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第一章 观点论证型一、体裁介绍观点论证型作文,是指命题要求考生根据题目给出的论点,按照所给提纲的结构要求对其进行论证,然后表明自己的立场和观点,通过摆事实、讲道理的方式论述事理,发表意见,确立或否定某一主张。审题思路 考生拿到作文题目后首先应确立论证的主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。对于此类作文,我们可以按照以下步骤: 表明观点,提出论点; 论证观点,以事实和数据为依据例证论点; 得出结论或表明个人看法与做法。观点论证型作文的写作模式如下: 第一部分:总结描述,用一句话概括、描述当今社会存在的某种观点,并做简单的扩展:主题句+扩展句。 第二部分:列出论据,说明观点成立的理由:主题句+举例。 第三部分:表明自己的观点并结束全文。结尾部分一定要总结自己的观点。二、真题分析Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: It Pays to be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 1当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。 2. 诚实利人利己,做人应该诚实。 1. 审题列纲 在写作之前,考生首先要正确理解It pays to be honest的含义,即“诚实有益”。这是一篇典型的观点论证型文章,可根据提纲将内容分为三部分:第一部分(第一段)阐述观点及存在的问题;第二部分(第二段及第三段)针对这一观点从正反两方面列出论据、举出具体的例子来论证这一观点;第四段重申诚实利人利己,做人应该诚实。 2. 写作思路 主题 分析对诚实的错误观点,并说明自己对诚实重要性的认识。 开头段 开门见山提出论证观点:诚实有益,同时指出当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。 中心段1 从个人观点出发,指出诚实是一种重要的品德,因为诚实利人利己。 诚实是做人的基本要求。 诚实能给我们带来尊敬和友谊。 举例说明诚实的好处。 中心段2 从反面角度证明欺骗危害大。 说明危害:不诚实最终将被他人所唾弃。用事实说明:欺骗将最终害人害己。结论 诚实利人利己,做人应该诚实。范文It Pays to Be HonestPeople share a firm belief that it pays to be honest. However, it is nothing new for us to find dishonesty in our society. For example, some students cheat in the exams and some businessmen sell fake products to their consumers.There is no doubt that honesty benefits both the person and others. For one thing, being honest is an essential requirement to be an upright man. For another, only with honesty can we win the respects and friendship. Many examples can be found to prove the benefits. For example, George Washington was forgiven and praised by his father after his admission of cutting the cherry tree. With the virtue and others, he was later elected President of the U. S.On the contrary, the deviation from honesty would be harmful. People who always lied would be discarded by others someday. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers wont buy their products anymore. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison.All mentioned above tells us honesty is always seen as an important virtue of the human character. Those honest people will be rewarded in the long run. So as the saying goes, “Honesty is the best policy.”三、用于驳型/和比较型章的句型l. In general, I dont agree with.2. In my opinion, this point of view doesnt hold water.3. The chief reason why . is that .4. There is no truth that .5. It is not true that .6. It can be easily denied that .7. We have no reason to believe that .8. What is more serious is that.9. But it is pity that .10. Besides, we should not neglect that .11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore .12. Others may find this to be true, but I believe .13. Perhaps I was questioned why .14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to .15. Though we are in basic agreement with., but .16. What seems to be the trouble is .17. Yet differences will be found, thats why I feel that .18. It would be reasonable to take the view that ., but it would be foolish to claim that .19. There is in fact no reason for us so believe that .20. What these people fail to consider is that .21. It is one thing to insist that , it is quite another to show that 22. Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.23. The advantages of B is much greater than those of A.24. As advantage sounds ridiculous when Bs advantages are taken into consideration.四、万能模板Nowadays/Recently/In recent years/At present, _ is a common thing/has become more and more popular/has gradually become a concern for many. For example, _. All these _. There are different attitudes/views towards _. Some people hold the idea/believe/think/argue that _; While others view differently/hold different views/find it hard to agree. They say/contend that _. In my opinion/In my view/From my point of view/As far as I am concerned/Personally, I prefer _. Personally speaking, I would rather _. As long as/With the development of/By the joint efforts of _, well certainly/definitely/no doubt _ in the end.第二章 利弊选择性一、体裁介绍利弊选择性作文要求我们能对个论题的正反两个方面加以阐述分析,进一步做出选择,推导出自己认为合理的解决该问题的模式。审题思路 考生拿到作文题后应确立写作主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。对于此类文章可以分四个步骤来写:第一段:开头段简述事件。第二段:阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法,给出理由或者举例说明:主题句+理由举例1+理由举例2+理由举例3第三段:阐述提纲中列举的另一种看法,给出理由或者举例说明:主题句+理由举例1+理由举例2+理由举例3第四段:表明自己的观点,结束全文。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Spring Festival Gala on CCTV. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会;2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会;3. 我的看法。二、真题分析 1. 审题列纲审题把握两点,一是体裁,二是题材。说到体裁,该作文属于正反观点对比论证类的文体;说到题材,本次作文的话题时关于人们对于春节晚会的不同看法,属于社会生活类话题。没有考查校园类话题,说明社会热点话题和校园类话题同等重要。根据提纲,作文可分为三个部分:第一个部分陈述事实,“许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会”以及具体原因;第二部分阐述另一方面“有些人提出取消春节晚会”这一事实并给出原因;第三段表明个人观点。2. 写作思路主题 春节晚会是否该取消这一热点社会话题的争议性,并表明自己的观点。开头段 对春节晚会这一广泛引起讨论的现象进行简单介绍,点明争论焦点:是否有必要保留春节晚会?并提出有一些人认为应当保留,具体原因是:春节晚会成为除夕夜当晚家庭团聚的一个不可缺少的节目安排;春节晚会的很多节目十分精彩。第二段 引出另一方观点,“另一些人认为春节晚会应该取消”,具体原因有:春节晚会让人们在除夕夜被动守在电视机前,剥夺了家人之前沟通交流的机会;春节晚会的部分节目缺乏新意。第三段 作者的个人观点,具体说明原因,给出建议等。范文Spring Festival Gala on CCTVIt has been a hot topic for a long time whether the CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled or not. Many people advocate that CCTV Spring Festival Gala offers a wonderful opportunity to celebrate this traditional festival, for the Chinese all over the world can share the same happiness and excitement brought by this TV program. In addition, many performances are very impressive, and some can even positively affect our life value.However, every coin has two sides. Some people hold that CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled. One of the most significant reasons may be that this form of celebration force people to spend the eve more passively. Whats more, a great proportion of the programs are not attractive enough.As to me, my favor goes to the former opinion, because CCTV Spring Festival Gala gives us another option to celebrate this important moment. But it is really essential to improve the quality of the programs. And I hope some better forms of celebration will be created in the near future.三、表示比较和对照关系的句型1. A is to B what C is to D. (A之于B犹如C之于D。)2. Just as. , so 3. A and B have sth. in common.4. A is similar to B.5. The same is true of./The same can be said of. . ( .也是如此。)6. The advantages of A are much greater than B.7. Compared with B, A has many advantages.8 . The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. (利大于弊。)9 . Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too.10. Although A enjoys considerable advantage over., it can not compete with B in.11. Contrary to widely accepted views, l believe that 12. What people fail to consider is that_13. It is one thing to insist that, it is quite another to show that 14. Nothing can rival. . . ( .是无与伦比的。)15. .has drawbacks as well as merits.16. A is superior/inferior to B.17 . .varies from person to person. (. .是因人而异的。)18. A is just the opposite (to B).19. A differs from B in that. (A不同于 B在于-)20. is not the same (as.)四、万能模扳These days we often hear that _. It is common that _. People hold different views about _.Some people believe/think/hold/argue/have the idea that _. They say/contend that _. They point out that _. For example _.But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that _. They argue that _. In my opinion/In my view/From my point of view/As far as I am concerned/Personally, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, _. For another, _. Last but not least, _.第三章 现象解释型一、体裁介绍现象解释型作文命题要求考生首先明确描述社会生活中存在的一种现象,然后说明改现象反应的社会问题,解释该现象存在或发生的原因。审题思路 考生拿到作文题后首先应确立写作主题及写作结构。对于此类作文,我们可以分为三部分:第一部分描述现象,引起话题;第二部分对现象进行细致的分析,解释现象发生或变化的原因;第三部分针对现象做出评论,表明自己的态度、观点或做法以及如何在日常生活中有效地发扬该现象的优势或消除这种现象不利的方面。我们可以把图表说明型作文看作现象解释型作文的变体。在图表说明型作文中,题目提供一些图表信息用来显示某一现象,情况的变化或发展趋势,要求考生对变化进行描述,说明变化的原因,阐述个人看法。对于图表说明型作文,我们也可以根据命题要求将文章分为三部分:第一部分描述图表中数据的主要趋势,对数据进行分析比较,总结归纳图表内容所呈现的主要特征;第二部分对现象和变化进行细致的分析,解释现象发生或变化的原因;第三部分针对现象和变化做出结论。二、真题分析Example 1Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Harmfulness of Fake Products. You should write at least 100 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品( fake commodities);2为什么会有这种现象?3. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。1. 审题列纲本文为现象解释型命题作文,可根据提纲要求将文章分为三段:第一段据出现象社会上有不少假冒伪劣产品;第二段详细分析该现象产生的原因,为什么社会上会出现信劣产品?该段第一句承上启下,说明该现象有几个方面的原因,紧接着后几句分别说明这几方面的原因;最后一段说明伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害,明确指出必须坚决打击假冒伪劣产品。2. 写作思路主题 分析假冒伪劣商品的危害。开头段 指出现象:社会上有不少假冒伪劣产品。中心段 说明现象存在的原因。假冒伪劣商品可以为生产商带来巨大的利润。市场监管力度不够。购买到假冒伪劣商品的消费者很难从有关部门获得帮助。结论段 伪劣商品危害消费者个人和社会等,必须坚决打击假冒伪劣产品。假冒伪劣商品给消费者造成巨大的损失。假冒伪劣商品危害人们的健康,甚至是生命。必须采取措施打击假冒伪劣商品,这样才能生活得更好。范文Harmfulness of Fake CommoditiesNowadays, there is an increasingly serious social problem of fake commodities. It is common that all kinds of fake commodities are sold in the market. And the question occurs to our minds: What leads to the existence of fake commodities?According to a survey, there are a couple of reasons caused fake commodities. First of all, fake commodities may bring about massive profits for producers. Whats more, our market supervision is still not powerful enough. Last but not least, consumers who bought fake commodities may find it difficult to ask the authority concerned for help. As a matter of fact, fake commodities do great harm to people. For one thing, fake commodities cause great losses to consumers. For another, fake commodities may harm peoples health, sometimes even lives. Therefore. we should take dozens of measures to prevent fake commodities from bringing us more harm. Only when fake commodities disappear can we live a better life.Example 2Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words according to the chart and the outline given below in Chinese. 1990 1995 2000 year Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week1. 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生使用计算机的情况,请描述其变化;2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明);3. 你认为日首大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。20181614121086421. 审题列纲本题为图表型作文,考生可以根据给出的提纲,描述图表的内容,分析其中的原因,提出自己的观点。文章可以从三个方面展开:第一段提出问题,描述图表中的现象;第二段分析原因,综述结果;第三段陈述自己的观点,得出结论。2. 写作思路主题 分析学生使用电脑的情况。开头段 整体描述图表中所体现的现象,提出问题。中心段 分析出现这种现象的原因。电脑可以被广泛应用到学习当中。电脑的价格大幅下降。使用电脑的收费降低。结论段 存在的问题是:大多数学生没有充分利用电脑。电脑经常被当作打字机使用。有些学生把电脑应用到有限的范围之内。范文Student Use of ComputersRecently, there has been tremendous growth in the student use of computers since 1990. What amazes us most is that the average hours a student spend using computers grow up to 14 hours per week in 2000. It is true that college students are spending more hours using computers today.There are many reasons explaining this growth. The main reason is that computers can be widely used in study. What is more, computer prices decrease greatly. Thirdly, charges for using PC have dropped. As a result, more college students can afford computers for daily use.Considering all these, I believe that many students dont make full use of computers. For one thing, the computer is often used as a typewriter on campus. For another, some students use computers only in a small field. In conclusion, we should try to help students make better use of computers.三、用于描述图表和数据的句型1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year.3. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with 4. It would be expected to increase 5 times.5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996.7. The total number was lowered by 10%.8. It rose from 10 - 15 percent of the total this year.9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 t0 10 percent.10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.四、用于解释性和阐述性论说文的句型1. Everybody knows that.2. It can be easily proved that .3. It is true that .4. No one can deny that 5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is 6. The chief reason is that 7. We must recognize that 8. There is one doubt that 9. I am of the opinion that .10. This can be expressed as follows:11. To take for an example 12. We have every reason to believe that 13. Now that we know that .14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned 15. The change in.largely results from the fact that 16. There are several causes for this significant growth in: First Second Finally 17. A number of factors could account for the development in.18. Perhaps the primary reason is 19. It is chiefly responsible for 20. The reasons for.are complicated. And probably they are found in the fact 21. Here are several possible reasons, except that.22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that.23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon.24. Different people observes it un different ways.五、万能模板From the chart/graph/table/figure, we can clearly see that_. Obviously/It is true that/It is self-evident that_In my mind, there are three reasons explaining/We believe that three reasons account for/Three reasons, as for me, can explain this phenomenon. To begin with/One reason is/The main reason is _. What is more/In addition/Another reason is that _.Thirdly/Lastly/Apart from that/Last but not least _. As a result/ln short _. Considering all these _. For one thing _.For another _.In conclusion/ln brief/To sum up_.第四章 途径方法型一、体裁介绍途径方法型试题通过提示性文字或图表提出(或反映)社会生活中存在的一个现实问题,通常要求考生指出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性;然后对问题展开分析,提出解决问题的方案或应对措施;最后要求考生表明自己对待这一问题的态度、做法等。审题思路 了解了途径方法型试题的特征,写作时就可以按照下面的思路展开:开头段:概述现状,提出问题;中间段:分析和解决问题;结尾段:总结全文或提出建议。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Succeed in a Job Interview. You should write at least 100 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1面试在求职过程中的作用2取得面试成功的因素:仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是二、真题分析1. 审题列纲本作文题How to Succeed in a Job Interview重在强调如何面试成功。考生应根据提纲要求阐述两方面内容:面试在求职过程中的重要性及作用;成功面试所需注意的因素。可将文章分为三段:第一段说明面试的重要性及作用;第二段具体说明影响面试成功与否的因素(注意应有逻辑、条理的陈述各因索);最后一段概括前文,指出在面试过程中如果注意以上细节,将取得成功。2. 写作思路主题 如何面试成功?开头段 指出人们认为面试在找工作时越来越重要,因此掌握面试技巧更是必不可少。中心段 指出成功面试的因素。 得当的着装与举止有助于留下好印象;要谈吐不凡,说话实事求是,表达清楚;应试者应充分展现其才能和技能;应试者要自信,这一点不客忽视。结论段 得出结论,重申上述成功面试因素的重要性。范文How to Succeed in a Job InterviewNowadays, people attach more and more importance to the job interview. It is true to the present situation that it plays an important role in job-seeking. So it is of great importance for us to master the skills of it.As is known to all, there are many ways to succeed in a job interview. In the first place, you should dress and behave properly in order to leave a good impression on the interviewer. In the second place, when it comes to talking, you should speak clearly and honestly. Whats more, the interviewee must demonstrate his abilities and skills for the job. The last but not the least, the applicant is supposed to be he self-confident. As far as I am concerned, I pay great attention to the ways during an interview. In fact, the interview usually plays a decisive role when the interviewer makes a choice. So long as you put the above principles into practice, you will succeed in a job interview. It is high time for us to obtain the skills.三、用于文章开头的句型l. As the proverb says.2. It goes without saying that 3. Generally speaking 4. It is quite clear that because 5. It is often said that.6. Many people often ask such a question : “ .?”7. More and more people have come to realize 8. There is no doubt that.9. Some people believe that 10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case?11. One great man said that 12. Recently the issue of.has been brought to public attention.13. In the past several years there has been.14. Now it is commonly held that. .but I doubt whether 15. Currently there is a widespread concern that.16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that 17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of.18. Faced with.quite a few people argue that. , but other people conceive differently.四、用于文章结尾的句型l. From this point of view2. In a word.3. In conclusion.4. On account of this we can find that.5. The result is dependent on.6. Therefore, these findings reveal the following information:. . .7. Thus, this is the reason why we must.8. To sum up 9. As far as.be concerned, l believe that.10. It is obvious that 11. There is little doubt that 12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of. . , but.might be helpful.13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way.14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on.15. Taking into account all these factors , we may safely reach the conclusion that 五、万能模板With

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