江苏省苏大附中高三英语暑期自主学习讲义(2).doc

“ 江苏省苏大附中高三英语暑期自主学习讲义2“ 【非谓语动词考点梳理】 1．动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题 (1)不定式作表语与“be＋to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。 (2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。 (3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。 (4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。 (5)不定式作状语的用法。 (6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。 (7)不定式的省略。 2．动名词复习中应注意的几个问题 (1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，can’t help，mind, enjoy, require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。 (2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。 (3)介词后要接动名词； (4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别： 3．现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题 (1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 (2)现在分词作表语。 主语＋be＋v.­ed表示被动，主语是人；主语＋be＋v.­ing表示主动，主语是物。 4．过去分词复习中应注意的几个问题 过去分词作状语，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句，用来说明原因、时间、条件、伴随等。 【巩固训练】 一、单项选择 1. ________ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been askedB. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked 2. “Genius” is a complicated concept, ________ many different factors. A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. being involved 3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ________ a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have 4. ________ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering 5. ________ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translate 6. I looked up and noticed a snake ________ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. Wound 7. ________ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete 8. He was busy writing a story, only________ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped 9. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ________ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 10. He had a wonderful childhood, ________ with his mother to all corners of the world. A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 11. The spokesman was seated in front of all the journalists at the press conference，________ to answer all kinds of questions. A. prepared B. preparing C. to be prepared D. having prepared 12. A proper approach to ________ your learning efficiency is of great significance to every student. A. improving B. improve C. be improving D. having improved 13. ________ to supporting the growing number of students seeking odd jobs, we will provide them with information they need. A. Committing B. Committed C. Being committed D. Having committed 14. Standing there, I almost smell the rain coming. And it did. Suddenly the lightning flashed through the clouds, nearly________ me. A. having blinded B. blinded C. blinding D. to blind 15. ________ with a gradual rise of seawater, some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future. A. Facing B. To face C. Faced D. Face 16. The sports meet will be ________ next week because of the bad weather. A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down 17. I can ________ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand loud noise. A. keep up with B. get along with C. catch up with D. put up with 18. The continuous rain ________ the harvesting of the wheat by two weeks. A. set back B. set off C. set out D. set aside 19. It was getting dark. We decided to _______ for the night at a farmhouse. A. put up B. put away C. put down D. put on 20. How I wish I could _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English chatting on the Internet. A. set off B. set out C. set over D. set up 二、动词恰当形式填空 21. There are several things ______________ (take) into consideration. 22. Being relevant and correct does not equal _____________ (be) up to date. 23. It is vital that every piece of equipment _____________ (check) before the experiment. 24. The market situation is difficult _______________ (evaluate). 25. ____________ (addict) to computer games ruined his future. 三、完成句子 26. 美国政府承诺要逐渐消除社会中的种族歧视 American government has made a promise to __________ society __________ racial discrimination. 27. 他们查遍档案仔细搜寻欺诈的证据。 They ________ _________ the files for evidence of fraud carefully. 28. 他提醒妻子给钟上发条。 He reminded his wife to ________ ________ the clock. 29. 多年来，我一直订阅这份杂志。 I have been ________ ________ this magazine for years. 【能力拓展】 四、拓展阅读 A Kayaking is an activity enjoyed by many people of all ages. It requires little or no experience and nearly anyone of any skill level can participate. It’s most popular as a summertime sport, but it is also a great activity during the winter. Kayaking also seems relatively friendly to the environment; more so than speed boating or water skiing. Because a kayak doesn’t create large or frequent waves, require fuel, or scatter hazards into the air, it is indeed a fairly safe activity for humans and wildlife alike. Kayaking on freshwater lakes and streams creates little turbulence and therefore does not disturb fish or other aquatic life. Actually, the gentle paddling and movement of the kayak helps to bring seaweed to the surface, making for convenient snacking to the fish. However, there is a drawback to the all-you-can-buffet for your fishy friends. In addition to bringing food to the surface, kayaking also stirs up litter that’s been hiding beneath the waters. Some aquatic animals will mistake it for food. This could cause the animals to choke on the indigestible litter, leading to death. As hazardous as this sounds, it isn’t very likely for such an event to take place. Most litter in lakes and streams is found along the shoreline and settles in the sand and dirt, and isn’t likely to drift away to the main body of water. ▲ . And because kayaks do not have a motor, fish have no risk of getting caught underneath the boat. One potential hazard that results from kayaking is human waste. This depends solely on where you plan to kayak, and if there are resources available (such as campsites) along the shoreline. When there are no facilities in sight, you’re paddling in the middle of a lake, and nature calls, then often you are given no choice but to expel your waste in the middle of the water. While human waste is considered biodegradable, it can be harmful when swallowed by fish. The only preventative measure is to avoid using the water as a restroom. Some public lakes and streams have taken steps to preserve the quality of the water by requiring permits for kayaking. This won’t eliminate a human waste problem, but does help regulate entry into the lake and prevent it from becoming overcrowded. As an important factor to remember when kayaking is that you are a guest in someone else’s home. You may not be greeted by anyone or be able to kick up your feet and watch TV, but the water is home to many aquatic animals and wildlife. Just as you would not throw trash on the floor or destroy the home of another, you shouldn’t do it outdoors either. Keep all trash with you in your kayak and properly dispose of it after you return to shore. By doing your part, you will help doing your part, you will help keep kayaking a safe and enjoyable activity for yourself and the environment. 31. Which of the following statements is True about Kayaking according to the passage? A. Young people’s enjoyment of kayaking exceeds that of other people. B. Water skiing has more negative effects on the environment than Kayaking. C. Usually, kayaking is only practiced in the summer. D. Whether you can kayak depends on resources available along the shoreline. 32. What does “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Providing aquatic animals with an all-you-can-buffet. B. Stirring up litter to the surface of the water. C. That aquatic animals choke to death because of eating the litter. D. That most litter in lakes and streams is found along the shoreline and settles. 33. Which sentence can be put in the blank in paragraph 3? A. Because of their adaptability, kayaks can be useful for other outdoor activities such as diving, fishing, and search and rescue during floods. B. Unlike boats operated by motor and fuel, kayaks pose little or no harm to the fish swimming beneath. C. Contrary to what people may assume, there are a number of unique styles of kayaking based on the type and speed of water involved. D. Sea kayaking is a potentially hazardous pursuit, partly because of the nature of the environment in which we operate. 34. Which is the best title of the passage? A. The environmental impacts of kayaking—is it dangerous? B. The most popular water sports—kayaking C. Advantages and disadvantages of kayaking D. How to keep kayaking a safe and enjoyable activity? 35. Which word or expression is closest in meaning to “biodegradable”? A. Recycled.B. Environmentally harmless.C. Poisonous. D. Sustainable. B My heart sank when the man at the immigration counter gestured to the back room. I was born and raised in America, and this was Miami, where I live, but they weren’t quite ready to let me in yet. “Please wait in here, Ms Abujaber,” the immigration officer said. My husband, with his very American last name, accompanied me. He was getting used to this. The same thing had happened recently in Canada when I’d flown to Montreal to speak at a book event. That time they held me for 45 minutes. Today we were returning from a literary festival in Jamaica, and I was startled that I was being sent “in back” once again. The officer behind the counter called me up and said, “Miss, your name looks like the name of someone who’s on our wanted list. We’re going to have to check you out with Washington.” “How long will it take?” “Hard to say . a few minutes,” he said. “We’ll call you when we’re ready for you.” After an hour, Washington still hadn’t decided anything about me. “Isn’t this computerized?” I asked at the counter. “Can’t you just look me up?” Just a few more minutes, they assured me. After an hour and a half, I pulled my cell phone out to call the friends I was supposed to meet that evening. An officer rushed over. “No phones!” he said. “For all we know you could be calling a terrorist cell and giving them information.” “I’m just a university professor,” I said. My voice came out in a squeak. “Of course you are. And we take people like you out of here in leg irons every day.” I put my phone away. My husband and I were getting hungry and tired. Whole families had been brought into the waiting room, and the place was packed with excitable children, exhausted parents, even a flight attendant. I wanted to scream, to jump on a chair and shout: “I’m an American citizen; a novelist; I probably teach English literature to your children.” Or would that all be counted against me? After two hours in detention, I was approached by one of the officers. “You’re free to go,” he said. No explanation or apologies. For a moment, neither of us moved, we were still in shock. Then we leaped to our feet. “Oh, one more thing.” He handed me a tattered photocopy with an address on it. “If you weren’t happy with your treatment, you can write to this agency.” “Will they respond?” I asked. “I don’t know --- I don’t know of anyone who’s ever written to them before.” Then he added, “By the way, this will probably keep happening each time you travel internationally.” “What can I do to keep it from happening again?” He smiled the empty smile we’d seen all day. “Absolutely nothing.” After telling several friends about our ordeal, probably the most frequent advice I’ve heard in response is to change my name. Twenty years ago, my own graduate school writing professor advised me to write under a pen name so that publishers wouldn’t stick me in what he called “the ethnic ghetto” --- a separate, secondary shelf in the bookstore. But a name is an integral part of anyone’s personal and professional identity -just like the town you’re born in and the place where you’re raised. Like my father, I’ll keep the name, but my airport experience has given me a whole new perspective on what diversity and tolerance are supposed to mean. I had no idea that being an American would ever be this hard. 36. The author was held at the airport because __________. A. she and her husband returned from Jamaica.B. her name was similar to a terrorist’s. C. she had been held in Montreal.D. she had spoken at a book event. 37. She was not allowed to call her friends because __________. A. her identity hadn’t been confirmed yet. B. she had been held for only one hour and a half. C. there were other families in the waiting room. D. she couldn’t use her own cell phone. 38. We learn from the passage that the author would __________ to prevent similar experience from happening again. A. write to the agency B. change her name C. avoid traveling abroad D. do nothing 39. Her experiences indicate that there still exists __________ in the US. A. hatredB. discriminationC. toleranceD. diversity 40. 请将下列句子翻译成汉语 （1）After telling several friends about our ordeal, probably the most frequent advice I’ve heard in response is to change my name. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ （2）Like my father, I’ll keep the name, but my airport experience has given me a whole new perspective on what diversity and tolerance are supposed to mean. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、任务型阅读 Traveling on the Information Superhighway In the early 1990s, few people outside of governments and universities had ever heard the term internet. The World Wide Web was in its infancy（初期）. Back then if you said to someone, “Send me an e-mail with directions to your house,” all you would have received is a puzzled look. Technology has come a long way since those days. Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible. The Internet is often called the “information superhighway”. That’s because vast amounts of information travel over it. If you searched the word “grasshopper”, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. Some sites would give information on these insects. Other sites would be companies with “grasshopper” in their names. Still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshoppers. In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communications, electronic mail, or e-mail for short. E-mail is the brainchild of a shrewd（精明的）man named Ray Tomlison. He developed the program and sent himself the first e-mail in 1974. He wasn’t sure, but he thought his first message was QWERTYUIOP（the top row of letters on a key-board）. As a result of Tomlinson’s invention of e-mail, the way in which the world communicates has changed. Thanks to e-mail, you can communicate with a student in London and find out how his weather experiment is going. E-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps. Your aunt and uncle can send you pictures of their new puppy without ever leaving their home. If you are sick and can’t attend school, your teacher can e-mail you the assignments you have missed. You can even send e-mail to a grasshopper expert and ask questions for a research paper. However, there is one big disadvantage when you use e-mail. Unlike a letter you send through the mail, e-mail is not private. It can be reviewed by anyone with access to your receiver’s computer. Your receiver could also forward it to other people—so be careful. Do not say anything in an e-mail that you wouldn’t say in front of crowd! The Internet The Internet offers information to us. The Internet enables us to (41) ▲ in a new way. We can (42) ▲ information throughout the world, because the Internet can connect millions of computers. The Internet is often called the “information super high-way”, because vast amount of information travel over it. Thanks to (43) ▲ , we can keep in touch with others wherever we are. It has changed the (44) ▲ of talking. Through it, we can talk with our students in London about the weather experiment. It has also enables us to exchange information at (45) ▲ speed than traditional communicative methods. Within a short time, it lets us (46) ▲ the person who has something in (47) ▲ with us. It also helps us to send information without leaving home. (48) ▲ the advantages, we should be (49 ▲ when using it. Because it may not be (50) ▲ if someone has access to our receivers’ computer. 41.___________ 42. __________ 43. __________ 44. ___________ 45. ____________ 46. ___________ 47. __________ 48. __________ 49. ___________ 50. ____________ 8