小学英语知识总结.doc

一、现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。1、构成：am/is/are+动词现在分词如：Be quiet, please！Your father is sleeping now. Look! The boys are playing basketball in the playground.Listen! The girls are singing a song. The children are playing in the park.2、现在分词是由动词原形加ing构成。现在分词一般构成规则如下：1）一般在动词末尾加ing.如：readreading, playplaying, sleepsleeping, listenlistening, crycrying, eateating2)辅音字母+e结尾，去e,再加ing,如：writewriting, bitebiting, makemaking3)重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing.如：sitsitting, swimswimming, runrunning, skipskipping,dropdropping二、一般现在时：表示经常性习惯性动作。如：I often get up at 6:30 every day.1、一般现在时通常与表示程度的副词（always,often,usually,never）连用。程度副词放在动词之前，be动词之后。如：Marry always washes her face at 6:15am.My father is never late for school. Sally is often late. I usually have breakfast at 7:30am.2、当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数构成规则如下：（与名词的单数变复数规则大致一样）(1) 一般情况下由动词后加-s构成workworks 工作 readreads 读 looklooks 看comecomes 来 livelives 居住 listenlistens 听(2) 以s, x, z, sh, ch 以及字母o结构的动词，后加-esguessguesses 猜 mixmixes 混和 gogoes 去finishfinishes 完成 catchcatches 抓住(3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应将 y 改为 i 再加 -esflyflies 飞行 studystudies 学习 carrycarries 带，扛 有个别的变化不规则，如havehas, beis 等。三、名词复数的规则变化1.最普遍直接+S:desk-desks,pen-pens.2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词+es.bus-buses watch-watches.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把y改i+es:baby-babies country-countries.4.以f或fe,如:thief life wife half等,要把f或fe变成v+es.而特殊要注意的safe roof belief gulf chief等词就直接加S.a. 把f, fe变为v再加es，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； 5 名词复数的不规则变化1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese四、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间或过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态.1、与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday(昨天)，last night(昨晚)，last week(上个星期)，just now(刚才)，this moring(今天早上2、.结构: 主语+动词的过去式+其它He went to the park yesterday. Where were you last week?This morning , I got up early , went out for a walk , then came back and cooked for my family3、动词过去式变化规则1)一般直接给动词加-ed.look-looked,watch-watchedclean-cleanedplay-playedstart-started2)以不发音的-e结尾的动词变过去式直接加-dlive-livedhope-hoped use-used love-lovedlike-liked3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed.stop-stoppedplan-plannedtrip-tripped drop-dropped4)末尾是以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变过去式,要变-y为-i,再加-ed.Study-studiedcry-criedcarry-carried try-tried5)不规则动词过去式的变化:am,is-was are-were do-did have/has-hadgo-went come-camebecome-becamemake-made get-gotforget-forgot eat-atefind-found run-ransing-sang give-gavewrite-wrote wear-wore think-thought buy-bought bring-broughtteach-taught catch-caught feel-feltkeep-kept sleep-slept leave-leftdraw-drew throw-threw know-knew fly-flew take-took tell-told sell-sold say-saidspend-spentspeak-spokebreak-broke cut-cut put-put read-read can-could五、一般将来时表示：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。1、构成：主语+willshall+动词原形 如：I will go to school tomorrow.Tomorrow will be rainy.2、一般将来时也可用：主语+be动词(am,is,are)+going to+动词原形来表示如： What is Dongdong going to do? He is going to pick up a stone.She is going to shout at Dongdong. He is going to throw the stone at the tiger.When are we going to swim? Who are we going to meet? 六、副词。副词修饰动词放在动词后，表示“怎么样地做某事”，由形容词变化而来。loudloudly slowslowly quietquietly quickquickly clearclearlysoftsoftly noisynoisily carefulcarefully happyhappily如：The children are playing noisily. She cannot hear her friend clearly.You are talking noisily, please play quietly. Mrs Zhao is dancing happily. 七、形容词形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征，常常意为“的a beautiful flower a happy girl a nice day an old man1、形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较, 其结构形式如下: A+be动词/have/has+形容词比较级+than+ B 表示“A比B更”This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。 The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮更大。My singing is louder than yours. 我的歌声比你的大点儿。She is younger than my sister. 她比我妹妹年轻。2、形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 表示“之最”其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 She is the best student in her class. 她是班上最好的学生。 Tom is the tallest boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。 Fairy tales are the less interesting stories. 童话故事是最无聊的故事。3. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成方法如下：a. 单音节词和少数双音节词以加-er和-est的方式构成： 原级 比较级 最高级young年轻younger较年轻 youngest最年轻 talltaller tallest softsofter softestold老 older较老 oldest最老 smallsmaller smallest loudlouder loudestclean干净 cleaner较干净cleanest最干净 longlonger longest greatgreater greatestb.以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-er和-est.big-biggerbiggest hot-hotterhottest thin-thinnerthinnest fatfatter fattestc.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改i再加-er和-est.easy-easiereasiest busy-busierbusies happy-happierhappiest heavyheavier heaviestd.多音节或部分双音节形容词在前面加more, most构成比较级和最高级：原级 比较级 最高级important more important most important boringmore boring , most boringdifficult more difficult most difficult worriedmore worried , most worriedinteresting more interesting most interesting excitedmore excited , most exciteduseful more useful most useful deliciousmore delicious , most delicious八、祈使句祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议、禁止等。1、由“Lets +动词原形”构成的祈使句， 如Lets go to the library. 咱们去图书馆吧！Lets go to the Underwater World. 咱们去海底世界吧！2、直接以动词原形开头。如：Stand up, please! 请起立！ Keep quiet, please! 请保持安静！3、祈使句的否定形式在句首加Dont.如：Dont put your feet on the seat. 不要把脚放在座位上。Dont put your hands in the rubbish bin.不要把手放在垃圾箱上。六年级上册重点短语，句型：1、throwat朝仍. Dont throw stones at the dog, Mingming.2、look at 瞧，看 His dog is looking at the children.3、climb up 往上爬 Mingming is climbing up the slide.明明正往楼梯上爬。4、星期前用介词on，如：on weekdays， on Saturday.5、具体到某月的某一天用介词on,如：When is your birthday? My birthday is on July 4th.( 或者My birthday is on the fourth of July)6、一年的12个月单词：1月 January 2月 February 3月 March 4月 April 5月 May 6月 June 7月 July 8月 August 9月 September 10月 October 11月 November 12月 December7、时间点前用介词at，如：Marry makes her bed at 6:05. The family usually has breakfast at 6:30am.8、get up 起床 make the bed 整理床铺 have breakfast 吃早餐 have lunch 吃午餐have dinner/supper 吃晚餐 wake up 醒来9、leave for 启程去，出发去，如：My father always leaves for work at seven oclock.10、be late for 迟到 如：He is never late for work/school.他从不上班/上学迟到。11、talk about 谈论 如：The children are talking about where they wanted to go .12、take a magic medicine 吃一种神奇的药 feel lonely 感到孤独 13、try to + 动词原形 “试着” each other 互相、彼此 Change and her husband tried to see each other.14、lunar month 阴历月份 get together 聚在一起15、look 看起来 Peter looked weak. 彼得看起来虚弱。16、 be worried about 对担心，忧郁 如：His mother was worried about him.17、Whats the matter? 发生什么了/怎么了？Whats the matter with you ?Im always tired.18、how tall/heavy/ old are you? 你多高/多重/多大？ Im 150 centimeters tall. Im 32 kilogrammes. Im twelve yeas old. How long is the desk?桌子有多长？19、too+形容词原级，“太”too big 太大 too small 太小 too long太长 too hot太热 too heavy 太重 too ugly 太丑20、have an idea 想出了一个好主意 in a field 在田地里21、cant =can not “不能，不会”，can 是情态动词，后跟动词原形。变一般疑问句时，将can提到句首 ，变否定句，在can后加not. 如：Can you lift this box? -Yes , I can./No I cant.否定句：I can not lift this box.22、onethe other 一个另一个 One bird was smaller than the other.23、put away 推开，挤开 most of 大多数 most of the food大多数食物 fly away飞走24、thinner and thinner 越来越瘦 softer and softer 越来越柔和 and连接两个比较级，表示“越来越”The smaller bird became thinner and thinner.25、at the zoo在动物园 pick up捡起，拾起 put down 放下 towards 朝，向 Lingling runs towards Dongdong.26、shout at 向大喊 She is going to shout at Dongdong.27、walk down 向下走 walk down the stairs 下楼 along 沿着 walk along the street 沿着街道走 see a film 看电影 28、giveto把给Lingling gave（give的过去式）a huge sweet to Dongdong.29、wait for等候 They are waiting for a bus.30、put on穿上 Were going to put on our swimming suits fisrt.31、as +形容词原级+as “和一样” 否定在前面加not，即not asas 不如 没有Im as happy as a bird. Youre not as strong as I.六年级下册重点短语，句型：1.begoodat.擅长于.1）后接动名词Iamgoodatswimming.2)后接名词IamgoodatEnglish.Whatareyougoodat?Iamgoodat jumping.Whatareyounotgoodat?Iamnotgoodat singing.Whatisyourbestfriendgoodat?/WhatisAnne/Petergoodat?She/Heisgoodat dancing.2、like doing sth. 喜欢做某事Whatdoyoulikedoing?- Ilikewatchingfilms.3、Doyoulikefishing?Yes,Ido./No,Idont4、wanttodo(动词原形) sth. 想要做某事Whatdoyouwanttodo?-Iwanttoflyakite.第三人称：WhatdoesPeter/shewanttodo?-Peter/Shewantstoreadabook.过去时态：Whatdidhewanttodo?-Hewantedtoplaycomputergames.5、Haveyougot.?你有.? Haveyougotenoughmoney?你有足够的钱吗？Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.6、enough用来修饰形容词,形容词放在enough的前面。usefulenough足够有用 用来修饰名词时，名词放在enough的后面。enoughmoney足够的钱 too用来修饰形容词, 形容词放在too的后面。toocheap太便宜tooexpensive 太贵7、beinterestedin.对.感兴趣 Iaminterestedinspace/playingfootball.8、look like 看起来像 Whatdoesitlooklike?它看起来像什么？-Itlookslikeadragon.9、特定词前加定冠词the.theearth/sea/land地球/海洋/陆地10、（1）more+可数名词的复数(较多的.)morehawkers/shops较多的小商贩/商店more+不可数名词morerain/rubbish/milk/water/cheese/butter较多的雨垃圾/牛奶/水/干酪/黄油（2）fewer+可数名词复数（较少的.few的比较级）fewerbicyclesfewerpeople(集合名词)较少的人（3）Less+不可数名词（较少的.little的比较级）lessrain/rubbish/milk/water11、Inwhichpicturearetherefewerpeople?-TherearefewerpeopleinPictureOne.Inwhichpictureistherelessrain? -ThereislessraininPictureTwo.Inwhichpicturearetheremorehawkers?-TherearemorehawkersinPictureOne.12、IhavelessmilkthanDongdong.我与东东相比有较少的牛奶/我比东东少些牛奶。PictureAhasmoreflowers/peoplethanPictureB.图A与图B相比有较多的花/人。13、A+be动词+形容词比较级+thanB（两者比较）Theboyistallerthanthegirl.这个男孩比女孩更高。Swimmingintheseaismoreexcitingthanswimminginapool在海里游泳比在泳池游泳更兴奋。PictureAislessbeautifulthanPictureB.图A不如图B漂亮。14、（1）A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B（宾格/主格）（A比B更）如：Sheistallerthanme.她比我高。（2）A+be动词+the+形容词最高级（三者或三者以上进行比较）Therabbitisthenoisiestanimal.兔子是最吵闹的动物。TheChangjiangriveristhelongestriverinChina.长江是中国最长的河流。Fairytalesarethemostboringstories.童话故事是最无趣的故事。CloudyDaysistheleastinterestingbook.阴天是最少趣味的书。15、not.atall（一点也不、根本不） notinterestingatall(没一点趣味)16、CanIhelpyou?我能帮你吗？Wewanttoborrowsomebooks.我们想借一些书。17、（1）Imtoofat.WhatcanIdo?我太胖，我该怎么办？Youcandomoreexercises.你可以多做运动。（2）WhatcanLingling/hedo?She/Hecanwalkhome.(3)thirsty(口渴的)-drinksomewatertired（疲劳的）-havearest/gotobedill/fellsick（病的）-goandseeadoctorcold（寒冷的）-putonyourcoathungry（饥饿）-eatsomebiscuitsbored(无聊的)-readsomecomics(4)Thankyouverymuch.-Youarewelcome./Notatall.不用谢。 18、（1）will+动词原形 将会 Iwillgetwet.我将会弄湿。Iwillgo