Modules1-6语法重点总结.doc

Module 1一、语法1. Why dont you do . ? 提建 2. Why not do . ? Thanks!议的 3. You should (shouldnt) do . . 回答 Good!表达 4. Its a good idea to do . . Excellent!方式 5. Try (not) to do . . 6. How about/ What about doing . ?二、重点句子1. You should speak English in class.2. You should write down your mistakes in your notebooks.3. Why dont you write down the correct spelling and grammar next to the mistakes?4. How about listening to the radio or reading a newspaper in English?5. Try not to translate every word.6. Everyone should have a pen friend and write email messages to each other.7. Its a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day.Modules 24现在完成时：1. 过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成了一定的影响和后果;2. 结构：由助动词have/has +动词的过去分词构成；肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。回答：Yes, have（has）No, havent（hasnt）否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“havent（hasnt）过去分词”。3. 现在完成时的时间状语:already, just, yet, since, ever, never；4. 与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时是强调动作在过去发生，而现在完成时是强调过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响和后果。5. 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, just now, ago, last week, 2 years ago,in 1980等。例：1. We planted (plant) some flowers in the garden last week.2. I have sent (send) the letter.3. He has come (come ) back home, he is watching (watch) TV now.4. David finished (finish) his homework just now.5. The monkeys are full, because we have fed (feed) them.6. A: I have lost (lose) my purse! B. Bad luck! When did you lose (lose) it? A: I lost (lose) it last night.6. 与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never肯定句: already, just疑问句和否定句: ever, yet, neveryet 常置于句末already, never, ever just一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前例：用 already, just或never, yet完成句子1) I have been to many big cities, but I never been to Shanghai.2) Most of us have already finished our compositions.3) Have they taken down the old pictures yet ? No, not yet .4) He has already visited Beijing twice.5) I have just heard the news. I know it.7. 现在完成时中的for和since（1）for + 一段时间（用How long提问）We have known each other for ten years. 我们相识10年了。（2）since + 句子/具体时间since 引导的短语或从句用How long提问since过去一个时间点（具体的年、月、日、钟点等）。Tom has eaten nothing since yesterday.since + 一段时间agoWe have been friends since five months ago. 从5个月前起，我们就成了朋友。since+从句，表示“自过去某个时间、某件事情以来”，从句时态：一般过去时。I have lived here since I left Shanghai.It is+一段时间since从句，表示“自从某件事发生已有一段时间了”。It is two years since I left school.8. 在含for或since引导的时间状语的现在完成时中，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。非延续性动词不能直接和for或since 连用。leave - be away die - be deadbegin/start - be on finish - be overcome here - be here go there - be therecome back - be back fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) leave - be away fromgo (get) out be out open sth - keep sth openjoin - be in+组织机构/be a member of+组织机构fall ill - be ill get up-be upcatch a cold - have a cold borrow - keepbuy - have get to know - knowput on wear例：1. The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years.2. It is 4 years since the old man died. Four years has passed since the old man died.3. He joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years.4. I bought the book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days. Module 5反意疑问句：用于对某一事物或观点没有确切的把握，或者用于加强自己的观点。陈述句简短的一般疑问句 助动词/be动词/情态动词代词 肯定或否定 与陈述句的主语一致 肯定 否定 否定 肯定注意： 1. 反问部分的be动词，助动词或情态动词要与陈述句部分一致。2. 陈述句与反问句在时态和人称上要一致。3. 陈述句部分如果为否定句或含有否定意义的词（如：nothing，never, little, few等），反问句要用肯定式；陈述句部分如果式肯定句，反问部分要用否定式。例：He was not at home at that time, wasnt he?May listens to pops everyday, doesnt she?We know nothing about him, do we?You havent heard of him, have you?4. 当句子为祈使句时，反问句一般用will you，表示请求或建议对方作某事，询问对方是否愿意。注：当祈使句为“Lets .”结构时，用shall we 反问。Drive more slowly, will you?Lets walk out of the library quietly, shall we?5. 回答：看陈述句的肯定部分，当事实为肯定时，用Yes；事实为否定时，用No。当陈述句为否定句时，把否定部分忽略，只看肯定部分的意思。Module 6过去进行时1. 基本概念表示在过去某一具体时间内的某一持续性行为，即过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去时间的词组或从句连用。2. 基本结构：be动词的过去式was/were现在分词 即：was/weredoing was用于第一人称及第三人称单数，were用于第二人称及复数。3. 基本句型肯定式：was/were + doingI/She/He was working on the farm from 2 oclock to 4 oclock. 2点到4点我/她/他一直都在农场里干活。否定式：was/were + not+ doingI/She/He wasnt working on the farm from 2 oclock to 4 oclock. 2点到4点我/她/他并不在农场里干活。疑问式：把was/were放于句首 。 Were you/they working on the farm from 2 oclock to 4 oclock? 2点到4点你/你们/他们一直都在农场里干活吗？Yes, I was./Yes, we/they were. 是的，我/我们/他们在干活。No, I wasnt./No, we/they werent. 不是，我/我们/他们并没有在干活。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。4. 基本用法（1） 表示过去某时间正在进行的动作或持续的行为，常和表过去的时间状语连用。I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。（2） 可用来为另一个动作的发生提供背景。表示背景的句子通常用过去进行时，而另一个句子则用一般过去时。He hurt his leg when he was riding a bike.他在骑车时把腿摔坏了。5. 现在进行时和过去进行时的区别表示说话时正在进行的动作用现在进行时。I am writing a letter now. (am/is/are+doing)Look! They are waiting for you.1. We are working ( work ) on a farm now.2. Listen! Someone is knocking (knock) at the door.3. Lucy isnt reading ( not read) at the moment.4. Where are they? They are running (run) outside.表示过去某时正在进行的动作要用过去进行时。My parents were watching TV a