英语2011届高考一轮复习连词考点.doc

2010届高考第一轮复习连词考点一. 教学内容：连词考点二. 重难点讲解：1. Im sorry, _ I wont be able to come tonight.A. forB. andC. butD. then陷阱：容易误选A，因为空格后的句子是用以说明 Im sorry 的原因的，所以便想当然地认为要选for来表示原因。分析：事实上，Im sorry 后习惯上不接表示原因的连词 for，而接表示转折的连词 but（也可省略 but），用以委婉地提出一个使对方不快的事实。又如：Oh, sorry, but shes out. 哦，不好意思，她出去了。Im sorry, but I have to disagree. 对不起，我不敢苟同。Im sorry, but I have already had another appointment. 对不起，我已经有约会了。注：Im sorry 后虽然不能接表原因的连词for，但却可接介词 for。如：Im sorry for shouting at you. 对不起冲你嚷嚷了。I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。2. The point is not who said the words, _ they are true or not.A. but whetherB. and whetherC. but howD. and how 陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析：最佳答案为A。此题涉及两个搭配：一是 not but （不是而是），二是 whether or not （是否）。请看类例：He was not an actor, who often appeared on stage, _ a writer, writing stories.A. butB. andC. thenD. so答案选A，主要考查 not but 结构。3. Just because they make more money than I do, _ they seem to look down on me. A. soB. andC. butD. 不填陷阱：但容易误选A，将汉语的“因为所以”直译为 because so 。分析：此题正确答案为D，但是按英语语法，because 为从属连词，用以引导原因状语从句，它表明整个句子为复合句；而 so 在表示“所以”时，它是并列连词，用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词 because，又用了并列连词 so，使得该句一半像复合句，一半像并列句，从而导致错误。正确的做法是，任意去掉 because 和 so 中的一个，使之要么成为复合句，要么成为并列句。4. Although he had only entered the contest for fun, _ he won first prize. A. butB. andC. evenD. 不填陷阱：容易误选A，将汉语的“虽然但是”直译为 although but 。分析：正确答案选D。按英语语法，although 为从属连词，用以引导让步状语从句，它表明整个句子为复合句；而 but 在表示“但是”时，它是并列连词，用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词 although，又用了并列连词 but ，使得该句一半像复合句，一半像并列句，从而导致错误。正确的做法是，任意去掉 although 和 but 中的一个，使之要么成为复合句，要么成为并列句。其实，此题与上面一题的分析思路是一样的。这里顺便说一句，许多同学（包括许多老师和教学参考书）为了便于记忆，将此题与上面一题的知识点简单地归纳为“按英语习惯，because和so不可连用，although 与 but 不可连用”。这种说法在通常情况下无疑是对的，也是有效的，但同学们一定要在明白以上道理的情况下来使用此规则，如果只是死记该规则，有时遇到一些语言特例仍然会出错。如：But I didnt know that then, although I learned it later. 但我当时的确不知道此事，尽管后来我还是知道了。此句既用了并列连词 but，又用了从属连词 although，但它并未造成错误，原因是此句与上面所讨论的情形有所不同，即此句 but 用于 although 之前，but 在此仅起到与上文转折的作用，but 后的 I didnt know that then, although I learned it later. 仍为一个复合句。I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我试着算这些账，但尽管我懂点数学，仍感到很困难。此句将 but 与 although 用在一起，但此句也没有错误。该句从总体来看，它是一个以并列连词 but 连接的并列句，而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句 although I knew some maths 的复合句这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句。此句也可改写为 I tried doing the accounts, but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths.5. When the last prize had been awarded _ everybody cleared off. A. andB. soC. orD. 不填陷阱：容易想当然地误选A。分析：句首 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，它暗示整个句子为复合句；而so, and, or 为并列连词，无论选哪一个，都表明整个句子为并列句，从而导致前后矛盾，所以A、B、C均不能选择。此题正确答案选D，everybody cleared off 为整个复合句的主句。请看类似例子：（1） If wishes were horses, _ beggars would ride. A. andB. soC. orD. 不填（2） If Im mistaken, _ you are mistaken too.A. soB. andC. orD. 不填（3） Just before I left London, _ I sent him a telegram. A. andB. soC. orD. 不填（4） After they had each said a few words, _ Lloyd George took the floor. A. andB. soC. orD. 不填答案均选D，空格前分别为 if, when, before, after 引导的状语从句，空格后为整个复合句的主句。【典型例题】1. “Shall we stop for lunch _ shall we drive on?” “Lets stop for lunch, but the driver cant drink _ drive.”A. and, andB. or, orC. and, orD. or, and2. “_ when does the pub stay open?” “About midnight.” A. SinceB. BeforeC. UntilD. After3. “Would you like tea _ coffee?” “_, thanks.” A. or, NoB. and, EitherC. or, NeitherD. and, Each4. He imagines that people dont like him, _ they do.A. andB. thenC. soD. but5. I firmly believe _ he said at the meeting was right.A. thatB. whichC. that whatD. what that6. Will you deliver, _ do I have to come to the shop to collect the goods? A. andB. orC. soD. then7. It shocked me to see _ my neighbors treated their children. A. whyB. whetherC. howD. since8. _ the government agrees to give extra money , the theatre will have to close. A. UntilB. UnlessC. SinceD. While9. We were just about ready to leave _ it started to snow. A. whenB. beforeC. afterD. since10. I dont like chicken _ fish.I dont like chicken, _ I like fish very much.A. and, andB. and, butC. or, butD. or, and11. Would you like to come to dinner tonight?Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but答案与解析：1. 选D，第一空填 or，表选择；第二空填 and，cant drink and drive 指不能同时既喝酒又开车，即不能酒后开车。2. 选C，句意为“这家酒店开门到什么时候?（或这家酒店什么时候关门?）”3. 选C，选项A用No来回答选择疑问句，不妥；选项B用 and 连接 tea 与 coffee，说明问句并非提供选择，而答语却用了 either 这样表选择性的词语，也不妥；选项D与语境不符。4. 选D，前后意思转折，故选 but。注：but they do = but they like him。5. 选C，that 为引导宾语从句的连词，在 that what he said at the meeting was right 这一宾语从句中，又包含有what he said at the meeting 这一主语从句，而在该主语从句中，what用作动词 said 的宾语。6. 选B，or 表选择。7. 选C。how 修饰谓语动词 treated。8. 选B，从句意推知。9. 选A，when 在此用作并列连词，意为“这时（突然）”。10. 选C。第一空填 or，在否定词后用or，表示否定两者；第二空填but，表示转折。11. 选D。but表转折，符合语意。而表并列的and， 结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。参考资料：连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。（一）并列连词：并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），as well as（既又），both and（不但而且），not only but also（不但而且），not but（不是而是），neither nor（既不也不），either or（不是就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光荣的）yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.（二）从属连词从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as 引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter（无论）, even if （though）引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so （as） long as 引导结果状语从句的：so that , such that 引导目的状语从句的：so that , in order that 引导比较状语从句的：as as , not so （as） as , than 引导方式状语从句的：as if 引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别1. 当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别： while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替，等于 “at the time that”, “during the time that”。例如：Please keep quiet while （when） others are studying； when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于 “at the time”，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能换成while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可换成while） as常可与when，while通用，但强调“一边、一边”。例如：As （when, while） I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：When （he was） young, he worked for a rich man./ Shell be here to give you help when （if it is） necessary. when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如：Ill come when （if） Im free.2. before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。3. till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not until （till），主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到才”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到为止”。例如：They played volleyball until （till） it got dark./ They didnt talk（延续性动词）until （till） the interpreter（译员）came./ He didnt go to bed（非延续性动词）until （till） the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒装）；till, until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。4. because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别： 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because，因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill； 如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now lets begin.5. although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别： although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet, still。例如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working） though常与even连用，even though表示强调，意为“即使”，但不能说even although，例如：Even though I didnt understand a word, I dept smiling. though可用作副词，意为“然而”，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.6. once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：I dont believe he was once a thief. （once这里是副词）/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. （once连词）7. unless引导条件状语从句等于if not 。例如：Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. （ = Hell accept the job if the salary is not too low.）8. 在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.9. whether, if引导从句的用法区别： 引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：I havent decided whether to leave or not. whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. whether和if均可引导宾语从句， whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesnt rain. 引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，它一般与 whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：I dont know whether/ if they will come or not./ I dont know whether or not they will come. if可用来引导条件状语从句，译“如果”，whether则不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.10. as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。 as引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”。例如：As （he was） a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. as引导方式状语从句，意为“象一样”。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us. as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest. as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he can do it well. （ = Although he is a child, he can do it well.）另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have the same book as you.阅读练习：Tom was one of the brightest boys in the year, with supportive parents. But when he was 15 he suddenly stopped trying. He left school at 16 with only two scores for secondary school subjects. One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer（同龄人） group. The lack of right male（男性的）role models in many of their lives at home and particularly in the school environment（环境） means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.They dont see men succeeding in society so it doesnt occur to them that they could make something of themselves. Without male teachers as a role model, the effect of peer actions and street culture（文化）is all-powerful. Boys want to be part of a club. However, schools can provide the environment for change, and provide the right role models for them. Teachers need to be trained to stop that but not in front of a childs peers. You have to do it one to one, because that is when you see the real child.Its pointless sending a child home if he or she has done wrong. They see it as a welcome day off to watch television or play computer games. Instead, schools should have a special unit where a child who has done wrong goes for the day and gets advice about his problems somewhere he can work away from his peers and go home after the other children.64. Why did Tom give up studying?A. He disliked his teachers.B. His parents no longer supported him.C. Its cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.D. There were too many subjects in his secondary school.65. What seems to have a bad effect on students like Tom?A. Peer groups. B. A special unit.C. The student judges. D. The home environment.66. What should schools do to help the problem schoolboys?A. Wait for their change patiently.B. Train leaders of their peer groups.C. Stop the development of street culture.D. Give them lessons in a separate area.67. A teachers work is most effective with a schoolboy when he _.A. is with the boy aloneB. teaches the boy a lessonC. sends the boy home as punishmentD. works together with another teacher【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）1 .He is very old,_ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.when D.as2. _ you are dismissed.A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and3. They had camped once before, _ they knew what to take.A. because B. now C. so D. since4. Why these things happened was _ the driver had been careless. A. because of B. owing toC. due to D. that5. Although, its raining, _are still working in the fields.A. they B. but they C. and theyD. so they6._we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now.7. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand .you correctly.A. since B. for C. becauseD. so that8.Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unless B. as C. if D. until9. Francis did the task_ his brother.A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as10. The size of the audience,_ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.A. as B. what C. that D. whom11. I thought he hated the TV .You are right,_ he still watches the program.A. yet B. besides C. also D. then12. It looks _ its going to rain.A. that B. as C. as if D. like that13. _ to New York, her father has not heard from her.A. Because she went B. After she wentC. When she went D. Since she went14. _he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky.A. Until B. Since C. While D. During15. We arrived at the station _ the train had left.A. after B. before C. since D. when16._ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If17. Give me one more minute _ Ill have finished.A. so B. until C. and D. when18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,_ he could not find any work.A. and B. yet C. or D. and but19. Hurry up, _ youll be late.A. or B. and C. so D. yet20. Do not make the same mistake _ I did.A. so B. as C. like D. that21. My sister is expecting me,_ I must be off now. A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise22. We should pay attention _ to industry _ to agriculture.A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and23. He ran off_ I could stop him.A. before B. after C. since D. when24. _ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since25. Where have you been _ you left home?A. before B. as C. since D. when 26. _ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.A. UntilB. SinceC. AfterD. Unless27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year_ we did last year.A. as B. than C. like D. white28. It is late; _, Im too tired to go out.A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that29. Everything around us is _ solid .liquid _ gas.A. not . .but. B. either. .or.C. neither. .nor. D. whether. .or.30. He will come _ you ask him.A. whether B. unless C. if D. while31._ he will come or not is still unknown.A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether32. I don t know _ to stay at home or go out. A. whether B. if C. how D. where33. He spoke loudly _ the audience could hear him clearly.A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to34. The book is not easy._ its rather difficult.A. On the one hand B. On the contrary C. On the other hand D. On the other contrary35. You must work hard,_ you will not learn English well.A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless36. It rained heavily,_ the basketball match had to be put off.A. so that B. when C. otherwise D. therefore37. We must do _ the people want us to do.A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever38. You are certainly right,_ others may say.A. what B. whatever C. that D. as39._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever40. Ill discuss it with you _ you like to come. A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever41._ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When42._you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then43._ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.A. No matter how B. No matter what C. No matter when D. No matter where44. We can surely overcome these difficulties,_ we are closely united.A. so far as B. so lon