《英语翻译》PPT课件.ppt

The Nature of Translation (本质) The Definition of Translation (定义) The Criteria for Translation (标准) The Process of Translation (步骤) Translators Competence (译者所应具备的能力) 6. The Methods of Translation (方法),About translation,What is the nature of translation?,The Nature of Translation,Eugene Nida,A branch of science,What is the nature of translation?,The Nature of Translation,傅雷,An art,The Nature of Translation,孙迎春,skill/craft/instrument,What is the nature of translation?,The Nature of Translation,茅盾,The combination of art and science,Linguistic views on translation: Translation is “the replacement of textual material in one language (Source Language) by equivalent textual material in another language.” (Catford),The Definition of Translation,Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and second in terms of style. - Eugene Nida,所谓翻译，是指从语义到风格在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。 -尤金.奈达,The Definition of Translation,Communicative views on translation: The translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced on the original source language readers. (Newmark) 翻译是异语交际活动，通过语言转换达到交际目的。（张泽乾）,The Definition of Translation,Semantic views on translation: Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that author intended the text. (Newmark) 把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。(现代汉语词典),The Definition of Translation,Cultural views on translation: For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function. (Nida) 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 (王克非),The Definition of Translation,General laws of translation (Tytler) 1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. 3. The translation should have all the ease of original composition.,The Criteria for Translation,Criteria for translation 1) True to the original; 2) Vivid; 3) Smooth and natural; 4) Equivalence of response.,The Criteria for Translation,In China 1.玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗 2.严复：译事三难：信，达，雅。求其信， 已大难矣！顾信矣，不达，虽译犹 不译也，则达尚焉。(1898) 3.鲁迅：凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然是 求其易解，一则保存着原作的风姿。 4.傅雷：重神似，不重形似 5.钱钟书：化境 6.许渊冲：杨长避短，发挥译文语言优势。,The Criteria for Translation,The Process of Translation,The Four-phase Process in Translating 1) analysis of the source text; 2) transfer from source to target language; 3) Restructuring in the target language; 4) Testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended audience.,The Process of Translation,The Basic Process of Translation Accurate comprehension; stylistic analysis semantic analysis pragmatic analysis contextual analysis logical analysis 2) Adequate representation; 3) Revision.,To be a good translator: a sense of responsibility 1) the responsibility of representing the original; 2) fulfilling ones clients requirements; 3) conforming to the socio-cultural norms of the receiving country; 4) satisfying the demands of the target language reader; 5) abiding by ones professional ethics.,Translators Competence,A translator must be a “Jack of all trades and master of some“.,朱宪超&韩子满,Translators Competence,Bilingual Competence target language + source language Bicultural Competence the differences and the like in history, geography, climate, lifestyles between target language and source language Encyclopedic Knowledge specialize in more than one field; the use of computers and software; knowledge of the Internet. Political Stand,(Just) Imagine (it).,Ill buy it.,不可能 想不到 真没想到,我不懂 我答不出 请告诉我,Translators Competence,“Come, Come! Dont be so devilishly sulky: its boyish.”,“Why, man, youre genius, a master of masters, a god! At twenty-four, too!”,得，得，也用不着那样地不开心，这完全是孩子气。,”唉，老兄，你真是个天才，圣人中的圣人，人间的天神！而且年纪才只有二十四岁！”,Translators Competence,1. 陈先生乃中国学界泰斗。,2. 那位研究生英年好学，矻矻三载，终 始其论文得以付梓。,Mr. Chen is a renowned master in the academic circles of China.,That graduate student at his lifes full flowering was eager to learn, worked diligently and untiringly for 3 years, and finally he had his thesis published.,Translators Competence,She is a cat.,sandwich man,身前身后挂着广告或标语牌的广告宣传员,她是个心地恶毒的女人。/她是个爱说别人坏话的女人。/他是个胆小鬼。,Translators Competence,The peasant uprisings in the history of China The enemy killed one of our soldiers and we killed an enemy agent.,农民起义,敌人杀害了我们的一名战士，我们宰了一个敌特。,Translators Competence,Literal translation（直译） be armed to the teeth; brain wash; chain reaction; pillar industry; wait-and-see attitude; black market; dollar diplomacy; window of the world; win-win; see God; go west,Translation Methods,The Methods of Translation,Liberal translation(意译) Love me, love my dog. Dont cross the bridge till you get to it. Do you see any green in my eye? It rains cats and dogs. Gone with the Wind; Forrest Gump; Oliver Twist,Tra