英语六年级下形容词副词.doc

知识就是力量，学习提升竞争力竞争力1对1 英语学科个性化教学辅导教案 学生彭子豪年级 六年级上课地点益田第 次授课授课时间 2014年 月 日 星期 学科老师杨芬学顾老师冯燕晨 教学课题形容词副词学习，完型阅读练习教学目标掌握所学知识点教学重、难点形容词副词的用法教学内容作业完成情况： 优 良 中 差Step 1 检查并讲解上节课布置的练习代词用时：_ 得分：_ (参考用时：10分钟)DAY 2 单选 20%1.These are books. Yours are over there.A.I B.my C.me D.mine2. is she? She is a teacher.A.What B.How C.Who D.Where3. Can you speak English? Yes, but only.A.few B.a few C.little D.a little4.Mr.Smith is an old friend of.A.I B.me C.my D.mine5. “do you hear from your parents? ”“About once a month.”A.How long B.How manyC.How often D.How much6.Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something7.“Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to eat. ”“Good idea! ”A.anything nice B.nice anythingC.something nice D.nice something8. When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont mind. time is OK.A.Some B.Neither C.Either D.Both9.This is not her kite,but.A.hes B.him C.he D.his10. is wrong with my watch. It has stopped.A.Something, working B.Something, to workC.Any thing, working D.Anything, to work11.Mary, help to the bananas, please.A.you B.your C.yourself D.yourselves12. do you go to school every day? By bus.A.How B.Why C.When D.Where13.My skirt is popular than.A.much, her B.much, hers C.more, her D.more, hers14.Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon.A.No B.Many C.Those D.Two 15.Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has apples than he.A.few B.many C.more D.fewer 16.There isnt in todays newspaper.A.anything interestingB.something interestingC.nothing interestingD.interesting anything17.September 10th is Day?A.Teacher B.Teachers C.Teachers D.Teachers18. In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country? A.So we do. B.We do so. C.So do we. D We so do.19. Shall we go into that shop and have a look? Sorry. I wont. I have to do there.A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing20. Oh, dear! Who broke the glass? Sam Bruce. It was the cat.A.Both, and B.Not, but C.Neither, nor D.Either, orStep 2 形容词副词形容词一形容词的概念：形容词是用来修饰或限制名词(或不定代词或疑问代词或疑问副词), 说明人或事物的性质、特征、状态或属性的词. 二形容词的用法. 形容词在句中主要作定语，表语, 宾语补足语. 有时还可作主语,宾语和状语. (一). 作定语. 修饰或限制名词或不定代词或疑问代词，或疑问副词.a前置定语. 形容词修饰或限制名词, 一般放在它所修饰或限制的名词之前. (1). One New Years Day, we put on our new clothes. (2). Liu Sanzi is an eight-year-old boy.(其中eight-year-old叫复合形容词，其构成形式是:“数词+名词+形容词”,中间加连字符). b. 后置定语1. 形容词修饰或限制不定代词(something, anything, nothing, everything), 常放在不定代词之后.I have something important to tell you. 2. else修饰或限制疑问代词(who, whom, what等)或疑问副词时，通常放在疑问代词或疑问副词之后。What else do you want? C. enough作定语修饰或限制名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后。 Pandas will have enough food to eat.=Pandas will have food enough to eat. (二). 作表语. 放在连系动词之后. 常见的连系动词有四种. a. be动词. Planes will be very large. Running is tiring. b. 感官连系动词: feel(摸起来), look/seem (看起来), smell(闻起来), sound (听起来), taste (尝起来). Cotton feels soft. c. 变化连系动词: become, get, go, grow, turn. 都译作：“变得，成为”. The fish went bad. Trees turn green when spring comes. d. 持续连系动词：keep, stay (都译作：保持).Please keep silent. Mr Jackson stayed cool. 三、使用形容词的几个常用句型. 1. “It is + adj. + to do sth(不定式), 表示：做某事是怎样的。 Eg . It is difficult to see and hear at the back.提示：其中It叫形式主语，不定式叫真实主语，翻译时先译不定式, 这样做是为了避免句子显得头重脚轻. 2. “It is + adj. + for sb to do sth. 表示；对某人来说做某事是怎样的 例：Eg . It is more difficult for old people to learn English. 3. It is + adj + of sb. 意为：某人是怎样的。.Eg . It is very brave of her. 4. It is + adj + of sb to do sth. 意为：某人做某事是怎样的。Eg . Its very kind of you to help me. Eg . Its very rude of her to say such words. Eg . Its foolish of him to go alone. 四形容词的三级。 (一). 三级变化. 大部分形容词有三级变化, 即：原级，比较级 (意为：“更加/比较.的”)， 最高级(意为：“最.的”). 变化分规则变化和不规则变化。(A). 规则变化：1. 单音节和少数双音节形容词(多半是没加前缀或后缀的形容词)的规则变化.(1). 一般在形容词词尾直接加er构成比较级, 直接加est构成最高级，如:talltallertallest， longlongerlongest, shortshortest (2) . 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，只需加r构成比较级, 加st构成最高级。如: nicenicernicest, fine finerfinest, largelargerlargest(3). 以辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节形容词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级，如：bigbiggerbiggest， hothotterhottest, redredderreddest (4). 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加er构成比较级, 加est构成最高级，如: busybuierbusiest, easyeasiereasiest. 2. 部分双音节形容词(多半是加了前缀或后缀的形容词)和多音节形容词在原级前加more构成比较级, 在原级前加most构成最高级，如: tiringmore tiringmost tiring, relaxing more relaxingmost relaxing, beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful (B). 不规则变化: 都是单音节形容词原级比较级最高级good (好的)well(健康的, 舒服的)better (较/更好的)best (最好的)bad (坏的/糟糕的),ill (病的)worse (较/更坏的, 较/更糟糕的)worst (最坏的)many/much (多的)more (较/更多的) most (最多的)little (少的，小的) less (较/更少的)least (最少的)old (老的/大的, 旧的)older(较老/大/旧的, 更老/大/旧的)elder (较老/大的，更老/大的，仅用于兄弟姐妹间)oldest (最老/旧的)eldest (最老/大的, 仅用于兄弟姐妹间)far(远的)farther (较/更远的)further (进一步的) farthest (最远的)furthest (最远的)上面表格里几个形容词的用法提示：1. old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest. 其中elder, eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的大小关系, 且不能用于含有than的句子中.Eg . My elder brother is an engineer. Eg . Mary is the eldest of three sisters. 2. far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英国英语中两者都可指距离. 但在美国英语中，father 表示距离，further表示“进一步的”. Eg . I have nothing further to say. Eg . futther study. (二)三级标志：1句子使用原级的两大标志 a. 当句中含有as (so)as时，句子一般使用原级. (肯定句中只能用as, 而否定句中可用so或as) Tom is as old as Kate. This room is not as/so big as that one. b. 当形容词前含有quite, so, too, very等副词时，句子一般用原级，如： 有时没有这些词，根据语境，也只能用原级，如：He is too tired to walk on. I am very hungry now, but I dont want to eat. 2句子使用比较级的三大标志： a. 当句中含有than一词时, 句子一般使用比较级, 构成形式为: “形容词比较级+than. ”, 意为:“比更加”. 有时如果说话双方都明白句子含义时，也可没有than一词. (less是little的比较级，也可用于比较级中，放在形容词原级前, 意为: “较不”或“没有那么”) He is taller than his brother. There are more students in Class One than in Class Two. b. 当句中含有., A or B? 时，句子一般使用比较级。 Which pen is newer, this one or that one? Which is better, the red one or the green one?c. 当句中含有of the two (+n) 时，句子一般使用比较级。He is the younger of the two students. 【形容词比较级用法】1表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，最明显的提示词是than，其结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。E.g. Li Leis room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。 This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。注意：为了避免重复，在从句中常用the one，that，those等词来替代前面出现过的名词。其中the one替代可数名词单数形式，the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式，that替代不可数名词。e.g.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 北京的天气比广州的天气冷。2有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。E.g. I feel even worse now. 我现在觉得更难受了。 It is much colder today than before. 今天比以前冷得多。3表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“Which/Who is+形容词比较级，A or B?”表示。E.g. Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao? 李明和王涛哪一个高一些？ Which sweater is more beautiful, the yellow one or the pink one? 哪一件毛衣更漂亮，黄色还是粉红色的？4表示“几倍于”时，用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。E.g. I am three years older than you. 我比你大三岁。5表示“两者之间最一个(of the two)”时，常用“the+比较级”结构。E.g. Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。3. 句子使用最高级的四大标志 a. 当句中含有表示范围的介词in.时，句子一般使用最高级。要注意：如果句中有than一词，那么即使句中有in, 句子仍然必须用比较级。 He is the tallest in his class. Zhu Yunbin is the strongest student in our class. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.b. 当句中含有表示范围的介词of 时，句子一般使用最高级。 He is the tallest of the three. (65). He is the oldest of all the students. This apple is the biggest of the five. c. 当句中含有one of the时，句子一般使用最高级。one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词, 表示最的之一。The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.d. 当句中含有, A，B or C ? 时，句子一般使用最高级。 Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or moon? Which country is the largest, China, Brazil or Canada？【形容词最高级用法】1表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。E.g. He is the strongest of the three boys. 在三个男孩子中，他是最强壮的。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。2表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“Which/Who is+the+最高级，A，B or C?”结构。E.g. Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? 哪个城市最漂亮，北京，上海还是福州？3表示“最的之一”时，用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。E.g. Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。4形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。E.g. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国第一大长河。5形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。E.g. This is our last lesson today . 这是我们今天的最后一节课。 Yesterday was his busiest day. 昨天是他最忙的一天。6形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。E.g. Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是班上最高的学生。 =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. 李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何人都高。(三) . 比较级与最高级的特例A. 比较级的五大特例1.The + 形容词比较级., the + 形容词比较级., 表示越., 就越. The more, the better! The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.2. 数量词 + 形容词比较级. She is three years older than Li Ming. She is a head taller than me. 3. 程度副词 + adj比较级(根据语境确定含义). (a). even + adj比较级，表示“甚至更加” 还要更加” Tom looks even younger than before. (b). far + adj比较级，表示“大大地”，“远远地”，“得多”.This movie is far more interesting than I expected. (c). much + adj比较级，表示“得多”Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. (d). still + adj比较级，表示“还要更加” The food in this restaurant is still more delicious than that in this restaurant. (e). a bit/little + adj比较级，表示“一点”. “一点儿”. This one is a little better than that one. (f). a lot + adj 比较级，表示“许多”. My life will be a lot better than it is now. 4. 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越. . Its getting hotter and hotter. This song is more and more popular now. B最高级的一大特例. 定冠词the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 单数名词 + 表示范围的介词(如in/of等), 表示第几个最怎样的什么. She is the second tallest student in our class. (4) . 使用形容词时易混知识1 -ing形容词和-ed形容词-ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的This is a surprising story.I am surprised at the eresting有趣的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news?We are excited about the traveling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快、满意的This is a pleasing trip.The teacher is pleased with our performance.frightening令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的This is a frightening story.We are frightened of the ghost.moving令人感动的moved受感动的Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.tiring使人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的The speech is very tiring.Are you tired of it?fascinating迷人的fascinated着迷的What a fascinating voice!Many boys are fascinated by computer games.表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.+-ed形容词+介词”结构。We are all interested in the interesting story.2比较的对象不能相互包容牢记下列结构：1）比较级+than+any other+单数名词all (the) other+复数名词any one/anybody elseany of the other+复数名词the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词注意：在同一范围内进行比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。E.g. China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。 (同一范围内，只能和其他对象进行比较) China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。 (不同范围内，可以和其他任意一个对象进行比较)3在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时，多音节和部分双音节形容词除使用“notas/so+形容词原级+as”结构外，还可使用“less+形容词原级+than”结构。E.g. I am not as careful as Lily. 我没有Lily仔细。 =I am less careful than Lily.4许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些-ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。 friendly(友好的) lonely(孤独的，孤单的) lovely(可爱的，有趣的) likely(有希望的) daily(日常的) lively(有生气的，活泼的)副词副词的分类与位置1、 副词的分类 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。1、表频率的副词常见的频率副词有：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly,seldom.它们一般在系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，行为动词之前.He always goes to school on foot. She has never been to Beijing. She is often late for work.2、表示方式的副词与方式相关的副词，这类词通常由形容词+ly转化而来。如safely,quietly,quickly，politely loudly， luckily ，happily ，easily ，carefully ， slowly ， suddenly以及fast,late,hard,early等。此类副词位于动词之后，如果是及物动词一般位于宾语之后。The children are dancing happily. They work hard.The students did their homework carefully.3程度副词与程度相关的副词有：very , much , only, quite , as, too, toofor, tooto do, well, almost, even, a little , enough , rather, a lot , so,such , badly, nearly , further , really , widely , hardly , a bit等。它们一般位于被修饰的词前面，但enough要放在被修饰的词后面。I can hardly know her name.The cake is so deliciousHe was badly hurt .He worked hard enough.4 表时间、地点、方向的副词（1）与时间相关的副词有: ago ,already, before, early, long, late, just, now, once, soon,since, today, tomorrow ,tonight ,yesterday, yet等。它们通常位于句末，有些也可位于句中如：already等。Theyll come back soon. He lived here ten years ago .They have finished the work already.=They have already finished the work.（2）与地点、方向相关的副词经常位于动词之后与动词搭配构成短语动词。outside, inside , upstair ,here ,there ,home, near, come back , turn left , go out5疑问副词和关系副词（1）常用的疑问副词：when,where ,why ,how,how old, how long, how soon, how often, how far等以及perhaps,maybe,instead等,通常用于句首。Maybe/Perhaps he is at home. How did you go there ?When was he born ? How often do you see a movie ?How soon will your father come back?（2） 关系副词主要有四个,即when, where, why，how等。关系副词常用来引导从句。2、 副词的位置和排序（一）、副词的位置： 1） 在动词之前。 2） 在be动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾，如：He speaks English well. （二）、副词的排列顺序： 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much. 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I dont know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat. 兼有两种形式的副词1) close与closelyclose意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 与latelylate意思是晚； lately 意思是最近You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3)deep与deeplydeep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchThe plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.6)free与freelyfree的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.易混点清单一、how long,how often,how soon，how far的用法区别1. how long“多长”，询问动作在时间上所持续的长度。其答语部分或划线部分可能是：1）“for + 时间段”，有时可能没有介词for。如：-How long did he wait for you here？- For two hours. It took him 20 minutes to finish his homework. (对话线部分提问)How long did it take him to finish his homework?2）“since + 具体时间”，“since + 时间段 + ago”或者“since + 从句”。如：-How long are you feeling like this? -Since last night.3）表示时间的betweenand,fromto等介词短语。如：They were playing football from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday. (对话线部分提问)How long were they playing football yesterday?另外，how long也可以询问某事物的具体长度。如：-How long is the desk？ -1.2 meters. 1.2米。2. how soon“多久，多快”，询问动作在将来要经过多长时间才会发生。其答语部分或划线部分可能是：in + 时间段。如：Hes going to Zhengzhou in two days. (对话线部分提问)How soon is he going to Zhengzhou？3. how far“多远”，询问路程、距离。如：How far is it from here to school? 4.how often 指每隔多久，主要用来对频度副词或状语(如：once a week, three times a month 等)提问。如A：How often does he come here? B：Once a month. A：How often do you visit your mother? B：Once a week.二、hard和hardly的区别(一)、hard可用作形容词或副词：1. 当hard用作形容词时，意为“困难的、坚固的、努力的”等。例如：Its hard for old people to change their ways. Steel is harder than wood. 2. 当hard用作副词时，意为“努力的、困难的、猛烈地”等。例如：Does Tom work hard at his lessons? Its raining hard outside now. Dont go out. (二)、hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎没有、几乎不”。例如：I can hardly see anything on the blackboard. My father hardly ever watches TV. 3、 much too和too much区别（一）(too) much 中心词是much1相当于形容词，意为“more than enough”，用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。如： Americans eat too much meat in my opinionI drank too much cola last nightThe work is too much for her Shes afraid the trip will be too much for me2相当于名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。如： Too much was happening all at onceYou have given me too much 3相当于副词，在句子中作状语。如：You work too muchShe talks too much（二）(much) too 中心词为toomuch too的用法比较简单，只用作副词作状语，但它不单独使用，在句子中要修饰形容词或副词，但不修饰动词。如：You are much too kind to meIts much too coldYou are driving much too fast【练习】1.we should not eat junk food .A.too much B.much too C.too many D.much too 2. its _ hot in august in Nanjing . A .many too B . much too C . very too D .to much 3. We dont have _ time to work every year. A much too B so many C too much D too many四、also ,too, as well ,either, neither 意思 区别1)also表示也是比较正式的用词, too 是普通用词,口语中用的多,使用时应注意: also 一般用于句子中,其位置在行为动词之前,动词to be之后。如有助动词或情态动词，一般应在助动词或情态动词后，为了强调，也可放在前面。例如： I also went. You are also wrong. too常置于句末，前面可用逗号，如置于句中，其前后均有逗号。