2019中考英语二轮复习语法精讲精练介词.docx

2019中考英语语法精讲精练 介词一、提分关键1. 时间介词（1）in, afterin时间段，用于将来时，表示从现在算起“过后”。He will come back in an hour.after时间段，段时间later，用于过去时，表示“在以后”。After an hour，he came back.An hour later, he came back.after起点或截止时间，用于将来时或过去时，表示“在以后”。He will come back after 5 oclock.I stayed at home after lunch today.（2）beforebefore起点或截止时间，用于将来时或过去时，表示“在以前”。He will come to visit us again before May.We set off before daybreak.时间段ago，表示从现在算起“在以前”。I began to learn English 8 years ago.（3）in, on, atin一段时间，主要表达周、月、季节、年代；泛指上午、下午、晚上。on主要表示具体的某一天，也可表示某一天的某个时候。at具体钟点，表示某一时刻。注意以下固定搭配：at lunch/supper/breakfast；at night；at midnight；at noon；at present；at that time；at the moment；at last；at the same time；at times；at the end of；in the end；at the beginning of；in the beginning；at the age of；on the morning of April 2nd；on a winter afternoon；on a rainy morning；on a cold night；on New Years eve等。（4）for, since 表时间的区别for一段时间since起点时间/句子The boy has been in China for a week.The boy has been in China since a week ago.The boy has been here since he came to China last week.2. 地点和方位介词（1）above, over, on 在上面 under, below在下面above在上方(与物体表面不接触) over在正上方(与物体表面不接触)on在上面(与物体表面接触) under在下方(与物体表面不接触)below在下方(一般表示抽象概念)（2）through, across, past穿过through纵穿(从空间内穿过)。through the door/window/forest等across横穿(从表面过，往往是横过)。across the street/road/river/bridge等past 经过。When I was walking past the hospital, I saw a woman crying loudly.（3）among, betweenamong在(三者或三者以上)之间；between在(两者)之间。常用词组：between.and.（4）in, on, toin表示在范围之内(属于该范围)；on表示范围外，且与某一地区接壤； to表示范围外，且不接壤，相离，隔海相望。如：Guangdong is in the south of China.(广东属于中国)Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.(广东与湖南毗邻，且接壤)Japan is to the east of China.(日本与中国隔海相望)（5）表方位的介词 on, in, behind, afteron表示在左边、右边或者旁边，on the side of; in表示在里边； behind 在后边；after 表示顺序。（6）in front of与in the front ofin front of在外前面in/at the front of 在内前部3. 方式介词（1）表交通by, in, on用by时，表方式，交通工具前不用任何修饰词。如：by air/plane/ship/sea/bike/train/bus/car等。用in或on时，交通工具为具体实物，其前应有修饰语。如：on the bus, on an early train, on a plane, on the ship, on a horse, on the bike, in my car等。on foot是固定搭配。（2）表手段、工具 by, in, with, on用by时，工具前不用任何修饰词，by也可接doing。如：by hand/accident/mistake等。by selling newspapers/reading aloud等。用with时，工具为具体实物，其符合名词的出现形式。如：with a pen, with ears, with my nose, with(our)hands, with a rope等。in语言、材料等。如：in English, in pencil, in ink等。on电器、网络等。如：on the computer/the radio/TV/the phone/the Internet等。注意以下固定搭配：agree with同意arrive at/in 到达at once 立刻 on time 按时，准时 in time及时be angry with 生的气 be good at/do well in 擅长于 be interested in 对感兴趣be late for 迟到 belong to 属于 be strict with 对严格by the way 顺便说 on ones way to在去的路上 catch up with赶上cheer up 使高兴 come up with 提出 depend on依靠be different from 与不同 fall off 掉下来 get along/on with 与相处hear of 听说 hear from 收到来信 help with帮助in public 在公共场合 in trouble 处于困境中 in silence 默默地in surprise惊奇地 in time 及时 learn from 向学习laugh at嘲笑 make friends with 与交朋友 regard.as 把当作to ones surprise 使惊奇的是 with a smile 微笑着 二、典型例题热点方向1：时间介词1. -When is Jays concert?-Its _three oclock _the afternoon of July 18th.Aat; in B. at; on C. on; in D. in; on2. I had too much work to do last night. I didnt go to bed _11 oclock. A in B. until C. for3. -How long have you lived in the new flat? -_2010. A. In B. After C. Since D. Before热点方向2：地点介词4. Sandy is a real book lover and she often brings home many books to read _the library. A. in B. for C. by D. from5. Mrs. King put a coat _the sleeping girl to keep her warm. A. over B. with C. behind D. beside6. -Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the Peoples Hospital? -Walk along this street _ the end and you will find it on your left. A. in B. to C. by D. at热点方向3：方式介词7. The man makes a living _painting. A. without B. with C. by热点方向4：固定搭配8. -Whats your teacher like? -She is always strict _us. A. in B. with C. to9. Do you know Mo Yan? -Of course. He won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature _the age of 57. A. in B. at C. on D. to10. The chemicals in the vegetables are bad _our health. A. from B. with C. of D. for11. John often asks his teacher _help. A. to B. with C. for D. on12. Mary, does your brother get _work by bus? -No, he rides a bike. Sometimes he walks. A. in B. on C. to D. for中考命题大预测1. We should do something to stop the forest _being cut down.A. from B. in C. by D. with2. You dont need to look _ every new word in your dictionary. A. for B. at C. after D. up3. The engineer will return from Macao _ a few days. A. since B. in C. on D. after4. _the morning of May 1st , we all visited the old peoples home. A. In B. On C. At D. To5. We are _building a new zoo in our town because we think animals should live in the mountain forests. A. in B. on C. for D. against6. My classmate, Ma Shuhan is good _English and math. A. to B. for C. at D. with7. Doing more exercise is good _your health. A. to B. for C. at D. with8. My English teacher is good _me. A. to B. for C. at D. with9.-What kind of tea do you like? - Id like Chinese tea _nothing in it. A. with B. in C. on D. for10. Dont read _bed. Its bad _ your eyes. A. on; of B. on; to C. in; for D. at; for11. How is it going? - Thanks _the weather, the crops grow well. A. to B. for C. at D. with12.Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by13. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go_? A. through B. across C. with D. under14. We are doing much better _English _out teachers help. A. in; at B. at; in C. in; with D. with; with15. The twins got on well _their classmates. A. to B. in C. with D. about16. Its impolite to laugh _people when they are _trouble. A. over; in B. at; in C. in; at D. at; for巩固练习1( ) 1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on( ) 2 -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since( ) 4 tie suddenly returned_ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during ( ) 5 My grandfather was born _ Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of( ) 6 The train is starting _ _five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D. still( ) 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on2( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years. A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past( ) 2 We returned to our hometown_. A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week( ) 3 Great changes have taken place_. A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last year D. on the last year3( ) 1 Children wake up very early _the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at( ) 2 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street. A. In B. On C. At D. For( ) 3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet. A. at B. on C. with D. of( ) 4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in4( ) 1 Tom sits _the classroom while John sits _the room.A. in front of; at back of B. in the front of; at the back ofC. in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of( ) 2 Lucy sits_ the third row, _Jims left. A. on; on B. in; at C. at; in D. in; on( ) 3 Jiangsu is_ the east of China, but Japan is _ the east of China. A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on5( ) 1. -Can I look up a word_ your dictionary? -I havent got _ _me.A. into; about B. in; with C. at; in D. on; on( ) 2 1 like moon cakes _ meat _ them. A. in; on B. with; on C. in; the D. with; in( ) 3 When you are _ trouble please ask help _ us.A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from D. on; of( ) 4 The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes_ your size.A. about B. in C. to D. of( ) 5 I saw him _hurry at the moment. A. in a B. in C. on D. on a6( ) 1 He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at( ) 2 There is a door_ the wall. t a nc A. on B. to C. of D. in( ) 3 This kind of VCD is made_ China. .A. in B. from C. at D. on( ) 4 Any man _ eyes_ his head can see that hes exactly like a rope.A. with; on B. with; in C. on; with D. in; with7( ) 1 There are some birds singing_ the trees.A. in B. on C. at D. from( ) 2 Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes.A. in; for B. in; for C. with; to D. in; on( ) 3 The woman_ a blue dress is my teacher.A. in B. on C. of D. at( ) 4 There are so many apples_ that tree.A. in B, on C. at , D. from8( ) 1 The boat is passing_ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across( ) 2 Two planes are flying_ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east_ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on( ) 4 Do you see the kite _ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above9( ) 1 The United States is _ the south of Canada and _ the ea