华东理工大学高级英语授课教案book2lesson_9.ppt

advanced english, book two, unit nine,the ones who walk away from omelas by ursula le guin,menu,pre-reading questions background information,introduction to the passage new words text,exercises,could you describe the physical features of omelas after the first reading? 2) what are the people of omelas like? 3) what things are considered unnecessary but undestructive by the writer? 4) whats the writers view on drugs? 5) whats the imprisoned child like?,omelas city,pre-reading activity: background information,background information,about the author,omelas,home,william james,whats allegory,1929-,ursula k. le guin is one of the most important and respected authors of science fiction.,- 16 novels - 4 collections of poetry - 10 childrens books - several screenplays and more,background knowledge,ursula kroeber: - born on october 21, 1929. - her father, alfred kroeber, was an anthropologist, her mother, theodora, a writer of childrens stories - she has three children and two grandchildren.,main plots of her life,-ursula le guin was born ursula kroeber in 1929 in berkeley, california. -her parents are both distinguished professionals; her father, alfred kroeber, was an anthropologist and her mother, theodora covel brown kracaw kroeber, wrote ishi in two worlds. -even at a young age she has success writing science-fiction and fantasy. -le guin attends radcliffe college in cambridge, massachusetts, where she receives her b.a. in 1951. -later attends columbia university in new york city for completion of her masters degree in 1952.,-ursula marries charles a. le guin, a historian, in paris in 1951. the couple has three children and two grandchildren. -her first novel, planet of exile, is published in 1966. -in 1968 she creates the land of earthsea, the fantastic world that becomes the setting for her four most famous books. the tetralogy includes: a wizard of earthsea (1968); the tombs of atuan (1970); the farthest sea (1978); and tehanu (1990). the final book, after a twelve year hiatus, completes a set that she always felt was missing something in the first three books.,main plots of her life,-also in 1968, le guin receives the boston globe-hornbook award for juvenile fiction. -receives the hugo award for her novel, the left hand of darkness, in 1970. -her childrens tale, the farthest shore, wins the national book award in 1973. -another hugo award is bestowed upon ursula le guin for her book the dispossessed: an ambiguous utopia in 1975.,main plots of her life,the most popular works:,a wizard of earthsea (1968) the tombs of atuan (1971) the farthest shore (1972) the dispossessed (1974) the beginning place (1980),background knowledge,leguin said she has studied very little hard science. “my science fiction tends to be social science fiction,“ she said. “but i try not to make mistakes.“,her writing force us to re-examine many of the things that we once took for granted. - cities - political structures - social attitudes - conventional ideas about life,background knowledge,she uses science fiction to explore contemporary issues. she explains why she likes the science fiction form. she says: “ science fiction allows me to help people get out of their cultural skins and into the skins of other beingsin science fiction you are often expected to get into the skin of another person from another culture.”.,(1842 - 1910),american philosopher. 1842. born in new york city, first child of henry james and mary walsh. james. educated by tutors and at private schools in new york.,william james was an original thinker in and between the disciplines of physiology, psychology and philosophy. his twelve-hundred page masterwork, the principles of psychology (1890), is a rich blend of physiology, psychology, philosophy, and personal reflection that has given us such ideas as “the stream of thought“ and the babys impression of the world “as one great blooming, buzzing confusion“ (pp 462). it contains seeds of pragmatism and phenomenology, and influenced generations of thinkers in europe and america, including edmund husserl, bertrand russell, john dewey, and ludwig wittgenstein. james studied at harvards lawrence scientific school and the school of medicine, but his writings were from the outset as much philosophical as scientific. “some remarks on spencers notion of mind as correspondence“ (1878) and “the sentiment of rationality“ (1879, 1882) presage his future pragmatism and pluralism, and contain the first statements of his view that philosophical theories are reflections of a philosophers temperament.,james hints at his religious concerns in his earliest essays and in the principles, but they become more explicit in the will to believe and other essays in popular philosophy (1897), human immortality: two supposed objections to the doctrine (1898), the varieties of religious experience (1902) and a pluralistic universe (1909). james oscillated between thinking that a “study in human nature“ such as varieties could contribute to a “science of religion“ and the belief that religious experience involves an altogether supernatural domain, somehow inaccessible to science but accessible to the individual human subject.,james made some of his most important philosophical contributions in the last decade of his life. in a burst of writing in 1904-5 (collected in essays in radical empiricism (1912) he set out the metaphysical view most commonly known as “neutral monism,“ according to which there is one fundamental “stuff“ that is neither material nor mental. in “a pluralistic universe“ he defends the mystical and anti-pragmatic view that concepts distort rather than reveal reality, and in his influential pragmatism (1907), he presents systematically a set of views about truth, knowledge, reality, religion, and philosophy that permeate his writings from the late 1870s onwards.,“it has sometimes crossed my mind that james wanted to be a poet and an artist, and that there lay in him, beneath the ocean of metaphysics, a lost atlantis of fine arts: and that he really hated philosophy and all its works, and pursued them only as hercules might spin or as a prince in a fairy tale sorts seeds for an evil dragon, or as anyone might patiently do some careful work for which he had no aptitude.“ john j. chapman, a friend of william james,comments from his friends:,a great many people think they are thinking when they are merely re-arranging their prejudices. as a rule we disbelieve all the facts and theories for which we have no use. be not afraid of life. believe that life is worth living, and your belief will help create the fact. human beings, by changing the inner attitudes of their minds, can change the outer aspects of their lives. the art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook. the greatest discovery of my generation is that a human being can alter his life by altering his attitudes of mind.,quotations by william james,the works of william james 1975 william james: writings 1878-1899 william james: writings 1902-1910 the principles of psychology, cambridge 1890 the meaning of truth 1909 some problems of philosophy 1911,works by william james:,omelas is a fictional city of happiness envisaged by the writer. it is a port city by the sea with bright towers and houses with red roofs and painted walls. there are tree-lined avenues, moss-grown gardens, great parks and pubic buildings, which you can see in the article ,whats allegory,allegory, in literature, symbolic story that serves as a disguised representation for meanings other than those indicated on the surface. the characters in an allegory often have no individual personality, but are embodiments of moral qualities and other abstractions. the allegory is closely related to the parable, fable, and metaphor, differing from them largely in intricacy and length. a great variety of literary forms have been used for allegories. the medieval morality play everyman, personifying such abstractions as fellowship and good deeds, recounts the death journey of everyman. john bunyans pilgrims progress, a prose narrative, is an allegory of mans spiritual salvation. spensers poem the faerie queene, besides being a chivalric romance, is a commentary on morals and manners in 16th-century england as well as a national epic. although allegory is still used by some authors, its popularity as a literary form has declined in favor of a more personal form of symbolic expression (see symbolists).,back,introduction to the passage,type of writing: a piece of allegorical description,introduction to the passage,the theme: what is the nature of happiness and on what it depends ?,introduction to the passage,p.143 happiness is based on a just discrimination of what is necessary, what is neither necessary nor destructive, and what is destructive.,introduction to the passage,what is destructive? monarchy slavery stock exchange advertisement secret police bomb,introduction to the passage,what is neither necessary nor destructive? central heating subway trams washing machines beer drug-drooz devices not yet invented,introduction to the passage,what is necessary? beautiful city with avenues, green meadows houses with red roofs gardens citizens were not simple but happy lives were not wretched contentment of life based on the suffering of the child,introduction to the passage,- the terrible justice of reality - people accept it,introduction to the passage,- in the last para. the writer seems to have some doubts about this. - a few young boys and girls do not accept omelas and walk away from it.,introduction to the passage,the last para. the writer puts forward the problem but does not supply the answers.,introduction to the passage,why are they leaving omelas? who are these people? where are they going? are they frightened or dissatisfied with omelas? are they going to found a new utopian city not based on any misery or suffering?,back,clamor:,singular, uncountable 1. a very loud noise made by a large group of people or animals he shouted over the rising clamour of voices. 2. the expression of feelings of anger and shock by a large number of people - used especially in news reports clamour for trouillot disregarded the growing public clamour for her resignation. clamorous : adjective,decorous:,formal having the correct appearance or behavior for a particular occasion decorously adverb a servant was hovering decorously behind them.,mauve:,a pale purple color mauve: adjective mauve flowers,every surface had turned to mauve as the sun descended, ending the debate over the color of the stone.,shimmer:,intransitive to shine with a soft light that looks as if it shakes slightly the lake shimmered in the moonlight. shimmer noun singular, uncountable the shimmer of petrol on the road.,never for one moment does this shimmering, simmering emotional desert storm of a film relax its grip on your senses. our brick courtyard shimmered with colors. rank on rank they stretched to the horizon, their reflections shimmering towards us on a blue mirror. the august heat shimmered in silence.,tambourine:,countable a circular musical instrument consisting of a frame covered with skin or plastic and small pieces of metal that hang around the edge. you shake it or hit it with your hand.,a churchs liveliness should not be judged by the singing, dancing or tambourine playing. directly in front of him were two wind-up monkeys, one with a tambourine and the other with a drum.,lithe:,having a body that moves easily and gracefully the strong lithe bodies of gymnasts lithely: adverb,i felt awkward among the lithe young sun-tanned girls on the beach. the dancers lithe body sentences from books, newspapers, etc. a florid, solid woman, zaiga bore little resemblance to the lithe, romantic girl her parents had lost. feel beautiful, lithe and positive as you do them.,restive:,dissatisfied or bored with your situation, and impatient for it to change communist leaders struggled to rule over increasingly restive populations. restively adverb restiveness noun uncountable,the southern region was growing increasingly restive another person joined the queue and the old lady immediately behind him began to look restive.,halter:,countable 1. a rope or leather band that fastens around a horses head, usually used to lead the horse 2. also halter top halter neck a type of clothing for women that ties behind the neck and across the back, so that the arms and back are not covered jen was wearing black shorts and a halter.,then, just when it seemed to have settled, it made a sharp sideways movement, tugging against the halter. they wore shorts and halters, shirts and jeans.,mane:,countable 1. the long hair on the back of a horses neck, or around the face and neck of a lion 2. literary a persons long thick hair her mane of hair,encircle:,transitive to surround someone or something completely the island was encircled by a dusty road. encirclement noun uncountable,the city is nearly encircled by rebel troops. the photo showed the captive sitting down, encircled by several armed men. troops encircled the city and began firing rockets at the government buildings.,archaic:,1. old and no longer used synonym outdated opposite modern archaic words 2. old-fashioned and needing to be replaced many smaller radio stations broadcast on archaic equipment. 3. from or relating to ancient times archaic civilizations,the english used in chaucers plays is an archaic form of the language. the laws that decide who owns items discovered on an archeological exploration are ridiculously.,stallion:,countable a male horse that is fully grown, especially one that is used for breeding see also mare,aged horses, especially stallions, are more like old people, and are more stressed by change than younger horses.,barbarian:,countable 1. someone from a different tribe or land, who people believe to be wild and not civilized the roman empire came under severe pressure from the barbarians across the rhine. 2. someone who does not behave properly, and does not show proper respect for education, art etc the youths were described as uncivilized barbarians who savagely attacked innocent victims. 3. someone who behaves in a way that is cruel and uncivilized,monarchy:,plural monarchies 1. uncountable the system in which a country is ruled by a king or queen the abolition of the monarchy 2. countable a country that is ruled by a king or queen see also republic 3. the monarchy the king or queen of a country, and his or her family people are going to be questioning the role of the monarchy more and more.,slavery:,uncountable 1. the system of having slaves attempts to abolish slavery (=officially end it) 2. the state of being a slave sell somebody into slavery (=sell someone as a slave),slavery was abolished after the civil war. sentences from books, newspapers, etc. at first this seemed strange to some of the staff who saw it as only one step away from slavery.,shepherd:,countable someone whose job is to take care of sheep,transitive always + adverb/preposition to lead or guide a group of people somewhere, making sure that they go where you want them to go shepherd somebody into/out/towards etc something the tour guides shepherded the rest of the group onto the bus.,savage:,countable old-fashioned not polite a very offensive word for someone who has a simple, traditional way of life,transitive verb if an animal such as a dog savages someone, it attacks them and injures them badly 2. to criticize someone or something very severely the prime minister was savaged by the press for failing to take action quickly enough.,utopian:,also utopia uncountable and countable an imaginary perfect world where everyone is happy see also dystopia utopian adjective a utopian society utopianism noun uncountable,pedant:,countable someone who pays too much attention to rules or to small unimportant details, especially someone who criticizes other people in an extremely annoying way it is the work of a pedant, and shows no originality. sentences from books, newspapers, etc. a right little pedant she can be, when it comes to an intellectual argument. pedantry noun uncountable,sophisticate: some one who is sophisticated.,1. having a lot of experience of life, and good judgment about socially important things such as art, fashion etc a sophisticated, witty american clarissas hair was swept up into a sophisticated style. 2. a sophisticated machine, system, method etc is very well designed and very advanced, and often works in a complicated way sophisticated software a highly sophisticated weapons system 3. having a lot of knowledge and experience of difficult or complicated subjects and therefore able to understand them well british voters have become much more sophisticated. sophistication noun uncountable a new york nightclub that was the height of sophistication (=very fashionable and expensive),treason:,uncountable the crime of being disloyal to your country or its government, especially by helping its enemies or trying to remove the government using violence treason against richter is accused of committing treason against the state. the defendant was convicted of high treason (=treason of the worst kind) and sentenced to death. treasonable also treasonous adjective a treasonable act against the head of state,banality:,ordinary and not interesting, because of a lack of new or different ideas synonym trivial conversations about the most banal subjects banality noun uncountable and countable,i was expecting an interesting interview but he only asked a few banal questions about the weather. it was just another banal newspaper story.,condemn:,disapprove to say very strongly that you do not approve of something or someone, especially because you think it is morally wrong politicians were quick to condemn the bombing. condemn somethi