苎麻剥麻机机构设计【23张CAD图纸和说明书】

摘    要

  在研究设计苎麻剥制加工机械的过程中，研究重点往往在机械结构方面，侧重于机械材料和关键部件的选择与设计，而忽视了对被加工物料苎麻茎秆的力学特性的研究，仅限经验估计。故在基于对麻杆进行物理机械特性分析的基础上，科学的进行设计。通过挤压、划破、刮打等连续的工序，实现苎麻的完整剥制过程。工作原理仍然为压辊挤压、划破和剥麻滚筒刮打。不过在具体的机构和传动设计上作出了改进和创新：改变调节杆的安装位置并在结构上作适当的修改，使导料板的调节范围更广；借鉴食品机械的部分机构，增加齿轮连杆调隙机构，可适应多变的加工环境；简化了刀片割麻的复杂过程，直接在二级压辊上设计滚刀，功能容易实现。设计中着重考虑实用原则、经济原则，优先选用常见的标准件、优先的公差配合、来源广泛的工程材料。降低制造成本，提高农机在农村地区的推广度，打破我国农机面临的现状，为农民带来实实在在的好处。

关键词：剥麻；结构设计；改进

Abstract

 Ramie stripping in the research and design process of mechanical processing system, theres archers tend to focus on aspects of the mechanical structure, focusing on key components of mechanical materials and the selection and design, to the neglect of the processing of materials on the mechanical properties of ramie stem research, only on experience. Stick it in based on physical analysis of mechanical properties on the basis of the scientific design. Through extrusion, cut, scratch, such as a continuous process to fight to achieve the complete stripping system ramie process. The working principle for the pressure rollers are still squeeze, cut and scrape peeling drum beat Ma. However, in specific institutions and the drive to improve the design and innovation. Changes in regulation of the installation of pole position and structure to make appropriate changes so that the adjustment guide plate wider; Learn from that part of food machinery to increase the gear linkage backlash transfer can be processed to adapt to changing environment; Ma cutting blade simplifies the complexity of the process of direct pressure in the secondary roller design hob, easy to implement features. Design principles focus on practical considerations,

economic principles, preferred standard parts common priority with the tolerance, the source of a wide range of engineering materials. Lower manufacturing costs, improve agricultural extension in rural areas, the face to break the status quo of China's farm machinery for farmers benefited.

Key words: stripping ramic; structural design; improve

目录

中文摘要 ................................................................ 1

英文摘要 ................................................................ 2

引论 .................................................................... 4

1 剥麻机总体设计 ........................................................ 5

 1.1整体布局设计 ........................................................ 5

2 主要工作部件结构设计 .................................................. 6     

 2.1压辊的设计 .......................................................... 6

 2.2剥麻滚筒的设计 ...................................................... 7

 2.3机架和机壳 .......................................................... 8

3 传动系统设计 ........................................................ . 9

 3.1电动机的选择 ........................................................ 9

 3.2V带传动设计 ......................................................... 10

 3.3带轮的结构设计 ...................................................... 13

 3.3齿轮传动的设计 ...................................................... 14

4 轴的设计 .............................................................. 17  

 4.1右剥麻滚筒轴的设计 .................................................. 17

 4.2其他各轴的设计 ...................................................... 18

5 轴承的选用 ............................................................ 18

6  建的选取与校核........................................................ 19 

7 安装和润滑维护 ........................................................ 20

 7.1安装事项 ............................................................ 20  

 7.2轴承和齿轮的润滑 .................................................... 20

 7.3机器的使用维护 ...................................................... 20

主要参考文献 ............................................................ 21

1 引论 

  苎麻是中国特有的以纺织为主要用途的农作物，是我国国宝，我国的苎麻产量约占全世界苎麻产量的90%以上，在国际上称为“中国草”。苎麻适宜种植在温带及亚热带地区，土壤以土层深厚、疏松、有机质含量高、保水、保肥、排水性好，PH值在5.5-6.5为宜。我国主要产地分布在北纬19度至39度之间，南起海南省，北至陕西省均有种植苎麻的历史，一般划分为长江流域麻区（包括湖南、四均有种植苎麻的历史，一般划分为长江流域麻区（包括湖南、四川、湖北、江西、安徽等省）、华南麻区（包括广西、广东、福建、云南、台湾等省、自治区）、黄河流域麻区（包括陕西、河南等省及山东省的南部）。其中长江流域麻区是我国的主要产麻区，其栽培面积及产量占全国总栽培面积入总产量的90%以上。苎麻一般每年收获3次，生长周期约为50-90天，这随气候条件不同而异。苎麻为短日照植物，昼夜长短不仅影响苎麻开花的迟早，也影响雌雄的比率，日长8-9小时能促进开花，但多生雌花，日长为14小时，则多为雄花。苎麻纤维成份是纤维素，光照强度和每天日照时数对纤维产量有很大影响。日照不足，则光全作用减弱，茎秆软弱、麻皮薄、纤维细胞壁薄、工艺成熟延迟、产量降低。但阳光太强，高温干旱也会使麻株生长受到抑制张 细胞木质化，降低张 品质和产量。