新国际音标发音规则.doc

赠暑期热爱学习的同学们学英语真好玩，一百符号要记全；字母共计五十二，大写、小写各一半；音标共计四十八，元音二十，辅音二十八；学英语，很容易，听说读写和翻译；多模仿，多记忆，早读晚听别忘记；只要坚持有毅力，考试定能取得好成绩；理想大学属于你，将来必定成大器。在初中各门学科中，英语是最容易两极分化的学科，而词汇学习是学生学英语的一道“门槛”。可以说如果学生学会了如何记忆单词，那么，他就掌握了学习英语特别有利的途径。许多学生因为词汇量小，看不懂课本，听不懂录音，听不懂老师讲课，一些练习无法做，从而丧失了学习英语的兴趣和信心。因而要多运用音标等多种途经加强对单词的识记至关重要。一、26个英文字母及发音音标如下: A a ei B b bi: C c si: D d di: E e i: F f ef G g di: H h eitI i ai J j dei K k kei L l el M m em N n en O o P p pi: Q q kju: R r : S s es T t ti: U u ju: V v vi: W w dblju:X x eks Y y wai Z z zi: / zed二、以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: 1)含元音音素ei 字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标: ei eit dei kei 2) 含元音音素i: 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv 音标: bi: si: di: i: di: pi: ti: vi: 3) 含元音音素e 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz 音标: ef el em en es eks zed 4) 含元音字母Uu或元音音素u: 字母: Uu Qq Ww 音标: ju: kju: dblju:5) 含元音音素ai 字母: Ii Yy 音标: ai wai6) Dont forget Oo / and Rr/:/三、区别元音字母Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu与元音二十个音素。不定冠词a放在辅音开头的词前；an放在元音开头的词前。大多数元音字母开头的词，一般发元音，但有些就不是，如字母Uu, 单词useful, university, European等。一般辅音字母开头的词发辅音，但有些就不是，如hour, honest这两个单词中h都不发音。如：1) an Aa / Ee / Ii / Oo, an Ll / Ss / Xx / Rr an orange/apple/egg/ English teacher/ eraser / ID card/ 11-year-old boy；an hour a 一小时，an honest man一个诚实的人（这儿的h不发音）an 8-year-old boy 一位八岁的男孩 an egg an eraser2) a Uu/ Bb / Pp a useful jU:sfulbook一本有用的书（这儿u第一个音发/ j/）a universityju:nv:st 一座大学 a Europeanju:rpn man 一位欧州人如：There is an “r” and a “u”in the word “ruler”.He is an English teacher. Hell be back in half an hour. I eat an apple and a pear every day.四、英语国际音标表（48个） 元音 (20个) 单元音(12个)长元音i:u:a: 短元音iue 双元音(8个)aieiiiuau辅音(28个)10对(20个)清辅音ptkfs trts浊辅音bdgvz ddrdz鼻音(3个)mn似拼音(3个)hrl半元音(2个)wj前元音/i:/e/后元音/:/:/U:/中元音/ /:/双元音/e/a/a/e/爆破音/p/b/ t/d/ k/g/摩擦音/f/v/s/z/ r/ h/破擦音/ts/dz/tr/dr/t/d/鼻辅音/m/n/舌侧音/ /半元音/ j/ w/五、国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系从音标到字母和字母组合、单元音： i: e:he she me we these Chinese Japaneseea:tea eat meat sea ee:see tree meet green teenei:receive ey:key i:police policeman policewoman machineeo:peopleie:piece field believe thief: a:orange cabbageay:Sunday holidaye:begin English pretty cinema ey:monkey volleyballi:it is in big thisy:city very sorryu:busyui:build building ai:captain mountain certainlye: a:any many anyone anything anybody anywhereai:said paiday:says e:pen bed yes egg deskea:bread head breakfastu:bury:a:bag am and at sad happy handsome:a:class banana father afteral:half palm calmar:car far park arm star partyau:aunt laughear:heart : o: come none love other mother another some money honeyoo:blood floodou:touch country enough young u:bus sun but cut up us mutton:ear:learn earth early hearder:her term ir:first girl bird skirt sir thirdor在/ w/后:work word world worse worstur:nurse turn hurt Thursdayyr:myrtle our:journalist journal:a:along about banana Canada Chinae:student open children different differentlyi:holiday Aprilo:today welcome policeu:minus autumner:father mother brother sister player singer winner meteror:doctor forget mirror color visitor actor ar:sugar grammarre:metre tired fireou:delicious previousur:surprise Saturdayour:colour ure:picture pleasure nature future temperatureoar:cupboard yr:martyr satyru:ew:flew grew review blew threwo:do to who whose whomoo:too zoo food pool boot schoolou:soup group throughu:blue glue Juneui:fruit juiceoe:shoe :o:woman wolfoo:book look good footoul:could would shouldu:put sugar full push:(w)a:want wash watch whato:hot on not sorry dogou:cough au:Australia:(w)a:wateral:all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall walk(w)ar:warm quarter warau:August autumn daughter caught taughtaw:draw saw lawoor:door floorore:more before or:or for short sportou:bought brought thought foughtour:four yourawe:awe awed awelessoar:board blackboard cupboard keyboardo:story、双元音：a:i:time like nice fine five writey:my by whyi(g):sign high light right ie:die lie tie(5)ei: heighte:a:name cake game face placeai:rain train wait straightay: day may okay play today yesterdayei:veil veinei(gh):eight eighteen eightyey:theyea:great break:e:zero cereal seriousea:real really idea cerealere:here ear:ear dear hear near cleareer:beer deer pioneer:o:go no nose homeow:show know yellow windowoa:goat boat coatou:shoulder though althoughoe:woe:ure:sure oor:poor our:tour tourista:ou:out about house blouse mouse mouthow:how now cow bowe:air:air hair chair fair unfairare:care hare parent careful carefullyear:pear wear bearere:there whereeir:their theirsa:Mary:oi:oil toilet boil soil joinoy:boy toy employee、辅音：清浊成对辅音：p-b t-d k-g f-v s-z - - ts-dz t-d tr-dr清音浊化：清辅音p t k tr等在s后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即发其浊辅音b d g dr，但音标仍写成清辅音。如：sportsp:t，studentstju:dnt， skyska, streetstri:t。但弱读时s后的清辅音仍读请辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。如：hostesshsts。p:p:pen map help cheap pencil paperpp:apple happy appearb:b:bag by bed boy bus bluebb:rabbit cabbaget:t:ten time not get tablett:bottle bottom little prettyed:watched washed cooked helped danceddressed laughedd:d:desk door day dog dd:add daddy middleed:played cleaned climbed answered arrived called studied emptied enjoyed criedk:c:cat come cut clock cry picture bloccc: occasion according occupy acclaim ch:school Christmas chemistry technology stomachk:book bike cake kite Kate lookck:black duck clock jacket cockq:Iraq coq que:unique techniqueg:g:go girl big getgg:egg bigger biggestgu:guess guestgue:dialogue gh:ghyll ghostf:f:five fish fine family fifteenph:photo phone elephant photograph physicsgh:laugh enoughff:off coffeev:v:very five havef:ofs:c:nice city cycle bicycle s:sit six some bus use us desk booksss:miss class glass grasssc:science scientist sceneps:psalm psywarz:s:is his please music lose husband appleses:leaves thieves knives wives cities countriesz:zoo zerozz:buzz:th:three thank month thin math:th:this the with than clothes clothing the:breathe soythe:sh:she shoe short shop washs:sure Asiac: special sufficient delicioust:station national patient collectionss:Russia professionch:machine:s:usually television pleasurez:seizurege:garagets:ts:shirts hurts coats costs goats itsts:Lets its thats whatstes:kites gates dateszz:pizzadz:ds:beds birds hands friendsdes:decidest:ch:chair much lunch Chinatch:watch catch matcht: picture question future natural nature d:g(e):age page huge orangeg:gentle gentleman generaldge:bridge porridge judgej:jump jacket just June Jim Julych:sandwichtr:tr:tree trip try true truth trulydr:dr:dress drive hundred children 、单个辅音：h:h:he her have hand head hair(w)h:who whom whosewholel:l:let look please lake people untilll:tell full till bell(t)l(e):whistler:r:red right threerr:sorry worry hurry carry carrot(w)r:write wrongm:m:man meat meet timemm:common communicatem(b):climb lambm(n):autumn n:n:name nice nine near under(k)n:know knifenn:Ann(m)n:mnemonics:ng:sing long young morningn(k):thank think ink pinkn(g):Englishw:w:we window work walkw(h):what why where white whenj:y:yes you year yellowj:Jensen ja hallelujah jaapi:onion review million billion brilliant behaviore:Europe European 五、国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系 从字母和字母组合到音标.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音a在重读开音节中读e：name cake game face a在重读闭音节中读：bag am and at sad a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,p,h前读:：class fast grasp ask father after dance grapha在w后读或:：want what waterw:ta在ny前读e：any manya弱读时读：along about banana Canada Chinaa在非重读音节中读：orange cabbagea读e：Maryai读e：rain train waitai读：captain ai读e：saiday读e：day may okay play todayay弱读读：Sunday holidayay读e：saysair读e：air hair chairal在多数辅音字母前读:（f,m除外）：all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wallal还读:l（特别当后面不是k,f,m时）：also saltal在辅音字母f,m前读:：half palmar在重读音节中读:：:car far park arm starar在w后读:：warm quarterar弱读读：sugarare读e：care hare parentass在重读音节中读:s：class glass grass passau在重读音节中读:：August autumn daughterau读：Australiaau还读作:：aunt laughaw在重读音节中读:：draw saw lawawe读:：awe awed aweless. 元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音e在重读开音节中读i:：he she me wee在重读闭音节中读e：pen bed yes egg deske在非重读音节中读：begin English pretty cinemae弱读读：student open children differente读：zero hero seriouse读j：Europeea在重读音节中读i:：tea eat meatea读e：bread head breakfastea读e：great breakea读：real really idea cerealear读:：learn earth early heardear读e：pear wear bearear读：ear dear hear near clear nearly nearbyear读:：hearted在大部分清辅音后读t（t除外）：watched washed cooked helped danceded在元音和浊辅音后读d(d除外)：played cleaned climbed answered arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed crieded在td后读d：wanted neededee在重读音节中读i:：see tree seeeer读：beer deer pioneerei读i:：receiveei读e：veil veinei在gh前读e：eight eighteen eightyeir读e：their theirseo读i:：peopleer在重读闭音节中读:：her termer在非重读音节中读：father mother brother sisterere读：hereere读e：there wherees在浊辅音（z d除外）及元音后，es发z：leaves thieves knives wivespotatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes goes does families storieses在sztd后读z：buses blouses dishes garages watches orangesew读ju:：new newspaper reviewew在l,r,j后读u:：flew grew Jewex读eks：exercise exitex读ks：excle expensive extinctex读gz：exam examination exactlyey读i:：keyey读：monkey valleyey读e：they. 元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音i在重读开音节中读a：time like ricei在重读闭音节中读：big six siti读i:：police policeman policewoman machinei弱读读：holiday Aprili在非重读音节中读：taxii读j：onion review million billion brilliant behaviori在元音字母a,e,o前读a：dialogue quiet pioneeri在g前读a：sign high light righti在nd前读a：find behindi在ld前读a：childi在re前读a：fire tired retire ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读i:：piece field believe thiefie在重读音节词词尾读a：lie dieir在重读音节中读:：bird girl first.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音o在重读开音节中读：go no nose homeo在辅音字母st,ld前读：post oldo在重读闭音节中读：hot on not sorryo读:：storyo在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读：come none love othero读u:：do to whoo在w后读：woman wolfo在非重读音节中读：today policemanoa在重读音节中读：boat coatoar读:：board blackboard cardboardoar读：cupboardoe读：woeoe读u:：shoeoi读：oil toilet boil soiloo一般读u:：too zoo food pool boot schooloo在d,k和少数t前读：book look good footoo读：blood floodoor读:：door flooroor读：pooror在重读音节中读:：or for short sportor在w后读:：work word worldor读：doctor forget mirrorore读:：more beforeou在多数情况下读a：out about house blouseou在ght前读:：bought brought thoughtou读：touch country enough youngou读u:：soup group throughou读：shoulder thoughou读：coughou读：delicious previousoul读：could would shouldour读:：four yourour读:：journalist journalour读：colourour读：tourour读a：our hourow读a：how now cowow读：show know yellow windowowe或ower读a：towel floweroy读：boy toy employee. 元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音u在重读开音节中读ju:：student Tuesdayu在重读闭音节中读：bus sun but cut up usu处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读u:：June fluency February Sueu在重读闭音节中还读：put sugar full pushu在非重读音节中读：minus autumnu读：busy minuteu读e：buryui读ju:或j,ju:：suit suicide l,r,j+ui时，ui读作u:或,u:：sluise fruit juice fluid ruin ui读：build buildingur在重读音节中读:：nurse turn hurt Thursdayur读：surprise Saturdayure读：sureure在非重读音节中读：picture pleasureure在重读音节中读j：cure.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音b读b：bag by bed boy bus bluebt,mb在词尾时，b不发音：debt climb combbb读b：rabbit cabbagec在字母e,i,y前读s：nice city cyclec在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读k：cat come cut clock cry picture blocc+ia,ie,io时，c读：special sufficient deliciouscc+a,o,u或l时，cc读k：occasion according occupy acclaimcc+e,i时，cc读ks：accept accidentch读t：chair much lunch Chinach读k：school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomachch读：machinech读d：sandwichck读k：black duck clock jacket cockd读d：desk door day dogdd读d：add daddy middledge读d：bridge porridge judgedr读dr：dress drive hundred childrends读dz：beds birds hands friendsdes读dz：decidesf读f：five fish fine family fifteenf读v：offf读f：off coffeeften读fn：ofteng读g：go girl big getg在e前读d：age page huge orangeg读d：gentle gentleman generalgg读g：egg bigger biggestge读：garagegh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音：right eight straight bought daughtergh读f：laugh enoughgh在词首时，读g：ghyll ghostgn,gm在词尾时，g常无声：sign phlegmgu在词首读g：guessgu在词中读gw：languagegue在词尾读g：dialogueh读h：he her have hand head hairh不发音：hourhonestwh读w：what why where whitewh在o前读h：who whom whosegh在词首时，h不发音：ghyll ghostj读d：jump jacket just June Jimj读j：Jensen ja hallelujah jaapk读k：book bike cake kite Kate lookkn在词首时，k不发音：know knifel读l：let look please lake peoplell读l：tell full till bellm读m：man meat meet timemb在词尾时，读m，b常无声：climb combmm读m：common mn在词首读n：mnemonicsmn在词中时，读mn：columnistmn在词尾时，n常无声：autumn columnn读n：name nice nine near undern在kg前读：pink Englishn在k后读n：know knifen在m后读n：mnemonicsnn读n：Annng在词尾读：sing long young morningng在词中读g：English fingernk读k：thank think ink pinkp读p：pen map help cheap pencil paperpp读p：apple happy appearph读f：photo phone elephant photographps在词首时，p常不发音：psalm psywarq读k：Iraq coqqu在词首读kw：queen