2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit2Theenvironment讲义牛津译林版.docx

Unit 2 The environment(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1flow vi. 流，流动；流畅地进行n. 流动；连贯2clap vi.& vt. 鼓掌，拍手3administration n. 管理；管理部门；施行；(美国)政府4conservation n. (对自然环境的)保护5fuel n. 燃料vt.& vi. 提供燃料；加油6businessman n. (尤指上层)商界人员；企业家7raw adj. 原始的，未经加工或处理的8greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的9plant n. 工厂；发电厂 10customs n. 海关；关税11oxygen n. 氧气12carbon n. 碳13vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆14crop n. 庄稼，农作物15engine n. 发动机，引擎.重点单词写其形1debate n& vi.纵联1 辩论；争论，讨论2recycle vi.& vt. 回收利用3quantity n. 数量4conflict vi. 冲突，抵触n. 冲突；矛盾5willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的6decrease vt.& vi.& n. 减少7measure n. 措施，方法；尺度vt. 测量；估量，判定8appreciate vt. 纵联2 欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会9flood n.vt.& vi.纵联3 洪水；大批，大量泛滥；淹没；大量涌入10decade n. 十年11range n. 范围；一系列；山脉vi. (在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序12particular adj. 特指的；特别的；讲究的13arrest vt.& n. 逮捕14credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分15illegally adv. 非法地16goods n纵联4 商品，货品17arrival n. 到来，抵达；到达者.拓展单词通其变1consultant n顾问consult vt.& vi.查阅；请教；商议2production n产量；生产produce vt.& vi.生产，制造product n产品；产物3responsibility n责任，职责responsible adj.负责的；尽责的4belief n看法；信念believe vt.相信5environmental adj.环境的environment n环境environmentally adv.有关环境的6operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术operation n操作；经营；手术operator n操作员；话务员7impress vt.使印象深刻impression n印象impressive adj.给人深刻印象的8electrical adj.电的，用电的electric adj.电的；用电的；能发电的electricity n电；电学；电流9consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费consumer n消费者，用户，顾客consumption n消费10absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的；被吸收的absorption n专注；吸收纵联1.各种“论”法talk n& v谈论，议论 discuss vi.讨论，论述argue v争论；辩论 debate n& vi.辩论，讨论comment n& v评论 remark n& v评论，谈论theory n理论 conclude v得出结论纵联2.“感激”家族appreciate v. appreciation n.grateful adj. gratitude n.thank v. thankful adj.纵联3.可怕的“自然灾害”flood洪水 typhoon台风tsunami海啸 tornado龙卷风sandstorm沙尘暴 earthquake地震eruption(火山)喷发 hurricane飓风纵联4.“形容词s”变成名词的单词荟萃new新的news消息，新闻good好的goods货品，商品short短的shorts短裤chemical化学的chemicals化学药品economic经济的economics经济学单元话题人与环境子话题1环境污染rubbish n垃圾litter n垃圾smog n雾霾 carbon emission碳排放global warming全球变暖 acid rain酸雨emission n排放 radiation n辐射；放射物destruction n破坏，毁坏 carbon dioxide二氧化碳greenhouse effect温室效应nuclear energy核能子话题2环境保护ecofriendly adj. 环保的renewable adj. 可更新的sustainable development 可持续发展environmentally friendly 有利于环境保护的lowcarbon 低碳的ecology n. 生态学endangered adj. 濒危的advocate vt. 拥护，提倡conserve v. 保护，保存学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2018全国卷语法填空)Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country has grown more corn than rice. Corn _ (produce) has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.加黑词块在句中意为：重要农作物用所给词的适当形式填空：production，在句中表示“产量，生产”。写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：decrease，本词语既可以作动词也可以作名词，作名词时构成短语on_the_decrease，意为“在减少”。2(2018北京高考阅读D)While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The _ (arrive) of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.写出加黑词的汉语意思：讨论，争论用所给词的适当形式填空：arrival，符合这一“动词名词”变化规律的词语还有：removeremoval;_proposeproposal;_refuserefusal等。写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：environmental；environmentally friendly意为“环保的”。高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2016全国卷书面表达)如果你能为我检查一下内容和格式，我将不胜感激。(appreciate)I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_check_the_contents_and_format_for_me.2(2017北京高考书面表达)我们讨论要把什么放入视频中。(debate)We_debated_over_what_to_put_into_the_video. (二)课堂重点释疑1responsibility n责任，职责 记牢(1)have the/(a) responsibility to do .有责任/有义务做bear/take (on) the responsibility for 承担对的责任，为负责a sense of responsibility责任感(2)responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的be responsible for 应对负责；对有责任练通单句语法填空Last but not least, its everyones responsibility to_make (make) good use of water.We should be responsible (responsibility) for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.There is no doubt that we human beings should be responsible for the global warming.完成句子If you serve your community, you will grow up to be a good citizen with a_strong_sense_of_responsibility (强烈的责任感)We should motivate the students into taking_the_responsibility_for (为负责) their own work.写美(2011江西高考书面表达)因此，让我们承担起通过骑自行车建设低碳城市的责任。Therefore,_lets_take_the_responsibility_to_build_up_a_lowcarbon_city_by_riding_bicycles.2operate vt.经营，管理；操作vi.动手术；运转；见效，起作用辨清写出下列句中operate的含义People were trapped between floors because the lift didnt operate properly.运转Its too difficult for him to operate this new complex machine.操作My father is a doctor. He operated on a patient on the head last night.动手术The medicine will quickly operate on such patients.起作用They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.经营记牢(1)operate on sb. (for .)(因某病)给某人动手术(2)operation n. 运转，运行；操作come/go into operation 生效，实行be in operation 运转中，实施中operator n. 操作员；接线员练通单句语法填空The patient was in great danger, so the doctors decided to operate on him immediately for his heart disease.The doctor is performing an operation (operate) on the injured child.完成句子It is said that some new rules will_come/go_into_operation_next_month (将于下个月生效)Protective clothing must be worn when_the_machine_is_in_operation (当机器在运转时)写美(2009江苏高考书面表达)对于大多数人来说，没有鼠标操作电脑几乎是不可能的，更不用说上网了。For_most_people,_its_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_computer_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.3impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记，使牢记记牢(1)impress sb. with sth.某事给某人留下深刻印象impress sth. on/upon sb./ones memory (mind)使某人对某事有印象/使某人铭记某事be impressed with/by/at . 对印象深刻(2)impression n. 印象leave/make an impression on sb.给某人留下印象(3)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人难忘的练通单句语法填空It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.Among his many good qualities, punctuality is the most impressive (impress) one.The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw him.My father impressed the importance of honesty on/upon me.完成句子The new teacher made/left_a_good_impression_on/upon (给留下好印象) the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.We will be_impressed_with/at/by (对印象深刻) the newly learnt words only if they are frequently used in everyday communication.写美(2016天津高考书面表达)给我们印象最深的是你们的艺术技巧，显示出了你们过人的天赋。What_impressed_us_most_are_your_art_skills,_in_which_you_showed_outstanding_talent.4decrease vt.& vi.& n减少记牢(1)decrease to减少到decrease by 减少了decrease from . to . 从减少到(2)on the decrease 在减少练通完成句子Last year the number of independent firms decreased_from_198_to_96 (从198家减少到96家)To be frank with you, the number of the people who drive after drinking is on_the_decrease (在减少)The traffic accidents in the city decreased_by_30% (减少了30%) last year.写美(2015江苏高考书面表达)说实话，违反交通规则的人正在减少。Honestly_speaking,_people_who_break_traffic_rules_are_on_the_decrease.5measure n措施，方法；尺度vt.测量；估量，判定 vi.(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为辨清写出下列句中measure的含义We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them. 措施This line measures four times as long as that one. 量度为It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. 尺度Its difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.估量Did you measure the distance between the two development zones？测量记牢(1)be measured by/in用来衡量/计算(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事make . to sb.s measure 按某人的尺寸做练通单句语法填空Education shouldnt be measured purely by/in examination results.The new bridge under construction, measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival coming.完成句子Right now, the government should take_powerful_measures (采取强有力的措施) to push the states economy forward.用准measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若表示此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。写美(2013重庆高考书面表达)它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。The_number_of_them_is_less_than_1,000,_so_I_hope_you_can_take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them.6range n(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉vt.& vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序辨清写出下列句中range的含义The houses are sold out within this price range.范围Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.山脉The temperature of this city ranges from 0 to 30 . (在一定范围内)变化The company manufactures a range of innovative lightweight cycles.一系列These missiles have a range of 300 miles.射程记牢(1)in/within range (of sth.) 在(的)范围内beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在(的)范围外a range of 一系列的(2)range from . to . range between . and .在和范围内变化练通单句语法填空(2017北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60km/h and 120km/h.完成句子I have_a_wide_range_of_hobbies (爱好广泛), including reading, keeping a diary, playing balls with friends and so on.The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond_our_range (超出了我们能承受的范围)写美(2013辽宁高考书面表达)除了这些传统活动，我们还有更广泛的选择，例如旅行和拜访我们的亲戚或朋友。In_addition_to_these_traditional_activities,_we_have_a_wider_range_of_choices_such_as_travelling_and_visiting_our_relatives_or_friends.7appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会，理解记牢(1)appreciaten./pron./v.ing 欣赏/感激I would appreciate it if . 假如，我将不胜感激(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激练通单句语法填空Wed appreciate your leaving (leave) as fast as possible.I really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.用准appreciate表示“感激”时，后面跟动词ing形式作宾语；appreciate后的宾语可以是sth.或形式宾语it，但不跟sb.作宾语，如果表示“感激某人”则用thank sb.。当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。写美(2017全国卷书面表达)如果你能方便时尽快回复我的信件我将不胜感激。Ill_appreciate_it_if_you_can_reply_to_my_letter_at_your_earliest_convenience.8particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的记牢(1)be particular about对讲究/挑剔in particular 尤其，特别(2)particularly adv. 尤其，特别练通单句语法填空It was a good concert I enjoyed the last song in particular.Steve was in a particularly (particular) bad mood when he got back.完成句子Mary is going on a diet, so she is_very_particular_about_food (对食物相当挑剔)写美(2009广东高考书面表达)他特别提醒我们，如何握笔也与近视有关。He_reminded_us_in_particular_that_how_to_hold_a_pen_is_also_related_to_shortsightedness.9absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注辨清写出下列句中absorb的含义This work had absorbed him for several years, and finally he won a good reputation for his work.使全神贯注Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.吸收记牢(1)absorb/attract/draw ones attention吸引某人的注意absorb . into . 把吸收进absorb oneself in . 全神贯注于(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的(be/get) absorbed in . 全神贯注于absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的练通单句语法填空This kind of cream is easily absorbed into skin, which is a good seller this year.Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he didnt hear what I said.The novel was so absorbing (absorb) that she read on without a break.句式升级The singer was absorbed in his singing.The singer forgot to have his lunch.(用过去分词作状语合并句子)Absorbed_in_his_singing,_the_singer_forgot_to_have_his_lunch.生义读句子猜词义Its a lot of information to absorb all at once.理解，掌握写美(2015福建高考书面表达)一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他正在专心致志地读书。A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_through_a_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_absorbed_himself_in/was_absorbed_in_his_reading.联想be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in .。类似用法的还有：be lost in .陷入；专心致志于be caught/trapped in . 被困在be buried in . 埋头于be devoted to . 致力于；专心于be occupied in . 忙于be involved in . 专注于词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1Her greedy (贪婪的) parents married her a rich man she didnt love.2It is recognized that environmental (环境的) pollution has become one of the most serious problems.3It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit (信用)4They came into conflict (冲突) with the local villagers because of a heated quarrel.5Successful are those who are willing (乐意的) to take pains.6The newspaper is believed to have been unprofitable for at least the past decade (十年)7The escaped prisoner got arrested (逮捕) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.8Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent a decrease (减少) of 40 per cent.单句语法填空1My brother has a firm belief in the value of cold bath.2In the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation (operate)3The exchange program between the UK and China may affect various schools ranging (range) from kindergartens to high schools.4Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.5Large quantities of food are_wasted (waste) because of the way it looks.6She loves the song in particular, because her mother used to sing it.7We need to take responsibility (responsible) for looking after our own health.8One of the questions under debate over education in many colleges is whether education is a lifetime study.单句改错1The demand for tea is on decrease each year.on后加the2The classroom measured 30 feet long and 20 feet wide is used as a shelter for the survivors.measuredmeasuring3Absorbing in his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.AbsorbingAbsorbed4Their account of the event was in the conflict with ours.去掉第二个the5The doctor operated the patient at once and saved his life.operated后加on.完成句子/一句多译1Their honesty and hospitality leave_an_unforgettable_impression (留下难忘的印象) on her life.2She was_so_particular_about_her_housework (对家务活如此挑剔) that servants will not work for her.3如果你能教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。Id_appreciate_you/your_teaching_me how to use the computer.(appreciate sb./sb.s doing)Id_appreciate_it_if_you_could_teach_me how to use the computer.(appreciate it if)Id_be_grateful/thankful_to_you_if_you_could_teach_me how to use the computer.(be grateful/thankful to sb.)4由于专心作画，约翰没有注意到我进入他的书房。As he was_absorbed_in_painting,_John didnt notice me enter his study.(be absorbed in)Absorbed_in_painting,_John didnt notice me enter his study.(分词作状语)(一)课前自主学习1open_the_floor自由发言 2cut_back_on 减少，削减，缩减3use_up串记1 用尽4run_out_(of) 用完，耗尽5clean_up 打扫(或清除)干净6queue_up 排队等候7pick_out 找出，挑选8under_way 进行中9in/with_regard_to 关于，至于10let_off串记2 排放，释放11in_particular串记3 尤其，特别12do_ones_part 尽自己的职责13result_in 导致14rely_on_._for_. 依赖提供15large_quantities_of 许多，大量16blame_._on_. 把归咎于17put_._in_danger 把置于危险之地18in_use 在使用中同根短语串记串记1.“v.up”短语荟萃turn up 出现，到场make up 组成；弥补；编造pick up 捡起，拾起；学到speed up 加速link up 联合，连接use up 用尽串记2.let 短语一览let alone 不管；不打扰let down 放下；使失望let out 放出；泄露；出租let off 排放let pass 放过；不追究let in 允许进入；容许串记3.“inn.”短语联想in particular 尤其，特别in turn 依次，反过来in common 共同，共用in detail 详细地in general 普遍地，一般地in use 在使用中1hiding from their responsibilities逃避责任2keep the Earth clean and healthy 保持地球清洁、健康3environmental protection 环境保护4ecofriendly washing powder 环保型洗衣粉5economic development 经济发展6decrease desertification 减少沙漠化7replace their crops with trees or grass 退耕还林或还草8help improve the local environment帮助改善当地的环境1With_me_are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant.和我一起的，一位是来自绿色地球协会的林水清女士，另一位是商业发展顾问钱力伟先生。2The worlds population has grown by six_times_what_it_was in 1800. 世界人口比1800年已经增长了六倍。3I liked_it_when you told that joke.我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。4Therefore, the_more petrol and electricity we consume, the_more carbon we are letting off.因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)(2015天津高考阅读A)Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students_must_clean_up_after_cooking (学生在做饭后必须打扫干净). This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that_are_not_kept_clean (没有保持清洁的) may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1(2011安徽高考书面表达)作为高中生，我们在学习过程中遇到了一个接一个的困难。(run into)As_high_school_students,_we_run_into_one_difficulty_after_another_in_the_process_of_learning.2(2013安徽高考书面表达)我认为我们应该尽自己的职责来改变这一现状。(do ones part)I_think_we_should_do_our_part_to_change_the_situation.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1cut back on 减少，削减，缩减记牢cut across/through 抄近路穿过cut in 插嘴，打断(谈话)cut off 切断(供应)，中断(电话通话等)；断绝cut down 砍倒，削减，裁小cut up 切碎练通选用上述短语填空We cut_back_on spending, which meant learning a whole new way of living.It is impolite of children to cut_in when their seniors are talking.The water supply has been cut_off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.Many big trees along the road have been cut_down for building houses, many of the branches of which have been cut_up for