《Lecture句序调整》PPT课件.ppt

翻译基础 Translation Techniques,Lecture 7 Restructuring 翻译中的结构调整,Outline,I. Students Group Presentation II. 英汉语言的词序差异 III. Restructuring in English-Chinese Translation 3.1. Keeping the Original Sequence 3.2 Reversing According to Time Sequence 3.3. Adverbial Clauses in a Complex Sentence 3.4. Cases Involving Adverbials 3.5. “That-“ Clause Used as a Judgment or Conclusion IV. Restructuring in Chinese-English Translation 4.1 Different Sequences in Customary Word Combinations 4.2 定语的位置 4.3 几种定语后置现象 4.4 状语的位置,Definition and Examples,Restructuring，as one of the translation techniques，means the necessary or inevitable change of word order in a sentence according to the usage of the target language. It is also called rearrangement or inversion. 翻译时根据译文的语言习惯，对原文的词序进行调整，使译文做到最大程度上的通顺，这就是换序译法。 It is odd to watch with what feverish ardor the Americans pursue prosperity and how they are ever tormented by the shadowy suspicion that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it. 美国人以疯狂的热情追求富足生活，却又怀疑自己是否真正选中了致富的最佳捷径，因此深受自我折磨之苦。见到美国人如此生活，旁观者真是百思不解。 An American will build a house in which to pass his old age and sell it before the roof is on. 美国人会为安度晚年去兴建一幢房子，却又会在房顶还没架上屋梁时就把它卖掉。,I. Different Word Order in English and Chinese,English sentence patterns: MinorMajor NearFar Specific-General Weak-Strong 汉语一般把重要的、语气强的词语紧靠中心词。 His address is 3612 Market Street，Philadelphia，PA. 19109，USA. 他的地址是美国宾夕法尼亚州费城市场街3612号，邮政编码19104。 My uncle passed away in hospital at 2: 30 a. m. on September 12，1999. 我的伯父于1999年，九月12日凌晨2点30分在医院逝世。 一定要分清敌我。 We must draw a clear distinction between ourselves and the enemy.,Analyze the long sentence and judge the Chinese order:,I believe(1) that I speak for every sincere and serious representative in the United Nations(2)- so I am encouraged to believe by the speeches to which we have already listened this morning(3)-when I say(4) that the anniversary must be an occasion for an honest assessment of our failures in the past(5), matched by an equally determined will to do better in the future(6), so that we can escape from frustration(7) and turn the anniversary into an inspiration and an achievement(8). 汉语表达习惯：5-6-7-8-4-1-3-2,Chinese Version,这次周年纪念会应该是一个老老实实地评估我们过去的失误的时机，同时也应该是一个表达我们有同样决心要做好今后工作的时机。这样，我们就可免遭挫折，并可把这次周年纪念变成一种鼓舞和成就。当我讲这番话时，我相信-今天上午我们听到的发言也使我相信-我是代表联合国每一位真诚和严肃的代表讲话的。,II Restructuring in English-Chinese Translation,2.1. Keeping the Original Sequence Laid out in the early 15th century, the Forbidden City unfolds powerfully in courtyard after courtyard, as if the power of the emperor himself could never quite be reached. 早在15世纪初，紫禁城就形成了现在的格局：重重庭院错落有致，气势显赫，犹如皇帝的龙威，可望而不可及。,2.2 Reversing According to Time Sequence,English sentences are generally bound by syntactical rules，and they are often arranged in order of importance；while Chinese sentences are more flexible，and usually arranged according to the sequence of time. He had to quit the position and went into exile，having been deprived of his power. 他被剥夺了权力之后，只好离职，流落他乡。 We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left China in 1959. 我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭到自然灾害。当我们在国内读到这方面的消息时，心情颇为低沉。 As was cleared up some time later, news came from a distance that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。,2.3. Adverbial Clauses in a Complex Sentence,Adverbial clauses of condition，concession or cause，and so on in English may stand either before or after a principal clause，however, when translated into Chinese，they are normally placed before the principal clause. The government is determined to keep up the pressure whatever the cost it will pay in the end. 不论最终将付出什么代价，政府决心继续施加压力。 The librarians have compiled a card-index catalogue so that they can afford facilities for reference. 为便于参考起见，图书馆馆员们编制了索引目录卡。,2.4. Cases Involving Adverbials,There are cases in which an adverbial（or an adj. phrase）in English functions as an adverbial clause（or non-restrictive clause）In Chinese the adverbial（or adj. phrase) is usually placed at the end of the sentence and is amplified into a sentence. They，not unexpectedly，did not respond. 他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。 Illogically，she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合情理。 With the fear of largely imaginary plots against his leadership，his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him. 由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导，他似乎完全丧失了自信。但所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己假想出来的。,2.5. “That-“ Clause Used as a Judgment or Conclusion,“That-“clause is usually adopted in expressing a judgment or conclusion. When a “that-“ clause which serves as the subject（of a sentence or a clause）is too long and consequently “it” is simultaneously used as the “formal subject“，restructuring is often called for，so as to conform to the Chinese usage. I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice. 我同样认为，欧洲应该日益团结起来，并且用一个共同的声音说话，这是符合全世界的利益的。 It is not surprising that，when humidity is low，the water evaporates rapidly from the fruit. 在大气湿度低的情况下，水果里的水分蒸发就快，这是不足为奇的。,More Examples:,It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit I had intended to pay to China in January. 我原打算在1月访问中国，后来又不得不推迟，这使我深感失望。 It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintain flight. 要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飞行，这很容易。,III. Restructuring in Chinese-English Translation,3.1 Different Sequences in Customary Word Combinations 3.2 定语的位置 3.3 几种定语后置现象 3.4 状语的位置,3.1 Different Sequences in Customary Word Combinations,heart-warming暖人心的 tough-minded 意志坚强的 East China 华东 north and south, east and west 东西南北 rain or shine 无论晴雨 Inconsistency of deeds with words 言行不一 the iron and steel industry 钢铁工业 quick of eye and deft of hand 手疾眼快 Food, clothing, shelter and transportation 衣食住行 you, he and I 我、你、他 前前后后，来来去去Back and forth, to and fro 一切可能的手段 Every means possible,3.2 定语的位置,英语中单词、短语、从句等都可作为定语。一般来说，单词放在所修饰的名词前，短语与从句放其后。 精湛的工艺 （工艺精湛） fine workmanship 一支落败的军队 a defeated army 社会主义的现代化强国 a modem，powerful socialist country 一位美国现代优秀作家 an outstanding contemporary American writer 各条战线上的先进工作者们 advanced workers from various fronts 英国是第一个承认中国的西方大国。 Britain was the first Western power to recognize China .,3.3 定语后置现象(I),修饰以some, any, every, no 为词根的词汇定语要后置 他想找一个可靠的人帮助工作。 He wanted to get someone reliable to help in the work. 今天报上有什么重要的消息吗？ Is there anything important in todays paper? 咱们到一个安静的地方去吧。 Lets go somewhere quiet. 医生为救病人，尽到了一切必要的努力。 The doctor did everything necessary to save the patient. 这个句子没有什么不对的地方。 There is nothing wrong with this sentence.,3.3 定语后置现象(II),表语形容词作定语必须后置,某些分词用作定语时也须后置 他真是一个活雷锋。 He is indeed a Lei Feng alive. 他们收下赠送的礼物，十分高兴。 They were very glad to have accepted the presents offered. 那些唱歌的人大部分是妇女。 Most of the people singing were women. 他要求有关的人员都积极参加这项工作。 He urged those concerned to take an active part in the work. 日本和我们是一衣带水的邻邦。 Japan is our close neighbor separated only by a narrow strip of water.,3.3 定语后置现象(III),某些表示位置，方向的副词后置 这是唯一的出路。 This is the only way out. 他作了一次国外旅行，刚刚回来。 He has just returned from his trip abroad.,3.3 定语后置现象(IV),某些以 ible 或 able 结尾的形容词用作定语时，与 every ， the only ，或形容词最高级连用来修饰名词时，也常放在名词后面。 我们一定要用一切可能的办法来帮助他们。 We must help them in every way possible .,Now You Try:,他们努力尽可能快的速度提高产量。 They are working to increase production at the highest speed possible. 这是这儿能找到的唯一参考书。 This is the only reference book available here. 在太空中有各种各样肉眼看不见的波。 There are various kinds of waves invisible to the naked eye in the aerospace. 这是能想像得出的最好解决办法。 This is the best solution imaginable.,3.4 状语的位置,1) 他整天工作。 He works all day long. 2）1980 年以来，他只来过北京一次。 Since 1980, he has come to Beijing once only. 3）因有风暴，野餐延期。 On account of the storm, the picnic was postponed. 4）一般来说，理论、计划、或措施的制定都必须要符合外界客观规律。 Generally speaking, theories, plans and measures must be worked out in accordance with the laws of the objective external world.,Now You Try:,如果天气合适，我们要到白云山去玩。 Weather permitting, well go on an excursion to the Baiyun Mountain (Mountain with white clouds). 乌云散掉之后，太阳又开始放射光芒。 The dark clouds having dispersed, the sun shone again. 使他吃惊的是，她不仅没有表扬他，反而批评了他。 To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him. 会议将于明天下午在国际会议厅举行。 The meeting will be held in the International Conference Hall tomorrow afternoon.,Reference and Suggestions for further study,英汉互译实践与技巧 Unit 6(p65-74) 英汉翻译方法与试笔 第五章第七节-第八节（p 219-231）,References for Homework Exercise,1. 她非要他讲清楚他的每一分钱都到哪儿去了，（对此）他哑口无言。 2. 这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能，性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。 3. 相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。 4. 如果有人敢于公然蔑视世界公众舆论而一意孤行，那他一定是个鲁莽之徒。,5. 由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重提访问之事，这使我感到特别高兴。 6. 大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰喷射，周围是一片废墟，这些都有报道。 7. 总统也号召每年的这一天，在东部时间8：46，也就是当第一架飞机撞上第一座塔楼的时刻全国默哀。 8. 如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。,9. 你们能不能不分东西南北，建立起一个对付这些敌人的全球联盟，以保证全人类享有更为丰富的生活？你们是否愿意参与这一历史的努力？ 10. 游客太多了，这小地方接待不过来。搭班船的，坐包船的，驾游艇的，一批批涌到，从早到晚，络绎不绝，漫步爬上纤路，他们想看什么呢？ 1. I did not know that he was hospitalized until yesterday. 2. We must get a clear understanding of the things concerned.,3. Their troops advanced by both land and water, and arrived at the front in time. 4