同位语练习与答案.doc

同位语从句 同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较固定,把关键的几个词背下来. 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如： I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I had no idea that you were here我不知道你在这里。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。如： Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）如： l have no idea When he will be back我不知道他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。英语通高二版：巧辨同位语从句与定语从句同位语从句与定语从句在外形上非常相似,它们都有类似的引导词,因此很多同学对如何区分它们感到很困难,今天我们就这一语法现象进行讲解。由于同位语从句的先行词多为ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal（提议，建议）, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等名词,引导词常用that,所以有些同学干脆把这些名词背得滚瓜烂熟,以为只要上述名词后面出现的从句肯定是同位语从句,殊不知上述名词后面出现的从句既有可能是同位语从句,也有可能是定语从句。例如: (1)We were greatly pleased at the news that the Chinese womens volleyball team had won the match again.听到中国女排再次获胜的消息我们极为高兴。(that引导的是同位语从句) (2)We were greatly pleased at the news that our teacher had told us.听到老师告诉我们的消息我们感到很高兴。(that引导的是定语从句) 从上面的例句可以看出,仅仅只靠先行词就断定有些名词之后一定就是同位语从句显然是片面的。那么,究竟应当如何来区分同位语从句和定语从句呢?一般来说,我们可以从以下几个方面去区分同位语从句和定语从句: 1.从意义的角度来看,同位语从句与先行词之间存在的是同位或等同的关系,如例(1)中的news与其后的从句that the Chinese womens volleyball team had won the match again之间,中国女排再次获胜表示消息的具体内容。定语从句与先行词之间存在的是所属关系,表示的,起修饰限定作用。如例(2)中的news与其后的that our teacher had told us老师告诉我们的是对消息进行修饰限定,并不表示消息的具体内容。2.从语法角度来看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起语法作用,用来连接同位语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分,如例(1)中的that;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外,还要在从句中充当句子成分,主要是作主语或宾语,如例(2)中的that在从句中作动词told的宾语。3.从先行词的词性来看,同位语从句的先行词大都为抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,也可以是代词。例如: (1)There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up.毫无疑问,小麦的价格将会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词,同位语从句) (2)Those who were against the plan raised their hands.那些反对这个计划的人举起了手。(Those为代词,定语从句) 4.从可否省略来看,同位语从句的that一般不可以省略,但是定语从句中的关系代词如果在从句中充当宾语,在非正式用语中常常可以将关系代词that省略。5.从引导词来看,同位语从句有时也可以用whether来引导,但是定语从句则一般不用whether来引导。例如: The problem (of) whether they could finish the project is very important.他们是否能够按期完成那个项目,这个问题非常重要。6.who, which, what, when, why, how, where等词都可以用来引导同位语从句,但它们的用法和用作关系代词或关系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同:引导同位语从句的关联词是对先行词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明,与先行词不存在指代关系;而引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词不但在从句中充当成分,而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。例如: (1)The reason why he was late for class is quite clear.他上课迟到的原因显而易见。(why引导的是定语从句) (2)He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order.他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)同位语从句讲义及练习一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加是否的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义，应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。例1：I have no idea when he will be back. 析：he will be back意义不完整，应加什么时候的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。例2：I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike. 析：he went home意义不完整，应加如何的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后肢。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的传闻是假的。因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。例1：Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海) A.while B.that C.when D.as 析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. A.what B.that C.when D.as 析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。例2：She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91) A.it B.which C.this D.that 析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A.it B.which C.this D.that 析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。巩固性练习：1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was