使用现在分词作状语时应该注意的几个问题.doc

使用现在分词作状语时应该注意的几个问题1、问:Cantyouread?Marysaidtothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing答案是A。碰到这一类型的题,不知道从哪个角度考虑,请解释一下好吗?答:这道考查了现在分词作伴随状语的用法。分词的此种用法,一般可用and连接的并列谓语动词来互换。因此C项缺少连接并列谓语动词的and;B、D属于动词时态的错误。要将动词变成过去式,才能构成谓语。如:Shestoodtherewaitingforthebus.=Shestoodthereandwaitedforthebus.Theysatinthegardentalkingaboutthedaystheyspenttogether.=Theysatinthegardenandtalkedaboutthedaystheyspenttogether.注意:如果分词作状语表方式时,通常不能改为and连接的并列谓语动词,但可用by+动名词来改写。如:Theyeatusingthefingersoftheirrighthands.(分词using短语表方式)=Theyeatbyusingthefingersoftheirrighthands.现在分词作伴随状语和不定式作目的状语的区别:Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.(NMET94)A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing答案是B。如果将逗号改为and,则选C,即并列谓语动词;如果没有逗号,则A、B都对,A项不定式作目的状语,B项作伴随状语。又如:HesentmeanE-mail,togetfurtherinformation.(2000上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope答案是B。可改写为HesentmeanE-mailandhopedtogetfurtherinformation.或可改写为目的状语HesentmeanE-mailtogetfurtherinformation.分词表示的动作一般和谓语表示的动作或状态同时发生的。如果分词的动作先发生,则要用分词的完成式。如:Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontolistentotheradio.Havingbeentheremorethanonce,theoldprofessordidnotshowusaroundthelab.如果两个动作之间,发生在前的一个用谓语动词来表示了,那么发生在后的动作就不能用分词,而只能采用并列的谓语动词来表示。如:Shesetoutsoonafterdarkhomeanhourlater.(NMET94)A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived答案是D。2、问:yourcompositioncarefully,somespellingmistakescanbeavoided.A.HavingcheckedB.CheckC.IfyoucheckD.Tocheck答案是C。为什么不能选A,请解释一下好吗?答:这里涉及了现在分词的逻辑主语问题。一般来说,句子的主语应是分词的逻辑主语,不然,就会出现不一致的情况。如:误:Lookingoutofthewindow,severalchildrenwereplayingaboutinthegarden.正:Lookingoutofthewindow,Ifoundseveralchildrenplayingaboutinthegarden.正:WhenIlookedoutofthewindow,severalchildrenwereplayingaboutinthegarden.误:Hearingthenews,tearscametohereyes.正:Hearingthenews,sheburstintotears.正:Whensheheardthenews,tearscametohereyes.所以,该题如果要选A,应将题改为:Havingcheckedyourcompositioncarefully,youcanavoidsomespellingmistakes.不过,英语中也有一些分词,其逻辑主语不是句子的主语,它们已变成固定词组,表示说话人对所说的话的一种态度。如:Stricklyspeaking,hisansweriswrong.Judgingfrom/byhisaccent,heisfromAmerica.Supposing(=Suppose)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?C