八年级下册所有短语总结.doc

51期B1B4B1重点短语动词短语动词短语主要是由动词+介词或名词构成的。一、动词+介词【归纳】laugh at嘲笑；取笑, deal with处理；应付, concentrate on全神贯注于；专心于, care about担心；关心, remind of提醒；使记起, dream of梦想；幻想；向往, take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像, ask for要；要求；请求, chat with与聊天【拓展】六年级至八年级上的动词+介词：get to到达, arrive at / in到达, depend on视而定；决定于, look at朝看, major in主修；专研, work on从事；忙于, look through浏览, look for寻找, pay for付款, wait for等候, care for关心, hear about听说, hear of听说, addto把加到【巩固】按照要求完成下列小题。1. Amy, Ill be on holiday for a week. Could you help me _ my dog? A. look for B. look at C. look after D. look over (2008 河南)2. Deng Yaping went to Qinghua University and _ English and management.A. majored at B. majored in C. majored for (2008 自贡)3. Try to give its meaning when you meet a new word. Dont _ your dictionary all the time. A. work on B. take on C. keep on D. depend on (2007 沈阳)4. Lots of people in our city _ the old and the disabled. They usually offer their seats to them on buses or help them cross the road.A. care for B. take care C. agree with D. take pride in (2008 青岛)5. -Nobody likes _, so youd better be kind to others. -So sorry. I wont do it again. A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. to be laughed at D. to be laughed (2008 达州)6. From now on, you have to _ (付钱) plastic bags when you are shopping. (2008 十堰)7. When we climb the hill on Sundays, Jack always _ (到达) at the top first. (2008 南京)8. I _ _ (等候) you at the school gate, but you didnt come. (2008 福州)9. Dont be afraid of making mistakes in class. You wont be _ (嘲笑). (2007 河北邢台)10. 每天傍晚，我奶奶在家翻阅杂志。 Every evening my grandma magazines at home. (2008 天津)11. 最近我几乎没有时间和朋友在网上聊天。These days I hardly have time to _ _ my friends on the Internet. (2008 攀枝花)Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. pay for 7. arrives 8. waited for 9. be laughed at 10. looks through 11. chat with二、动词+名词【归纳】have a great time玩得愉快, make mistakes犯错；出错, take notes做笔记；做记录, try ones best尽力做, make a decision做决定；下决心, make friends交友【拓展】六年级至八年级上的动词+名词：watch TV看电视, play sports参加运动或比赛, have a look看一看, take a shower淋浴；洗澡, do homework做作业, take a walk散步, have fun玩得开心, have a cold患感冒, take a vacation去度假, do the chores洗餐具, make ones / the bed整理床铺, do chores处理琐事；干家务, do the laundry洗衣服, take place发生, make a living谋生, take care当心；小心, break the rule违反规则【巩固】按照要求完成下列小题。1. Excuse meCould you please _ for us? Were thirsty and tired.A. make money B. make a living C. make coffee D. make trouble (2008 济南)2. Alice is so nice that everyone likes to _ (交朋友). (2007 河北邢台)3. 我们将竭尽全力地去帮助那些正在遭受大地震磨难的四川人民。(2008 扬州)We shall _ to help the people in Sichuan who _ the big earthquake. Keys: 1. C 2. make friends 3. try our best; are suffering from三、动词+名词+介词【归纳】take pride in对感到自豪, pay attention to对注意；留心【拓展】六年级至八年级上的动词+名词+介词：take part in参加；参与, take care of照看；照顾, take an interest in对感兴趣, make friends with与交友, fall in love with爱上, help oneself to自己随便吃【巩固】按照要求完成下列小题。1. This photo reminds me _ the days when I worked _ the farm with my classmates A. about; in B. about; on C. of; in D. of; on (2008 无锡)2. The boy has been _ his parents for years because they are both disabled. (2008 滨州)A. taking after B. taking pride in C. taking care of D. taking an interest in 3. The guide said that much attention must _ these details. A. pay B. be paid C. pay to D. be paid to (2007 无锡)4. Traditional Beijing opera will be _ (增加) to the music courses in 200 schools in China. (2008 苏州)5. _ _ _ (请随便吃点) some juice, kids. (2008 莆田)6. 我们应该多参加课外活动。 We should _ in after-school activities more often. (2008 重庆)Keys: 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. added 5. Help yourselves to 6. take part四、动词+副词+介词【归纳】stay away from与保持距离, hold on to继续；坚持；保持, get back to sb.过一会儿再与某人通话, look forward to盼望；期待【拓展】六年级至八年级上的动词+副词+介词：get along / on with与相处, do well in在方面做得好, run out of用完；用尽, come up with想出【巩固】按照要求完成下列小题。1. -It seems that my teachers sometimes dont understand me.-Talk with them more often and you will _ them.A. get along well with B. deal with C. come up with D. be angry with (2008 临沂)2. We believe scientists will _ a way to solve the problem of air pollution.A. set off B. put off C. come up with D. catch up with (2008 张家口) 3. It is reported that thousands of people are looking forward to _ (come) to Beijing to watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics. (2008 莆田)4. The day that we had looked forward to _ (到了). We could have a good rest. (2008淮安)Keys: 1. A 2. C 3. coming 4. came短语动词短语动词是由动词+副词构成的。【归纳】end up结束；结果为, wake up睡醒；醒来, look up查阅, make up编造；组成, give up放弃, stay up不睡觉；熬夜, clean up把打扫干净, cheer up使振奋；使高兴起来, set up建立；创立；开办, think up想出, fix up修理；修补, put up张贴；搭建, give out分发；发放, hand out分发；发放, work out产生结果；发展；成功, help (sb.) out帮助(某人)解决困难, clean out清除；把打扫干净, break off突然中止；中断, put off推迟；拖延, give away赠送；分发, go by (指时间)过去；消逝【拓展】六年级至八年级上的短语动词：get up起床, cut up切碎, mix up混合在一起, grow up生长；成长, call up打电话给, open up打开, pick up捡起, hang out闲逛, take out取出, keep out不让进入, get out出去；离开, put out熄灭, come out 出版, run away逃跑；跑掉, take away拿走, come along (意外地)出现；发生；来到, get along / on相处, take off起飞, come over顺便来访, turn on打开, get back回来, come in进来, pass on传递, get over克服；恢复；原谅, turn down调节使音量变小【巩固】按照要求完成下列小题。1. He _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. A. picked up B. threw away C. looked for D. handed in (2007 河北邢台)2. -Could you give me a hand? I want to _ the map on the wall. -With pleasure. A. put up B. look up C. open up D. turn up (2007 湖北宜昌)3. My parents and I like to _ outside after dinner. It is really relaxing. A. run off B. hang out C. dress up (2007 太原)4. -Dont _, my children. Keep working on and you will be successful. - Thank you, Mr. Wang. Well try our best.A.put up B. turn off C. work outD. give up (2007 浙江金华)5. A lot of meetings were _ because of the dangerous disease. A. turned off B. set off C. put off D. taken off (2007 天津)6. -When did the tutors new book _? -Last month.A. take out B. put out C. come out D. go out (2008 随州)7. -Youd better hurry, or well be late for the plane. -Dont worry. The plane will _ in two hours. A. take in B take away C. take off D. take out (2008 南京)8. Wang Fang was very brave. She _ the fire with a blanket and saved the old man.A. put out B. put up C. put away D. put on (2008 宿迁)9. In 1946, UNICEF _ (set) up to help children whose lives were changed because of the Second World War. (2008 无锡)10. 如果你们有什么问题，请随时举手。If you have any questions, feel free to _ _ your hands. (2007 天津)11. 那位科学家宁愿尝试不成功，也不愿意放弃他的计划。 The scientist _ _ try and fail than _ _ his plan. (2007 无锡)12. 她长大后想当一名歌手。_ (2008 苏州)13. 在解放军的帮助下，汶川人民已经克服了很多困难。The people in Wenchuan a lot of difficulties with the help of the PLA. (2008 济南)14. Jim sings songs to make the sick girl happy. (同义句转换)Jim sings songs to _ _ the sick girl. (2008 临沂)Keys: 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. was set 10. put up 11. would rather; give up 12. She wants to be a singer when she grows up. 13. have got over 14. cheer up介词短语介词短语是由介词+名词构成的，在句子中主要用作状语、定语、表语等。【归纳】(not) at all根本不；全然不, at present目前；现在, at once立即；马上, at first首先, in the end最后；终于, in the way挡道的；妨碍人的, in agreement意见一致, in general通常；大体上；一般而言, on display展览；陈列, to ones surprise令某人惊奇的是【拓展】六年级至八年级上的介词短语：at night在晚上, at the moment此刻；现在, at least至少, in English用英语, in the future未来；将来, in fact 实际上, in good health身体健康, in style时髦的；流行的, out of style不时髦的；过时的, on the right在右边, on the phone用电话交谈；在通话, on the one hand一方面, on the other hand另一方面, on time准时, by bus乘坐公共汽车, by boat乘坐小船, by the way顺便；附带说说, around the world在世界各地 【巩固】按照要求完成下列小题。1. I didnt pass the math exam last month. _, how do you study for a math test? A. By accident B. By mistake C. By the way D. By the time (2008 滨州)2. 有时一个广告会使你买一些你根本不需要的东西。At times an advertisement can lead you to buy something _. (2008 宜昌)3. Tom usually takes the bus to school. (同义句转换)Tom usually goes to school _ _. (2008 巴中)4. _ _ (实际上), water makes up the largest part of the human body. (2008 莆田)5. There are many wild animals _ _ (处于危险中), such as pandas and tigers. (2008 福州)6. 如果你告诉他实情他会很生你的气，但至少证明你是诚实的。If you tell him the truth, hell be angry with, but youll prove how honest you are. (2008 天津)Keys: 1. C 2. you dont need at all 3. by bus 4. In fact 5. in danger 6. at least短语介词短语介词是用作介词的短语，不可独立使用，本身不能用作句子成分，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等。【归纳】instead of代替；而不是, thanks to幸亏；由于；因为【拓展】六年级至八年级上的短语介词：across from在对面, next to贴近, in front of在前面, as for至于；关于, because of因为；由于, 【巩固】按照要求完成下列小题。1. On this way, the computer room is _ _ (在近旁；紧邻) the lab. (2008 莆田)2. 由于空气污染较少，扬州适合人居住。Yangzhou is suitable for people to live in _ less air pollution. (2008 扬州)Keys : 1. next to 2. thanks to; because ofbe+形容词+介词【归纳】be angry with生的气；对感到气愤, be interested in对感兴趣, be afraid / terrified of对感到害怕, be bad for对有害, be similar to与相似【拓展】be good at擅长；在方面做得好, be mad at生的气, be surprised at对吃惊, be proud of为而骄傲, be famous for以著名, be excited about对兴奋, be pleased with对高兴【巩固】按照要求完成下列小题。1. -You never feel worried before an exam. How can you? -Well, Ive been working hard all the time. Surely I am _ any exam.A. busy with B. afraid of C. ready for D. interested in (2007 湖北宜昌)2. She was so _ the good news that she couldnt say a word.A. excited aboutB. interested in C. angry with D. afraid of (2008 东营)3. -Why do you turn down the radio? -Im _ waking the baby.A. afraid of B. busy with C. careful for D. willing to (2008 十堰)4. Lily takes after her twin sister. A. looks after B. is similar to C. takes out (2008 巴中)5.My mother is angry with me because I didnt finish the homework.A. surprised at B. mad at C. excited at (2007 四川内江)6. We are very _ (surprise) at the news. (2008 青海)7. 他们的家庭生活和我们的相似，喜欢的食品和爱好也相同。 Their family life is ours, and they enjoy the same food and hobbies.8. 我们为祖国而骄傲。We _ _ _ our motherland. (2008 淄博)9. 我们中国人对美国演员莎朗斯通所说的话感到愤慨。We Chinese people _ what the American actress Sharon Stone has said. (2008 宿迁)10. 布朗过去常乘火车旅行，因为他害怕乘飞机。Brown _ travel by train as he _ flying. (2008 扬州)Keys: 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. surprised 7. similar to 8. are proud of / take pride in 9. are angry with 10. used to; is afraid / terrified ofbe+形容词+to (do)【归纳】be afraid to害怕去做；不敢去做, be willing to乐意做【拓展】be able to能够；得以, be unable to不能够【巩固】按照要求完成下列小题。1. -Peter is ill in hospital.-Im not _ to hear that. Ive been telling him not to work so late every day! A. surprised B. sorry C. glad D. excited (2007 湖北宜昌)2. If we dont protect the animals, we will be _ (不能) to see them in the future. (2008 南京)Keys: 1. A 2. unable B4短文填空阅读短文，用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思通顺、完整。请将答案写在短文后相应题号的横线上。注意：每个词只能用一次。每空限填一词，有些词需要做相应的变化。其中有两个多余选项。where magazine already set allow happy umbrella twice raincoat great yet enjoyDave is packing for Saturdays fishing trip. He is his room now, where he had more than 20 rods (鱼竿) and reels (丝线). He usually goes fishing 1 a year at a big lake in southern California, once in summer and once in autumn.California tries to encourage more people to go fishing by 2 up a Free Fishing Day twice a year, once in June and once in September. That makes Dave very 3 . He goes mostly with some of his friends. Not only can they catch fish, but they can 4 the beautiful sights on the way - mountains, blue sky, green grass and trees. Packing is not an easy thing. Dave has 45 things to take to the lake 5 hell go fishing! He has packed two rods, because on Free Fishing Day people 6 to fish with two rods instead of the usual one rod. He has packed some T-shirts, jeans, two pair of socks and shoes, a jacket and a scarf. But he hasnt found his sunglasses 7 . Perhaps he needs to ask his mother for them. He has packed a 8 because it is often rainy in June. He has already packed several 9 to read before or after beginning to fish. He hopes to have a 10 time on Saturday.Keys: 1. twice 2. setting 3. happy 4. enjoy 5. where 6. are allowed 7. yet 8. raincoat 9. magazines 10. great原文网址：/qa2/stories/story068.htm轻松英语Five English Jokes1. When will the TV play begin?Tom (in the morning): When will the TV play begin?Mum: After dinner.Tom: Well, Lets have dinner right now.2. An advertisementOne man asked his friend, “Is your advertisement working out?”“It sure is,” replied his friend, “last week I advertised for a night watchman (守夜人). The next night my house was burgled (失窃；被盗).”3. Out they go! 他们走人！A man was asking for a job as a prison (监狱) guard (警卫).The warden (狱长) said, “Now these are real tough guys (难缠的家伙) in here. Do you think you can d