2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Gettingalongwithothers讲义牛津译林版.docx

Unit 1 Getting along with others(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1identity n纵联1身份2absurd adj. 荒唐的，怪诞的3sincerely adv. 真诚地4superb adj. 极佳的；卓越的5beg vt.& vi. 请求，恳求；乞讨6awkward adj. 令人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的7childhood n. 童年，幼年8spy vi. 从事间谍活动；搜集情报n. 间谍9athletic adj. 擅长运动的；健壮的10cruel adj. 伤人的；残酷的，残忍的11dislike vt. 不喜欢，厌恶12topic n. 话题13pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏14truly adv. 真诚地，诚恳地，衷心地15acquaintance n. 泛泛之交，熟人； 略有交情，(与某人)认识.重点单词写其形1eager adj.纵联2 热切的，急不可待的2remark n& vi. 评论，谈论3pretend vi.& vt. 假装；装扮，扮作4focus vi.& vt. 集中注意力于；(使)聚焦n. 焦点；重点5sensitive adj. 易生气的；敏感的；体贴的6overcome vt. 克服，解决7mercy n. 宽恕；仁慈8gifted adj. 有天赋的，有天才的9blame vt. 责备，指责n. (坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责10cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的11quarrel n& vi.纵联3 争吵，争执12attitude n. 态度，看法13betray vt. 出卖，背叛14swear vt.& vi. 发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话15pause vi.& n. 停顿，暂停16envy n. 羡慕，忌妒17guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的18apologize vi.纵联4 道歉.拓展单词通其变1admit vt.& vi.承认；允许进入，接纳admission n承认；进入；许可2forgive vt.原谅，宽恕forgiveness n原谅，宽恕3manner n方式；态度，举止manners n礼貌4argue vi.& vt.争吵；争论；主张，说服argument n争辩，争论5disagreement n分歧，争论，意见不一disagree vi.不同意，有分歧6amusement n娱乐，消遣amuse vt.娱乐，消遣；使发笑amusing adj.好笑的，有趣的amused adj.逗乐的；觉得好笑的7hopeless adj.没有好转希望的，无望的；糟透的hope n& v希望hopeful adj.有希望的hopefully adv.有希望地，有前途地8adolescent adj.青春期的n.青少年adolescence n青春期9respond vi.做出反应，回应response n回答；反应10committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的commit vt.犯罪，做错事；把交托给；使承担义务commitment n承诺，保证；委托；承担义务纵联1.拜访“卡片”家族Identity Card (ID)身份证credit card信用卡post card明信片 telephone card电话卡纵联2.“渴望”大全be eager for sth./to do sth.be dying for sth./to do sth.be desperate for sth./to do sth.be keen on doing sth.纵联3.“争论”不止，“辩论”不息quarrel n& vi.争执，争吵 argue vt.& vi.争论；争吵discuss vt.讨论 debate vi.& n争论，争辩纵联4.“歉意”表达种种apologize to sb. for sth. Im sorry for .say sorry to sb. for sth. Excuse me for .单元话题良好的人际关系子话题1人际交往conversation n谈话 gesture n手势，姿势body language肢体语言 facial expression面部表情communicate with同交流exchange ideas交流思想子话题2和谐相处harmonious adj.和谐的considerate adj.体贴的admirable adj.值得赞赏的 respectful adj.恭敬的enthusiastic adj.热情的 reliable adj.可信赖的strongminded adj.有主见的talkative adj.健谈的子话题3分歧争执conflict n冲突 prejudice n偏见，成见abuse vt.辱骂 misunderstand vt.误会break up分手 be fed up with受够了have words with . 与发生口角学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2016全国卷阅读D)Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by _ (argue) with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.加黑词在本单元的反义词是：disagreement，意为“争论，分歧”。选择加黑词在句中的意思：_B_A主题B话题C标题用所给词的适当形式填空：arguing，短语argue_with_sb._about/over_sth.表示“和某人争论某事”。2(2015重庆高考阅读C)I dont see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public. Dont do to others what you wouldnt like to be done to yourself. Once, a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone. I left my seat quietly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation. He realised this and _ (apology) to me. When his phone rang again later, he left his seat to answer it. You see, a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：礼仪，礼貌，在短语in a .manner中，manner意为“方式”。写出加黑部分在本单元的同义动词：dislike，其同根词unlike的词性是介词，意为“不像，和不同”。用所给词的适当形式填空：apologized，短语apologize_to_sb._for_sth.表示“因某事而向某人道歉”。高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2016全国卷书面表达)我应该向你道歉，因为星期五下午我不能和你一起去书店了。(apologize)I_should_apologize_to_you_for_the_fact_that_I_cannot_go_to_the_bookstore_with_you_on_Friday_afternoon.2(2014湖北高考书面表达)感觉到我的困惑状态，我的老师告诉我，把注意力集中在小事上，也能产生很大的影响。(focus)Sensing_my_state_of_puzzlement,_my_teacher_told_me_that_by_just_focusing_my_attention_on_small_things,_I_can_make_a_big_difference. (二)课堂重点释疑1pretend vt.& vi.假装；装扮，扮作记牢pretend练通单句语法填空He often pretends to_be_working (work) when actually he is just wasting time online.Dont pretend to_know (know) what you dont know.When mother came back, I pretended to_have_fallen (fall) asleep.She opened a book, pretending (pretend) to read, with tears dropping on the open page.完成句子I had been lying to myself, pretending_that everything was fine.我一直对自己撒谎，假装一切顺利。写美(2011安徽高考书面表达)当我在学习中遇到难题时，我会向同学或老师求助，而不是不懂装懂。When_I_am_faced_with_difficulties_in_learning,_I_wont_pretend_to_have_known_it,_but_turn_to_my_classmates_or_teachers.联想和pretend用法类似(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen, appear, seem, claim等及be said to结构。2admit vt.& vi.承认；允许进入，接纳；容纳辨清写出下列句中admit的含义(2015浙江高考)The thing is, a number of them have admitted that despite their success, they arent happy.承认John was admitted into the university, as we had expected.允许进入The dining hall in our school can only admit 1,000 at a time, so students in different grades have three meals at different time.容纳记牢(1)admit sb./sth. to ben./adj.承认某人/某物是admit doing/having done/that . 承认做过admit (to sb.) that .(向某人)承认 (2)admit sb. to/into . 准许某人进入(加入)/入学(入院)be admitted to/into 被接收(入学/入院/入党等)(3)admission n. 准许进入；入场费；承认练通单句语法填空Much to my relief, my son was eventually admitted to/into a key university.You should have the courage to admit making/having_made (make) mistakes.Gates open at 10：30 am and admission (admit) is free.完成句子The boy admitted_cheating/having_cheated_in_the_exam(承认在考试中作弊); he would never do that again.Being_admitted_to_the_university (被大学录取) is just the beginning and you will have a long way to go ahead of you.写美(2014四川高考书面表达)因此，我有足够的理由相信，我被最喜欢的大学录取的梦想将会实现。Consequently,_I_have_every_right_to_believe_that_my_dream_to_be_admitted_to/into_my_favorite_university_will_come_true.3forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt.原谅，宽恕记牢forgive sb. sth.原谅某人某事forgive ones doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌练通单句语法填空We forgave him for being rude as he was so young.Tom forgave his little sister for destroying (destroy) his toy car.Please forgive my interrupting (interrupt) your conversation.完成句子I can forgive_you_anything (原谅你任何事) if you amend your ways.After the argument the boys decided to forgive_and_forget (摒弃前嫌)生义读句子猜词义Believe it or not, Ill forgive you the debt.免除(债务)写美(2012江苏高考书面表达)摒弃前嫌也是一种美德，尤其是在竞争如此激烈、压力如此沉重的社会中。It_is_also_a_virtue_to_forgive_and_forget,_especially_in_such_a_competitive_and_stressful_society.4focus vi.& vt.集中注意力于；(使)聚焦 n焦点；重点；(镜头的)焦距辨清写出下列句中focus的含义The UNs role in promoting peace is increasingly the focus of international attention.焦点He took out the telescope and adjusted the focus.焦距The noise made it hard for me to focus on work.集中注意力于If you focus the suns rays on dry wood with a burningglass, it will start burning.使聚焦记牢(1)focus on/upon集中于；重点在focus ones eyes/attention/mind on .把某人的视线/注意力/心思集中到上(2)the focus of . 的焦点练通单句语法填空(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.With so many people focusing their (they) eyes on him, he felt very nervous.完成句子When you are trying to focus_on/upon (全神贯注于) what you are reading, you need to be in a comfortable seat in a quiet room.Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the_focus_of_attention/concern (关注的焦点)写美(2014安徽高考书面表达)由于一直很焦虑，我一次无法保持超过半小时的注意力。Anxious_all_the_time,_I_was_unable_to_keep_focused_for_more_than_half_an_hour_at_a_time.5argue vi.争吵，争论vi.& vt.辩论；主张；说服记牢(1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对某事argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事argue that . 主张/认为(2)argument n. 争论，辩论；论据，论点beyond argument 无可争辩练通单句语法填空Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different.It is beyond argument (argue) that the book belongs to me.He was arguing with his brother about/over how they should spend the money.单句改错To my comfort, I argued him to accepting my proposal.第二个tointoShe argues that wild animals are left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.arebe完成句子He was unhappy because many people argued_against_his_plan (反对他的计划)It is beyond_argument (无可争辩) that there are still millions of people leading a hard life with hunger and coldness.用准argue that .意为“主张”时，that引导的从句中谓语动词常使用虚拟语气，即“(should) do”的形式。写美(2014重庆高考书面表达)我主张我们每个人都应该尽力帮助那些有需要的人。I_argue_that_every_one_of_us_should_try_our_best_to_help_those_in_need.联想“说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：persuade sb.to do sth.persuade o doing sth.convince sb.to do sth.talk o doing sth.6apologize vi.道歉；辩白记牢(1)apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉(2)apology n. 道歉make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉accept/refuse ones apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉练通句型转换 If you are really wrong, you should apologize to your roommate.If you are really wrong, you should make an apology to your roommate.单句改错Victor apologized to his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan.第一个toforYou should make apology to her for your carelessness.make后加an完成句子Please accept_our_apology for the inconvenience this matter has given you.对此事给您带来的不便，请接受我们的歉意。写美(2013山东高考书面表达)我写这封信是为没有及时给你回信表示歉意。Im_writing_this_letter_to_express_my_apology_to_you_for_not_writing_you_back_in_time.7blame vt.责备，指责；把归咎于n.(坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责记牢(1)blame sb. for sth.因某事而责备某人blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上be to blame (for .) (对某事)负有责任(用主动形式表示被动意义)(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人身上练通对比填空(for/on)She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.She laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on her husband.完成句子I am_not_to_blame_for my laziness, mum.Im what you have made me.妈妈，你不该责备我懒惰。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。用准be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。写美(2012江苏高考书面表达)说实话，这是苏的错，但李也应该负有责任。To_be_honest,_it_was_Sus_fault_but_Li_was_also_to_blame.8respond vi.做出反应，回应vt.& vi.回答 记牢(1)respond to答复；对做出反应(2)response n. 回应，反应，回答in response to 对做出反应make a response to 对做出回应练通单句语法填空Dont respond to any emails requesting personal information, no matter how official they look.(2015浙江高考)These comments came in response (respond) to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.句型转换Receiving a message doesnt mean you need to respond to it.Receiving a message doesnt mean you need to make a response to it.用准respond to, in response to, make a response to中的to都是介词，后接名词、代词或v.ing形式。写美(2011湖北高考书面表达)团队合作教会我们要有耐心，以及如何回应不同的人。Teamwork_teaches_us_to_be_patient_and_how_to_respond_to_different_people.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1It would be unbelievable that such an honest fellow should have betrayed (背叛) his friends.2Max is hardworking, cheerful (令人愉快的), and above all honest.3He was born in a poor family, and only received limited education in his childhood (童年)4There is no doubt that its very cruel (残酷的) to kill wild animals for money.5I cant have you speaking to your mother in such a rude manner.You must apologize (向道歉) to her immediately.6As is often the case in nature, some plants are so sensitive (敏感的) to temperature that they can only survive in cool places.7The manager had mercy (仁慈) on the children dressed in rags and gave them some food.8We are advised to be cautious (谨慎的) about making friends on the Internet.单句语法填空1My brother was admitted into the graduate school of Harvard, which delighted us all.2All her energies are_focused (focus) on her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.3The passenger apologized to Angie OEdema because he spoke very loudly on his phone.4To our amusement (amuse), they had a quarrel about such a small thing.5I truly (true) hope that you can take my suggestions into full consideration.6Its bad manners to remark on/upon the appearance of others.单句改错1With his mind focusing on the things not related to his studies, his marks have fallen rapidly.focusingfocused2I sincere hope you can give me a chance. Im looking forward to your early reply.sinceresincerely3There is no doubt that its you who should be blamed for the broken door.blamedto_blame4The teacher made a remark of the high grades the class received on the test.ofon/about5Believe it or not, your attitude for money is more important than how much you have.forto/towards.完成句子/一句多译1Whats your_attitude_towards/to (你对的看法) the topic we are discussing today?2The little girl works very hard and she is_eager_for_her_parents_approval (渴望得到父母的赞许)3Her beauty makes her the_focus_of_attention (关注的焦点)4老板进来时他假装在看一份重要文件。He pretended_that_he_was_reading_an_important_document when the boss came in.(pretend that .)He pretended_to_be_reading_an_important_document when the boss came in.(pretend to be doing)5他把考试失败归咎于老师。He_blamed_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame sth.on sb.)He_blamed_the_teacher_for_the_failure_of_his_exam.(blame sb.for sth.)He_put/laid_the_blame_for_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(blame n) (一)课前自主学习1spy_on暗中监视，窥探2keep_pace_with (与)步调一致，(与)同步3before_long 不久，很快4get_through (用电话)接通5be_based_on 以为根据，以为基础6regardless_of 不管，不顾7end_up 最后成为；最终处于8rely_on 依靠，依赖9thanks_to串记1 幸亏；由于10keep_ones_word串记2 遵守诺言11stay_up 熬夜，挺住12in_advance串记3 事先，提前13cant_help_doing_sth. 情不自禁做某事14in_ones_opinion串记4 在某人看来15feel_like_doing_. 想要做16be_cautious_about 对谨慎；对小心17in_conclusion 总之18look_back_on 回顾，回首19belong_to 属于；是的成员同根短语串记串记1.“理由”多多because of由于，因为 owing to由于，因为due to由于，因为 on account of由于，因为thanks to由于；幸亏 as a result of由于；因为串记2.word短语知多少？keep ones word 遵守诺言break ones word 失信，食言in a word 总之，简言之in other words 换句话说串记3.“inn.”短语集训营in advance事先，提前 in conclusion总之in return作为回报 in order井然有序in place在适当的位置 in trouble在困境中串记4.“就我个人而言”表达种种in my view/opinion personally speakingas far as I am concerned from my point of view1get good grades 成绩优秀2go their separate ways 他们分道扬镳3cheer me up 让我高兴4offer you practical advice 给你提供实用性建议5close friends 密友6share with each other 彼此分享7the final exam 期末考试8patience and mercy 耐心和宽容1I_dont_think I can ever truly forgive her.我认为我永远不会真正地原谅她。2Football is very important to me, but so_is_our_friendship.足球对我很重要，但是我们的友谊也很重要。3When_asked,_they usually hesitate before responding, My best friend? .当被问及这个问题的时候，他们往往在回答之前都要犹豫一下，“我最好的朋友？”学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块和句式1(2018浙江高考完形)Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was staying_up (hanging out/staying up) really late at night to get my work done.(选词填空)2(2016天津高考阅读D)When_planning (当规划时) Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书), I had to create a table of contents based_on (以为根据) the topics of its articles.(完成句子)高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1(2018江苏高考书面表达)我们都知道，大多数消费排名是基于他人对相关产品或服务的判断。(be based on)As_we_all_know,_most_of_the_ratings_are_based_on_others_judgment_on_the_product_or_service_concerned.2(2012广东高考书面表达)多亏了你的鼓励，我在数学上连续取得进步，最终我下定决心要在大学里学习数学。 (thanks to)Thanks_to_your_encouragement,_I_made_continuous_progress_in_math,_and_finally_made_up_my_mind_to_study_it_in_the_university.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1get through(用电话)接通；穿过；通过(考试、议案等)；做完，完成；到达；用完；熬过(困境)辨清写出下列句中get through的含义Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I cant seem to get through.(用电话)接通I was glad to hear that she got through the exam, which she had been preparing for a long time.通过(考试)We got through all our usual Friday jobs list with his help ahead of time.完成Let me use your typewriter when you get through with it.用完记牢go through经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；通过look through 浏览；翻阅see through 看穿，识破break through 突破(障碍)练通选用上述短语填空When you have finished your list of personal preferences, go_through it again.I have looked_through all my papers but I still cant find my notes.Scientists hope to break_through soon in their fight against heart disease.写美(2010湖北高考书面表达)微笑可以帮助我们度过困难的处境，并在满是陌生人的世界中找到朋友。A_smile_can_help_us_get_through_difficult_situations_and_find_friends_in_a_world_of_strangers.2regardless of 不管，不顾记牢regardless of in spite of despite 尽管，虽然练通单句语法填空/完成句子Regardless of being badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.Our club is open to everyone regardless_of/in_spite_of/despite_age,_sex_or_education_background (不管年龄、性别或教育背景)写美(2016江苏高考书面表达)此外，互联网使得调查和投票变得简单方便，不用考虑时间、空间。In_addition,_the_Internet_makes_surveying_and_voting_easy_and_convenient,_regardless_of_time_and_space.3end up最后成为；最终处于记牢(1)end (up) in以告终，结果为end (up) with 以结束(指以某种方式结束)end up as 作为而结束end up doing sth.