外文翻译---基于Linux的嵌入式采集系统.docx

附录AEmbedded Linux-based acquisition systemWith the rapid development of information technology, people need to accurate, fast and convenient access to large amounts of data and be able to quickly extract useful information. Embedded Systems is the IT network technology and a new direction of technology development. American futurist Timor predicted during his visit to China in 1999: 4 5 years after the tool will be embedded PC and the Internet is the second greatest invention after. 20th century 90s, the application of embedded technology in full swing, has become the communications and consumer technology products, the main platform. In the field of automatic control, not only can be used in ATM machines, vending machines, industrial control and other special equipment and mobile communications equipment, GPS, a combination of entertainment, embedded systems play a huge role in the same.The development of embedded technology makes it easy to develop embedded systems, reducing development costs, generic products increased to replacement. Combination of the traditional embedded systems are small, energy-less, anti-interference ability, stable characteristics, the development of embedded data acquisition system products, whether as a stand-alone product, or a function of a system of modules, all It is very meaningful.Data Acquisition System is a computer, communications and electronic technology, industrial control for an integrated detection system. This paper introduces embedded Linux-based data acquisition system hardware architecture and software design. To enhance the system to respond to the real-time performance and multi-task processing capability of hardware used in the ARM9 microprocessor technology, at the same time Linux operating system migration, system reliability and scalability can be improved. Designed to make full use of the characteristics of embedded Linux. System software modules have a data acquisition module, data processing module, data modules and data communications diagnostic module. Embedded Linux operating system will introduce a data acquisition system design and accelerate the development of the system to facilitate the functions of the future expansion of the observational data to improve the timeliness and accuracy of observation to achieve the automation.Embedded system is application-centric, based on computer technology, software, hardware can be tailored to meet the application system functions, reliability, cost, size, power consumption, there are strict requirements of a dedicated computer systems, operating systems and features will integrated software systems in computer hardware, in a nutshell is the system software and hardware integration, the work is similar to the way BIOS with software code in small, highly automated, fast response and so on. Particularly suited to the requirements of real-time and multi-tasking system. Embedded systems are advanced computer technology, semiconductor technology, electronic technology and the practical application of the various sectors of the product of the combination. Embed The structure of systems composed by two modules: the hardware platform and software platform.Acquisition Data Acquisition System at the scene to complete the task. Acquisition system designed for distributed control systems, PC systems and on-site testing of the communication between digital serial based. Normal run-time, on-site detection of the controller to complete the next-bit data acquisition, data processing, data storage, data distribution and other tasks. System has a certain degree of self-detection, self-tuning capabilities, to unusual circumstances to the PC, in order to maintain. In order to adapt to a variety of different circumstances automatic detection of weld requirements, the entire detection system is modular design, different modules can be combined into different applications.Micro-computers storage space smaller, while the standard Linux is a PC, and the need for the process of reducing the Linux kernel. For some added or removed independently of the function block can be retained only the kernel embedded system the functionality required to support the module, remove unwanted features. In order to meet certain real-time requirement and should not shield the kernel virtual memory management mechanism for enhanced real-time Linux. Computer systems are X86 motherboard architecture, compatible desktop PC version of Linuxi386. In this way, we can directly use the X86 system, the core of the compiler on Linux to compile the source code directly and cutting, and to avoid the core of the Linux source code part of involving CPU module and memory management module changes. Increase in file system and GUI based on system needs, the file system should include: the basic file system structure, the basic application, the basic configuration file, the basic equipment / dev / hd * and / dev / tty *, the basic procedures required to run the function library . GUI is a visual design software indispensable, but also for the future maintenance of on-site visual inspection of the interface. Guide the preparation of Linux code, the system will start as diskonchip equipment, guidance on the code on diskonchip. Power system after the boot code from the basic hardware initialization, and then the kernel image into memory by the run. Embedded systems is usually a compact hardware platform, a dedicated and strong at the core of the processor, while a small number of peripherals combined with the application of relevance, the characteristics of diversity; embedded systems typically include embedded software applications and embedded operating system. Embedded operating systems ranging from hardware and application procedures, is responsible for task scheduling and management of real-time applications, complete control of the hardware and operation. Real-time applications are based on real-time embedded operating system, the use of real-time operating system mechanisms for the completion of the specific function of a specific embedded system applications. Embedded systems is different from the general computer system, it has other applications do not have a number of characteristics.Embedded Linux-based data acquisition system board design, mainly by a motherboard and a plug-9 motherboard. All the plug-3U structure, the module dual-socket connection between the module system motherboard linked to improve the reliability of the entire device. One plug-in boards for signal acquisition and processing; additional plug-ins for the 8-channel signal conditioning board (a three-way on-board processing circuit, a total of 24 road, you can approach the basis of sensor signals, changes in signal conditioning channel plate). Compact system, the entire panel design, elegant appearance. System consists of signal conditioning systems and signal acquisition, processing system constituted of two parts. Signal conditioning system from the charge to enlarge, zoom in or current-voltage amplifier circuit (depending on sensor type setting), program-controlled zoom, programmable low-pass filtering, amplification, such as a buffer circuit composed of four levels, including single-chip control of PC by the request to enlarge the program, program-controlled parameters such as low-pass filter. Signal acquisition, processing system to be adopted ARM + FPGA structures. The benefits of such a structure are: the difficulty of the smaller hardware development platform, system software upgrades easy to implement.From field devices through a variety of sensor signals into low-noise cable channel signal conditioning board, each channel signal conditioning board that contains the three-channel signal conditioning. According to different types of sensors with different channel signal conditioning board, a variety of signals after signal conditioning for the same after the transformation of the voltage signal specifications. Signal processing flow is as follows: the sensor output signal voltage amplification, current amplification, such as zoom in or charge (as the sensor type setting) is transformed into voltage signal, the voltage signal amplification by the program, program-controlled low-pass filter, and finally to enlarge the buffer after processing, the output voltage signal to the signal acquisition, processing board.Embedded Linux system from the perspective of software generally can be divided into four levels.(1) boot loader. Including the curing of the firmware boot code (optional) and two major Bootloader. (2) core. Board-specific customization of embedded cores, as well as control of kernel boot parameters. (3) file system. Including the root file system and the establishment of the Flash memory devices on the file system. It is a management system to provide a variety of configuration files and system implementation of user applications to run a good carrier of the environment. (4) user applications and drivers. User-specific applications and drivers. Sometimes, the user applications, and between the inner nuclear layer may also include a built-in graphical user interface.System beginning in 2004 in the companys thermal power plant, BOF steel plant, power plants and other industrial application site. Practice shows that the embedded Linux-based data acquisition system to run stable and reliable.附录B基于Linux的嵌入式采集系统随着信息技术的飞速发展,人们需要能够准确、快速和便捷地获得大量数据并能从中迅速提取出有用的信息。嵌入式系统是继IT网络技术之后,又一个新的技术发展方向。美国著名未来学家葛洛庞帝1999年访华时预言: 45年后嵌入式能工具将是继PC和因特网之后最伟大的发明。进入20世纪90年代,嵌入式技术的应用全面展开,目前已成为通信和消费类产品的主要平台技术。在自动控制领域,不仅可以用于ATM机、自动售货机、工业控制等专用设备和移动通信设备、GPS、娱乐等相结合,嵌入式系统同样发挥巨大的作用。嵌入式技术的发展使得开发嵌入式系统变得容易,开发成本降低,产品通用性提高,可更新换代。结合传统嵌入式系统体积小、耗能少、抗干扰能力强、稳定的特点,开发嵌入式数据采集系统的应用产品,不管是作为一个独立的产品,还是某一系统的某个功能模块,都是十分有意义的。数据采集系统是集计算机、通信及电子技术、工业控制为一体的综合探测系统。本文介绍了基于嵌入式Linux 的数据采集系统的硬件结构和软件设计。为提高系统的实时响应性能和多任务处理能力，在硬件上采用ARM9 微处理器技术，同时移植Linux操作系统，使系统的可靠性和可扩展性得以提高。设计中充分利用了嵌入式Linux 的特点。系统软件模块有数据采集模块、数据处理模块、数据通信模块和数据诊断模块。将嵌入式Linux 操作系统引入数据采集系统的设计中,加速了系统的开发,方便了将来的功能扩展,提高了观测数据的及时性和准确性,实现了观测的自动化。嵌入式系统是以应用为中心、以计算机技术为基础、软件硬件可裁剪、适应应用系统,对功能、可靠性、成本、体积、功耗有严格要求的专用计算机系统,它将操作系统和功能软件集成于计算机硬件系统之中,简而言之就是系统的应用软件与系统的硬件一体化,类似于BIOS的工作方式,具有软件代码小,高度自动化,响应速度快等特点。特别适合于要求实时和多任务的体系。嵌入式系统是将先进的计算机技术、半导体技术、电子技术和各个行业实际应用相结合的产物。嵌入式系统的结构由两大模块组成:硬件平台和软件平台。嵌入式系统是以应用为中心、以计算机技术为基础、软件硬件可裁剪、适应应用系统,对功能、可靠性、成本、体积、功耗有严格要求的专用计算机系统,它将操作系统和功能软件集成于计算机硬件系统之中,简而言之就是系统的应用软件与系统的硬件一体化,类似于BIOS的工作方式,具有软件代码小,高度自动化,响应速度快等特点。特别适合于要求实时和多任务的体系。嵌入式系统是将先进的计算机技术、半导体技术、电子技术和各个行业实际应用相结合的产物。数据采集系统的采集任务在现场完成。采集系统设计为分布式的控制系统,系统上位机与现场检测下位机之间的通信基于串口。正常运行时,现场下位检测控制器完成数据采集、数据处理、数据存储、数据发送等多种任务。系统具有一定的自检测、自校正能力,能将异常情况传给PC机,以便维护。为了适应各种不同情况对焊缝自动检测的要求,整个检测系统采用模块化结构设计,可应用不同的模块组合成不同的应用系统。微型计算机的存储空间较小, 而标准Linux是面向PC 的,需要对Linux 内核进行裁减。对一些可独立加上或卸下的功能块,可在编译内核时仅保留嵌入式系统所需的功能支持模块, 删除不需要的功能。为了满足一定的实时性要求,需屏蔽内核的虚拟内存管理机制来增强的Linux实时性。系统中微机主板属于X86体系结构,兼容一般桌面PC的Linuxi386版本。这样,我们可以直接使用X86体系的编译器对Linux核心源代码直接进行编译及裁剪,并避免了对Linux 核心源代码中涉及CPU的部分模块以及内存管理模式模块的修改。增加了文件系统和GUI根据系统需要,文件系统应包括: 基本文件系统结构、基本应用程序、基本配置文件、基本设备/dev/hd* 和/dev/tty*、基本程序运行所需的函数库。GUI 是软件可视化设计不可缺少的,也为将来的现场检修维护提供可视化的界面。编写Linux的引导代码, 将diskonchip作为系统的启动设备,引导代码放在diskonchip上。系统加电后,由引导代码进行基本的硬件初始化,然后把内核经映像装入内存运行。嵌入式系统的硬件平台通常以紧凑、专用性强的处理器为核心,同时结合少量的外围设