2019届中考英语复习中考语法专项第33课疑问句、祈使句、感叹句与倒装句基础知识.docx

第33课 疑问句、祈使句、感叹句与倒装句课堂突破疑问句1. 一般疑问句：就是可以用yes或no来回答的句子。如：Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉他吗？Are you in Class Two, Grade One? 你在一（2）班吗？Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京吗？2. 特殊疑问句：（1）构成：疑问词+一般疑问句？（2）常见的疑问词或疑问词组有what, who, whose, where, when, why, how, which, what time, how old, how long, how many, how much, how often等。3. 选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句，提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种来回答。如：Doyou want tea or coffee? 你要茶还是咖啡？4. 反意疑问句：在陈述句后面，提出简略反问的句子叫反意疑问句。若陈述部分是肯定的，反问部分则是否定的；若陈述部分是否定的，则反问部分为肯定的，而且前后时态要一致。如：He can sing well, cant he? 他能唱得很好，不是吗？Yes, he can./No, he cant. 是的。/不是。They didnt come back, did they? 他们没有回来，是吗？Yes, they did./No, they didnt. 不，他们回来了。/是的，他们没有回来。注：陈述句中有no, little, never, hardly等否定词时，反意疑问句应用肯定形式。如：We have never been to the Great Wall, have we? 我们从来没去过长城，是吗？5. 祈使句的反意疑问句：肯定祈使句+will/wont you?，否定祈使句+will you?，Lets.+shall we?，Let us.+will you?。6. 感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式，并用be动词的一般现在时。如：What a lovely dog, isnt it? 多可爱的一只狗，不是吗？7. 陈述部分如果是“I （dont） think/suppose/expect/believe/imagine+that从句”时，附加部分的主语与动词要和从句中的主谓语保持一致，要注意否定转移。如：I think she can do it well, cant she? 我认为她能做好，不是吗？【活学活用】 根据句意完成疑问句。1. _ can you finish the report on food safety?In two days.2. She doesnt like pop music,_ ?3. _ is it from your home to school?Its three kilometers.4. _are you always staying up so late these days?To prepare for my final exam.祈使句祈使句用来提出请求、建议或发出命令。如：Sit down, please. 请坐下。Be careful!小心！Lets do sports now. 现在让我们做运动。1. 否定形式：（1）lets开头的祈使句后加not。如：Lets not do sports now. 现在我们不做运动。（2）其他的均以dont放在句子开头。如：Dont be afraid!不要害怕！Dont stand there!不要站在那儿！2. 祈使句+and+一般将来时。祈使句有时相当于一个由if引导的条件状语从句。如：Study harder, and you will catch up with the others in your class. 学习更努力些，你会赶上班上其他同学的。If you study harder, you will catch up with the others in your class. 如果你学习再努力些，你就会赶上班上其他同学。3. 祈使句+or+一般将来时。如：Hurry up, or you will be late for school. 快点，否则你上学要迟到了。4. 祈使句的回答：祈使句通常表示将来要发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，注意以下几点：（1）形式一致：Yes/OK与will一致；No与wont一致。（2）意思相反：Yes表示“不”；No表示“是”。如：Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave. 你走时别忘了关灯。No, I wont. 好的，我不会忘的。（3）Dont.句式有时表示批评或命令，答语常用Sorry表示歉意。如：Dont talk loudly in the library. 不要在图书馆里大声喧哗。Sorry, I wont do that again. 对不起，我不会再那样做了。【活学活用】 根据句意或汉语提示完成祈使句。1._ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep.2._（努力学习）,_（否则你不会） pass the exam.3._（驾驶） carefully, Michael!Theres a schoolahead.4. Tree-planting Day is coming._（让我们） grow some trees over there.感叹句概述感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“！”。感叹句的类型1. what引导的感叹句（1）What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+（主语+谓语）！如：What a good teacher he is!他是一个多么好的老师啊！What an exciting sport it is!这是一项多么令人兴奋的运动啊！（2）What+形容词+复数名词+（主语+谓语）！如：What beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花啊！（3）What+形容词+不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！如：What good news it is!多好的消息啊！2. how引导的感叹句（1）How+形容词+主语+谓语！如：How beautiful the flowers look in the garden!花园里的这些花看着多么美丽啊！（2）How+副词+主语+谓语！如：How quickly he runs!他跑得多快呀！（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数名词+（主语+谓语）！如：How strange a man he is!他是一个多么奇怪的人啊！（4）How+主语+谓语！如：How time flies!时间过得真快呀！【活学活用】 A）根据句意完成感叹句。1. （2018嘉兴、舟山中考）They were surprised_ well the small cat seemed to get along with the large bear.2. She came to realize_ she actually missed all of them.3. The robot can help me sweep the floor._ smart invention it is!4. Look!Laura is getting the first place._ fast she runs!B）句型转换。5. How delicious the food is!（改为同义句）_ it is!倒装句英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。如果把谓语动词放在主语之前，就构成了倒装句。下面是几种倒装句的具体形式：1. so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语（1）这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意为“某人（物）也（不）是这样”。这种结构中的助动词/be动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。如：Lucy is a good student, so is Lily. 露西是个好学生，莉莉也是。（2）这两种结构的不同点是：“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”依附于肯定句，表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人（物），意为“也”；“neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”依附于否定句，表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人（物），意为“也不”。如：Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann. 汤姆昨晚看电视了，安也看了。Mary didnt watch TV last night, neither did Jim. 玛丽昨晚没有看电视，吉姆也没看。2. there be句型there be句型表示“存在”，是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。如：There is a tree in front of the building. 大楼前有一棵树。3. 以副词开头的倒装句在以here, there, out, in, down, away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，要用倒装句。谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如：There comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。Here are some flowers. 这里有一些花。注：如果主语是人称代词，就不必倒装。如：Here you are. 给你。Here it is. 在这里呢。【活学活用】 根据汉语提示完成倒装句。1. Tom has ever been to China._ （也去过） Mike. 2. He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times._ （的确如此）. 3. Li Ping wasnt late for school this morning._ （也没有） Tom.当堂检测一、用适当的疑问词（组）填空。1. （2017嘉兴中考）You must think about_ should be done first.2. Hello, Jack!Havent seen you for long!Im calling tocheck_ you are.Very well. Thanks.3. Do you know_ he exercised when he was a student?Three or four times a week.4. Do you know_ he is going to stay in London?Sorry, I dont know. Maybe a few weeks, but Im not sure.5. _ are you going to Shanghai?Im taking the plane.二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。（2018新晖中考模拟） visit without prefer unless sudden 1. Susan said she_ to wear clothes made of cotton rather than those made of silk.2. He quickly looked through the paper and chose the answer_ thinking twice.3. The earthquakes always happen_ , it is difficult to predict them.4. You cant imagine how pretty the new skirt is_ you try it on.5. Its many_ dream to come to the hometown of the great man during the vacation.三、根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 别吵闹了，你爸爸在睡觉。, your father is sleeping.2. 多聪明的男孩啊！ he is!3. 露西学习很努力。确实如此，你也很努力。Lucy studies hard._. And_ .四、任务型阅读。（2018宁波市北仑区中考模拟）李华在悦读书吧拓展课上看到了一篇老师推荐的文章，但缺少了4个小标题，现请你帮助李华根据描述将小标题A、B、C、D填入14相应的空格中，并完成第5小题。You love reading, and youre going to get your hands on a book. But youve read all your books several times, and youre getting tired of reading the same ones. Youre planning to go to the library, but dont know what kind of books to get. With the right knowledge, its easy for you to choose a good book.Make a list answering these questions:What kind of books do you like? What writers do you like? Is there a type of book that you would like to try? What are your interests? By doing this you will find books that you might like.1_Very often good books are quietly collecting dust in your own house. Maybe you forget about one, or someone who is living with you has a couple of good books. Also by searching your house, you can find books that you can read, and they wont even cost you any money.2_Read best-seller lists in most newspapers or weekly magazines. Find out which new books are making headlines, and why.3_If it does, then use its search engine（引擎） to find a certain book or books by a certain writer. You can also do this at home.4_If you would rather have Book 1 over Book 2, put Book 2 back. If you would prefer Book 3 to Book 1, put Book 1 back.A.