北京市东城区2019年中考英语二轮复习完形填空专讲专练.docx

完形填空专讲专练教学目标1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部分，给小例句提示。并标记出学生的实际掌握情况（优良差）】单词词性及词义示例备注掌握情况includingprep.包括在内Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little babyexpectedadj.预料的；预期的Chris entered the world earlier than expected.risen./v. 上升；升起；提高His temperature rose quickly相关词：raisechoosev.选择相关词:-chose-chosenreenterv.再次进入相关词: “re-”表示“再；又”的前缀，如rewritelosev.丢失；失去相关词:loselostlost ; lose oneself incontrolv./n.控制相关词:under control; out of controlbadlyadv.1)差的2)很;非常 3)严重的They are badly in need of help.a truck hit his car badlyrealizev.意识到imaginev.想象相关词: imaginationarrivev.到达；到来相关词: arrivalbelievev.信任；相信相关词: beliefaffectv.影响相关词: influencepassv.1)路过2)递3)及格 4)时间流逝leavev. 1)离开 2)留下 3)丢下leaving hints to my parentsI left my bag on the bus.followv. 1)跟着2)沿着(道路)3)听从 4)理解Why didnt you follow my adviceSorry, I cant follow you.reportv./n.报告；报道complainv.抱怨；埋怨相关词: complainttouchv.1)触摸 2)感动n.1)触觉 2)触碰 3)联系Her story touched us all deeply. Im trying to get in touch with him.messagen.信息；消息chancen.机会effortn.努力You should put more effort into your work.recordv.1)记录 2)录音n.1)记录 2)纪录 3)唱片encouragev.鼓励相关词: encouragementbe known for因而出名There Michael was known for his hard work.be trapped in陷入困境He was trapped in his car watching fire rise up around his legs.in time及时相关词: on timehold back1)抑制(感情)2)隐瞒3)阻拦all he could do was to hold back tears.二、长难句【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。】1. Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little baby called Chris.结构分析：_本句含有“过去分词作定语”的结构，修饰名词“baby”。句子翻译：_很多病人都得到过Michael的帮助，其中包括一个叫Chris的小婴儿。仿句练习：中国的很多城市都发生了很大的变化，包括以西湖而闻名的杭州。_Great changes have taken place in China, including Hangzhou known for its West Lake.2. What Michael did meant the world to Chris parents, especially the next day when Michael _34_ to them that their babys fever had gone.结构分析：_本句含有1. What引导的主语从句； 2. When 引导的定语从句，修饰名词the next day； 3.that引导的宾语从句。句子翻译：_对Chris的父母来说，Michael所做的意味着全世界，尤其是第二天Michael_他们他们的baby已经退烧了。仿句练习：我永远都不会忘记这个暑假，特别是我们一起追蝴蝶的那天。_Ill never forget this summer vacation, especially the day when we chased the butterflies together.3. What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later.结构分析：_本句含有1. What引导的主语从句；2.how引导的表语从句。句子翻译：_Michael从没有预料到的是30年后Chris会怎样再次进入他的生活。仿句练习：我想知道的是我们要如何准时完成这个任务。_What I want to know is how we can finish the task on time.4. He was trapped in his car watching fire rise up around his legs.结构分析：_本句含有“doing 做伴随状语”的结构。句子翻译：_他被困在车里看着火在他腿的四周燃烧起来。仿句练习：我们安静的坐着，认真地听老师讲课。_We sat quietly, listening to the teacher carefully.5. When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears.结构分析：_本句含有1.when引导的时间状语从句 2.时间状语从句中又含有that引导的定语从句和省略引导词的定语从句 3.主句部分含有省略引导词的定语从句和“to do做表语”的结构。句子翻译：_当Michael意识到他曾经救过的那个小婴儿刚刚救了他的性命，他所能做的就是抑制回自己的眼泪。仿句练习：当我意识到爱和感恩是多么的重要时，我所能做的就是尽力去帮助那些急需帮助的人们。_When I realized how important love and gratitude was, all I could do is to help those badly in need of help.方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤第一步通读全文，把握脉络跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是but后面的内容；再如代词it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。第二步瞻前顾后，上下求索联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】第三步再读文章，核查答案代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法方法一：词汇复现法解释“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road和trail)、反义词(如wrong和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult是my father的上义词；coat是clothes的下义词) 等重复出现在语篇之中。例题例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选D。】例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】方法方法二：上下文推理法解释“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是50分钟，中国每节课是40分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选B。】方法方法三：逻辑推理法解释“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如and表并列，but和however表转折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表顺序等）。例题例：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 . 6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选C。】方法方法四：文化背景常识法解释“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选A. biggest。第2题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选C. sea。】方法方法五：固定搭配法解释完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to注意”，故选D。】例2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take photos拍照”，故选D。】语篇精讲障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的前提下领悟文章的主要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】（朝阳二模）After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. There Michael was known for his hard work. Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little baby called Chris.In August 1985, Chris entered the world earlier than expected, weighing only 1.5 kg. A few month later he was back in the hospital. His temperature rose quickly with all the symptoms of meningitis（脑膜炎症状）. Michael didnt 32 this young patients side. “Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33 , ” Michael said. What Michael did meant the world to Chris parents, especially the next day when Michael 34 to them that their babys fever had gone. Then Chris parents chose Michael to be their sons doctor for his childhood. When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later.At around 5 a. m. on March 29, 2015, Michael was driving home when suddenly a truck 36 control and hit his car badly in front of him.“Then I felt heat and looked down and could see fire around my legs! ”As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped（使陷入困境）in his car watching fire rise up around his legs. After more than 40 years helping others as a doctor, suddenly he needed 38 . But he could never have imagined where it would come from.Luckily, less than a mile away, a group of firefighters（消防队员）were coming. Guess who was in this group? It was Chris. They arrived there in time. They helped Michael out of the car and sent him to the hospital. As Chris learned the name of the person he had just saved, he said, “ I surely 39 him. But I couldnt believe it.” When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears. “It really makes you think about 40 ,” Michael says, “Everything we do is so important and affects（影响）so many others.”文章大意为（只给出关键词即可）_参考关键词：Michael; helped; Chris; 30 years later ; saved him参考答案：Michael saved a little baby called Chris and had been his doctor in his childhood. Thirty years later, when Michael was trapped in his car during an accident, it was Chris who saved him.【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】语篇练习话题体裁词数建议用时实际用时正确率难度人物故事类记叙文39212-15分钟_/10（朝阳二模）After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. There Michael was known for his hard work. Many patients were helped by Michael, including a little baby called Chris.In August 1985, Chris entered the world earlier than expected, weighing only 1.5 kg. A few month later he was back in the hospital. His temperature rose quickly with all the symptoms of meningitis（脑膜炎症状）. Michael didnt 32 this young patients side. “Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33 , ” Michael said. What Michael did meant the world to Chris parents, especially the next day when Michael 34 to them that their babys fever had gone. Then Chris parents chose Michael to be their sons doctor for his childhood. When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later.At around 5 a. m. on March 29, 2015, Michael was driving home when suddenly a truck 36 control and hit his car badly in front of him.“Then I felt heat and looked down and could see fire around my legs! ”As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped（使陷入困境）in his car watching fire rise up around his legs. After more than 40 years helping others as a doctor, suddenly he needed 38 . But he could never have imagined where it would come from.Luckily, less than a mile away, a group of firefighters（消防队员）were coming. Guess who was in this group? It was Chris. They arrived there in time. They helped Michael out of the car and sent him to the hospital. As Chris learned the name of the person he had just saved, he said, “ I surely 39 him. But I couldnt believe it.” When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears. “It really makes you think about 40 ,” Michael says, “Everything we do is so important and affects（影响）so many others.”31.A. teacher B. driver C. doctor D. worker32. A. miss B. pass C. leave D. follow33. A. fast B. right C. warmly D. slowly34. A. reported B. listened C. showed D. complained35. A. hope B. touch C. trust D. message36. A. had B. kept C. lost D. took37. A. open B. shut C. safe D. cold38. A. help B. wish C. chance D. effort39. A. record B. interrupt C. encourage D. remember40. A. study B. dream C. time D. life语篇精讲：参考答案： 3135 CCBAB 3640 CBADD文章大意：本文讲述了一位叫作Michael的医生很多年前救治了一名叫Chris的小婴儿，多年后在一场车祸中，他又被Chris救命的故事。答案解析：31. 通过上文“After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California.”，可知Michael学的是医学专业，因此可推断出他毕业后成为一名医生。故选C。32. 通过下文“I stayed there through the night”可知Michael在那儿待了一晚上，可推断出他没有离开，故选C。33. 通过上文“Anything could have gone wrong at that point”可知在那个时刻任何事情都很有可能出错，因此可推断出Michael留在那里是为了确保一切都正确，故选B。34. 通过下文“their babys fever had gone”可知孩子退烧了，因此可推断出作为医生的Michael应该是向孩子父母报告这件事情，故选A。35. 通过下文“What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later.”可知他们有很长时间失去了联系，另外“lose touch”为固定搭配，意为“失去联系”。故选B。36. 通过下文“hit his car badly in front of him. “could see fire around my legs! ”可知Michael出了车祸，因此可推断出是那辆卡车失去了控制进而撞了Michael的车才导致的车祸，故选C。37. 通过上文“he tried to open the door”和下文“He was trapped in his car”可知他困在车里了门打不开，故选B。38. 通过上文“After more than 40 years helping others as a doctor”，可知Michael现在需要帮助，故选A。39. 通过下文“Chris learned the name of the person he had just saved”可知当年的那个小孩也就是现在的消防员Chris记起了当年救他的医生Michael，故选D。40. 通过下文“Everything we do is so important and affects（影响）so many others.”可知这是Michael得出的一些生活感悟，故选D。精讲笔记 【学生在教师的指导下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的知识和方法】语篇中积累的词汇【至少掌握10个】单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）realize语篇中的学到的方法 【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】【至少掌握2个】方法一：词汇复现法如：本篇文章中的38. (help )方法二：上下文推理法方法三：逻辑推理法方法四：文化背景常识法方法五：固定搭配法能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词词性及词义备注1including_2_adj.预料的；预期的3rise_翻译: His temperature rose quickly. _4_v.选择5reenter_相关词: “re-”表示“_”的前缀6lose_7_v./n.控制8badlyadv.1)差的2) _ 3) _提示：They are badly in need of help.a truck hit his car badly9_v.意识到10imagine_名词: _11arrive_名词: _12_v.信任；相信13affect_14_v.1)路过2)递3)及格 4)时间流逝15leavev. 1) _ 2) _ 3) _16followv. 1)跟着2)沿着(道路)3) _ 4) _提示：Why didnt you follow my advice？Sorry, I cant follow you.17report_18complain_19touchv.1)触摸 2)_n.1)触觉 2)触碰 3)_翻译：Her story touched us all deeply. _When Chris finished primary school, the two lost touch._ 20message_21_n.机会22effort_23record_24encourage_25be known for_26be trapped in_27in time_28hold back_二、句子翻译1. 很多病人都得到过Michael的帮助，其中包括一个叫Chris的小婴儿。_2. 对Chris的父母来说，Michael所做的意味着全世界，尤其是第二天Michael告诉他们他们的baby已经退烧了。_3. Michael从没有预料到的是30年后Chris会怎样再次进入他的生活。_4. 他被困在车里看着火在他腿的四周燃烧起来。_5. 当Michael意识到他曾经救过的那个小婴儿刚刚救了他的性命，他所能做的就是抑制回自己的眼泪。_6. 我们所做的一切是如此的重要并影响了如此多的人。_完形练习（朝阳二模）Finally I got my driving license(驾照) last summer. Mom decided to go with me to take my first trip around an empty parking lot. I knew my mother was an excellent 31 . She had driven over 20 years without getting one ticket. However, I found that she was not the best teacher for me. It wasnt that she shouted, or told me that I was doing poorly. Her “helpful instructions” 32 managed to make me more nervous.Since I could no longer practice with her, the job was 33 in the hands of my father. The idea of learning from Dad was not so 34 . I loved him dearly, but I just did not see Dad as someone I could be comfortable learning from. He almost never talked. We shared a typical father-daughter relationship. Hed ask how school was, and Id say it was fine. Unluckily, that was the most of our 35 . Spending several hours alone with someone who might as well have been a stranger really frightened me.As we got into the car that first time, I was not surprised at what happened. Dad and I drove around, saying almost nothing, except for a few instructions on how to turn. As my lessons