panic. i came to a point where i thought, if i have to go through this to play music, i think im going to look for another job.” recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible，and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.it is not only young artists who suffer, of course. the legendary pianist vladimir horowitzs nerves were famous. the great tenor franco corelli is another example. “they had to push him on stage, ”soprano renata scotto recalled.actually，success can make things worse. “in the beginning of your career, when youre scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they dont have any expectations,” soprano june anderson said. “theres less to lose. later on, when youre known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. you have a lot to lose.” anderson added，“i never stop being nervous until ive sung my last note.”36.mstislav rostropovich tripped vladimir feltsman on purpose when he was a teenager in order to_a.help him overcome pre-performance panicb.break his legc.humiliate him in front of audienced.show him that nervousness is beneficial to art 37teachers and psychologists urge people not to deny their nervousness because_a.some excitement is necessary for dynamic playing.b.it is useless to deny anythingc.theyll become more nervous if they deny theyre jittery.d.denial cant help them overcome their nervousness.38.the following statements are suggestions given by psychotherapist diane nichols before performance except_a.smilingb.open up your shoulderc.make eye contact with friendly audiencesd.take two deep abdominal breaths39.according to the article, stage fright essentially come from_a.weak in ones character .b.extreme demands by teachers and parents c.aspiration for success in his field d.fear to face audience 40. why does the author mention famous people in last three paragraphs?a. to emphasize that their success comes from fright b. to show that they have less to losec. to indicate that nervousness can be overcome with success. d. to show famous people also suffer from stage fright. 第三篇 primer on smellin addition to bringing out the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us?smell “gives us information about place, about where we are,” says randall reed, a johns hopkins university professor whose specialty is the sense of smell. and smell tells us about people. “whether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us based on smell,” says reed.even at a distance, odors can warn us of trouble spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “its a great alert,” offers donald leopold, a doctor at johns hopkins. for example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it.with just a simple scent, smell can also evoke very intense emotion. lets say, for example, that the smell is purple petunias. these flowers have a rich spiciness that no other petunia has. now lets imagine that your mother died when you were three, and she used to have a flower garden. you wouldnt need to identify the smell or to have conscious memories of your mother or her garden. you would feel sad as soon as you smelled that spicy odor.compared with animals, how well do people detect smelts?that depends on what you mean by “how well”. we are low on receptor cells ： current estimates say that humans have roughly five million smell-receptor cells, about as many as a mouse. a rat has some 10 million, a rabbit 20 million, and a bloodhound 100 million.reed says that, across species, there is a relatively good correlation between the number of receptor cells and how strong the sense of smell is. “you can hardly find the olfactory bulb in a human brain its a pea-sized object. in a mouse, its a little bigger. its bean-sized in a rat, about the size of your little finger in a rabbit, and the size of your thumb in a bloodhound.”does that mean that our sense of smell is not very acute?not exactly. while we may not have the olfactory range of other creatures, the receptors we do have are as sensitive as those of any animal. we can also think, and we make conscious (and successful) efforts to tell the difference between one smell and another. a trained “nose”, such as that of a professional in the perfume business, can name and distinguish about 10,000 odors. reed says that a perfume expert can