2019年高中英语Unit1BuildingthefutureSectionⅡWelcometotheunit.docx

Section Welcome to the unit & Reading Language Points.高频单词(一)根据英文提示写出下列单词1rainfall the total amount of rain that falls in a particular area in a particular amount of time2gravity the force that makes sth. fall to the ground 3dilemma a situation in which you have to make a difficult decision4loaf bread in a long, round, or square shape that you cut into pieces for eating5permanent lasting or existing for a long time or for all time in the future6controversial causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement(二)根据词性和词义写出下列单词7longterm adj. 长期的，长远的shortterm (反义词)8politician n从政者，政客 politics n政治，政治学political adj.政治的9conventional adj.传统的，常规的 convention n惯例10expense n费用，开销 expensive adj.昂贵的11wrestle vt. & vt.努力对付或解决，摔跤 wrestler n摔跤运动员wrestling n摔跤运动 .重点短语1lead to导致2raise money for 为募集资金3of the time 当时的；当代的4be aware of 意识到5make_the_headlines 成为重要新闻6put_pressure_on_sb._(to_do_sth.) 促使/迫使某人(做某事)7beyond_doubt 毫无疑问8at_a_crossroads 处于关键时刻.经典句型1句型展示While they are seeing great development, they are still poorer than many countries in other parts of the world, and there is a danger that they could fall further behind developed countries. 虽然他们发展很快，但仍然比世界上许多其他地方的国家贫穷，并且它们面临着远远落后于发达国家的危险。典例背诵While housing prices have gone down, many people doubt whether they will remain so.虽然房价已下跌，但很多人怀疑价格是否能稳住。2句型展示These things provide a framework for new jobs to be created, allowing_people_to_help themselves so that they no longer need to depend on others.这些事情为创造新的工作提供了一个体系，使得人们可以自助而不再需要依赖他人。典例背诵Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. 80多个国家都踢足球，因此足球成了一种很流行的运动。3句型展示This_is_why education and training for young people is so important.这就是为什么对年轻人的教育和培养是如此重要。典例背诵I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet all through.我既没穿雨衣，也没带雨伞，所以全身都淋湿了。1. make the headlines 成为重要新闻教材原句The concert also made the headlines around the world, and put great pressure on politicians and statesmen to do something about the problem of world hunger.音乐会也受到了全世界媒体的极大关注，这给政客和政治家施加了巨大压力，迫使他们对世界饥荒问题采取行动。The situation in Syria makes the headlines now.叙利亚局势成了现在各大媒体关注的焦点。headline n. C标题；大字标题the headlines 头版要闻make /hit/grab the headlines 成为重要新闻The scandal was in the headlines for several days.这一丑闻连续几天都刊登在头版头条。即境活用1完成句子电脑犯罪在1983年首次成为媒体报道的重要新闻。Computer crime first made_the_headlines in 1983.明星分手和他们的奢华婚礼一样引人注目。Celebrity divorces always hit_the_headlines as much as their luxurious weddings.2. put pressure on sb. (to do sth.)促使/迫使某人(做某事)The US government has been putting pressure on Iran these days.这些天美国政府一直给伊朗施压。Advertisements put pressure on girls to be thin.广告促使女孩子竞相瘦身。pressure n压力；催促，要求under the pressure of 在的压力之下under pressure 在压力之下the pressure for . 的呼声give in to pressure 屈从压力Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure.青少年可能觉得很难抗拒同龄人的压力。In big cities, many people choose to rent houses under the pressure of the high housing prices.在大城市，在高房价的压力下很多人选择租房。即境活用2用适当的介词填空Before the exam, dont put pressure on your children to stay up late.The director is under increasing pressure to resign.The pressure for change continued to mount.3. wrestle vi. & vt.努力对付或解决；摔跤教材原句In wrestling with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up an agency called the World Food Programme (WFP) in 1963. 为了应对全世界的饥荒，联合国于1963年成立了一个名为世界粮食计划署的专门机构。She spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem.她整个周末都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。Should women be allowed to wrestle with men in a competition?女性应不应该被允许和男性比赛摔跤？The police wrestled the thief to the ground and arrested him.警察把小偷摔倒在地并逮捕了他。wrestle with sth.努力处理wrestle with sb. 与某人摔跤wrestle sb. to_the_ground/floor 把某人摔倒在地形象记忆即境活用3He has had to wrestle _ accusations of corruption these days.AagainstBwithCfor Don解析：选B。句意：最近他得绞尽脑汁地处理各种有关腐败的指控。wrestle with sth.“努力处理某事”。4. beyond doubt毫无疑问教材原句This is beyond doubt an amazing achievement, but is it enough?毫无疑问，这是惊人的成就，但是这就足够了吗？What is beyond doubt is that he is incompetent.毫无疑问的是他不称职。(1)have no doubt that . 确信There is no doubt that . 毫无疑问have doubt whether . 怀疑There is (some) doubt whether . 对持有疑问(2)beyond prep. 超出(之外)；非所能及；在(或向)的那一边beyond belief/recognition/words 难以置信/认不出来/不知该如何表达be beyond sb. 对于某人来说难以理解There is no doubt that the measures will be extremely unpopular.毫无疑问这些措施会很不得人心。The center of Beijing has changed beyond all recognition.北京的中心已经变得认不出来了。点津名词doubt后接同位语从句时，否定句和疑问句则用that 引导，若主句是肯定句则用whether引导。即境活用4There is no doubt _ environmental protection is the key to dealing with the pollution problem.Athat BwhetherCwhat Dwhy解析：选A。句意：毫无疑问，环境保护是处理污染问题的关键。there is no doubt表示“毫无疑问”，其后的同位语从句信息完整，不缺成分，应用that引导。5. at a/the crossroads处于关键时刻教材原句Today, some developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America stand at a crossroads.今天，非洲、亚洲和南美洲的一些发展中国家正处于发展的关键时刻。He is at a crossroads in his career.他的事业正处于关键时刻。点津crossroads的单复数形式相同，意为“十字路口，转折点”。At the next crossroads, turn right.在下一个十字路口向右拐。即境活用5完成句子他们来到了人生的转折点。They have come to a_crossroads in their lives.未来的路还很长，我们只是到达了其中的一个十字路口，一个新的转折点。The future is still a long way to go; we just arrived at_a_crossroads,_a new turning point.6. expense n费用，开销教材原句Aid agencies like projects such as water buffalo banks, as the main expense for helping a village is the cost of one water buffalo.向水牛银行这样的机构提供援助吧，因为帮助一个村庄的主要费用就是买一头水牛的花费。I dont think we can afford the expense.我认为我们负担不了这个费用。(1)at sb.s expense 由某人付费at the expense of 以为代价；由付费用put sb. to the expense of doing sth. 使某人花钱做某事spare no expense 不惜费用living expenses 生活费用(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的We are supposed to provide safety equipment at our own expense.我们必须自己掏腰包购买安全设备。That little mistake put us to the expense of reprinting the whole book.那个小小的错误竟然使我们花钱重印了整本书。Can I give you something towards expenses?在开支方面我能为你做点什么吗？即境活用6完成句子她完成了工作，但损害了健康。She completed the work at_the_expense_of her health.他不惜一切代价帮助我们。He spared_no_expense_in helping us.他不惜一切代价帮助我们。1While they are seeing great development, they are still poorer than many countries in other parts of the world.虽然他们发展很快，但仍然比许多世界其他地方的国家贫穷。本句是一个主从复合句，while引导让步状语从句，用于句首，意为“虽然，尽管”。While I like the colour of the shirt, I dont like its style.虽然我喜欢这件衬衣的颜色，但我不喜欢它的样式。We must strike while the iron is hot.我们必须趁热打铁。I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜欢喝茶，而她喜欢喝咖啡。即境活用1(2012湖南高考) _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.AWhileBOnceCIf DUntil解析：选A。句意：虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。根据句意可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，所以选while，意为“尽管，虽然”。2. These things provide a framework for new jobs to be created, allowing_people_to_help themselves so that they no longer need to depend on others. 这些事情为创造新的工作提供了一个体系，使得人们可以自助而不依赖别人。本句是一个复合句，主句为简单句，allowing people to .是现在分词短语作结果状语，且该结构中还含有so that引导的结果状语从句。A terrible earthquake happened in Japan in March, 2011, bringing a great disaster to the Japanese people.2011年3月日本发生了大地震，给日本人民带来了巨大的灾难。The storm left, causing a lot of damage to this area.风暴过去了，给这个地区造成了很大损害。现在分词，不定式现在作结果状语时，谓语动词所造成的必然结果或自然而然的结果分词不定式(1)作结果状语时，谓语动词所造成的偶然结果或出乎意料的结果(2)用于too . to ., enough .to和so/such .as to结构中He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.他急忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。He is old enough to join the army.他到了参军的年龄了。即境活用2(2012山东高考)George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. Ato be told BtellingCbeing told Dtold 解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开他了。此处是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果，而且George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。如果用动词ing形式，则表示意料之中的结果。3This_is_why education and training for young people is so important.这就是为什么对年轻人的教育和培养是如此重要。句中why引导表语从句，强调结果。That was why I asked for a weeks leave.那就是为什么我请了一周假。He didnt come yesterday. Thats because he was ill.他昨天没来，那是因为他病了。The reason why it is difficult for many university students to find a job is that they have too high expectations.许多大学生找工作难的原因是他们期望值太高。即境活用3(2011陕西高考)Id like to start my own business thats _Id do if I had the money. Awhy Bwhen Cwhich D what 解析：选D。考查表语从句。句意：我想自己做生意那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。从句中的do 是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以将A 和B 排除，这两个选项在从句中常常作状语。which 引导名词性从句时，意为“哪个，哪些”，一般用于有一定范围可供选择的情况，这不合逻辑，故用what。 .单词拼写1Annual rainfall (降雨量) was lower last year than ever before.2Im sure you can appreciate the gravity (严重性) of the situation.3We now face an embarrassing dilemma (困境): should we stay or go?4I found a job through an employment agency (服务机构)5The paint gives woodwork permanent (长久的) protection against the weather.6The building had a brick base and a metal framework (框架)7He wanted a conventional (传统的) marriage with a wife and kids.8She always travels firstclass regardless of expense (费用). .完成句子1他能否获得一等奖我还有些怀疑。I have_some_doubt_whether he can win the first prize. 2这种情况迫使公司改进其产品与服务。The situation puts_pressure_on the company to_improve its products and service.3辞职之后，他的人生面临着重大抉择。His life was at_a_crossroads after he quit his job.4汤姆对于吃什么不大讲究。只要填饱肚子，他就很满足。Tom is not particular about what he eats. He is content so long as it fills_his_belly.5公司出钱请我们外出就餐。We were taken out for a meal at_the_companys_expense.单项填空1Shenzhou has docked with Tiangong1 successfully, _ a milestone in the development of Chinas aerospace technologies.AmarkedBto markCmarking Dhaving marked解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟九号和天宫一号成功对接，这是中国航天事业发展的一个里程碑。marking .是现在分词短语，在句中作结果状语。不定式常表示意想不到的结果，故B项不符合逻辑；A项是过去分词形式表示被动；D项时态错误。2Nowadays looking for a job is _ great pressure _ the graduates.Aputting; about Bsending; onCtaking; on Dputting; on解析：选D。句意：目前找工作给大学毕业生带来很大的压力。put pressure on“给施加压力”，为固定短语。3(2011陕西高考) _all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. ASince BWhile CIf DAs 解析：选B。考查状语从句。句意：虽然他们都是很强的候选人，但是只有一个人能被选来担任这一职务。根据句意应该选B, while 此处意为“ 虽然” 引导让步状语从句。4I told you that he would come to see you.Actually I had little doubt _ it was true.Awhether BthatCsince Dif解析：选B。考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：“我告诉过你他会来看你。”“实际上我几乎没有怀疑过这是真的。”doubt用于否定句时，其后一般用that引导同位语从句。5Everybody was touched _ words after they heard her moving story.Abeyond BwithoutCof Din解析：选A。考查习惯用语。句意：听过她的这个动人的故事以后，每个人都被感动得难以言表。beyond words“无法用语言表达”。6I drove to Zhuhai for the car show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off?Awhy BwhenCwhat Dwhere解析：选A。考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：“上周我开车去珠海参观车展了。”“那就是你请了几天假的原因吗？”由句意可知此处询问原因，故用why。7High production rates are often achieved _ the expense of quality of work.Afor BonCat Dwith解析：选C。句意：高产出率常常是以(牺牲)产品质量为代价的。at the expense of“以(损害)为代价”。8Im in a _ over whether to tell him or not.Aframework BdilemmaCheadline Ddirection解析：选B。句意：我进退两难，不知道是否该告诉他。dilemma意为“困境”，符合句意。framework“框架”；headline“大标题”；direction“方向”。9(2012湖北高考)Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained _； people are still looking for other possible solutions.Aunchallenged BrelevantCcontroversial Dcontradictory解析：选C。考查形容词辨析。句意：这些建筑是否要推倒仍然有争议，人们仍然在寻找其他可能的解决方法。C项意为“有争议的”，符合句意。A项意为“没有异议的，完全接受的”；B项意为“相关的”；D项意为“矛盾的”。10She was working as a teacher when I saw her several years ago, but I _ any news about her ever since.Ahadnt got Bhavent gotCdidnt get Dwouldnt get解析：选B。考查时态。句意：几年前我见到她时，她正在当教师，但是自那之后，我就没有她的消息了。根据“ever since”的提示可知，此句应用现在完成时态。.阅读理解AIn an article published in the Slate magazine, Ray Fisman writes about “why giving poor kids laptops doesnt improve their scholastic performance”. The title of the article is “The $100 Distraction Device”， a response to the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) program, originally known as the $ 100 Laptop.The article does ultimately reach a conclusion. Merely having computers doesnt necessarily improve academic performance. Far more important is how computers are used in peoples lives. The article builds on Fismans personal experience as well as new research by economists Ofer Malamud and Cristian PopEleches, who had access to results from the Euro 200 program that gave poor families computers in Romania. Fisman also recounts the billions that the government spent helping to equip schools with computers. The result of this is that there has not been much improvement.Fisman concludes that if children have computers on which they just play games, they will perform poorly in school. If they do academic work with them, of course they might have different results. Marc Prensky and others might take issue with Fisman, as they see tremendous educational value in some video games. The bigger point is that merely giving computers to people or pushing them into classrooms will just waste more money and will not help poor students. Merely spreading the OLPC program across the developing world wont help.But there are many ways computers can have a tremendous impact if used correctly. If the OLPC program is used not as an end, but instead as a means, it could have exciting results. To do this, the OLPC must be used as a way to connect students to learning opportunities through interactive software. If it is done correctly, we might see that although computers dont help poor kids, computerbased learning does.语篇解读：针对一项给贫穷的孩子送电脑的计划，Ray Fisman发表了一篇文章，他持什么样的观点呢？1What does Ray Fisman think of the One Laptop Per Child program?AHe thinks it has little effect.BHe thinks it does harm to kids health.CHe thinks it is a brilliant idea.DHe thinks it doesnt involve enough people.解析：选A。推理判断题。从第一段的“Ray Fisman writes about why giving poor kids laptops doesnt improve their scholastic performance”可知答案。2Ray Fisman based his article on _.his own experiencenews that he had readreports of the One Laptop Per Child programresearch on the Euro 200 programA BC D解析：选D。细节理解题。从第二段的“The article builds on Fismans personal experience as well as new research by economists . who had access to results from the Euro 200 program .”可知答案。3According to the passage, Marc Prensky _.Ais against children using computersBthinks poor children dont need to buy computersCbelieves some video games can help children learnDwants to promote computer education across the developing world解析：选C。推理判断题。从第四段的“Marc Prensky and others might take issue with Fisman, as they see tremendous educational value in some video games.”可知答案。4What does the writer think of the OLPC program?AHe/She thinks it is a total waste of money.BHe / She believes it needs improvement.CHe / She thinks it will end soon.DHe / She believes it has made a wonderful impact.解析：选B。推理判断题。从最后一段的“If the OLPC program is used not as an end, but instead as a means, it could have exciting results. To do this .”可知作者给这个计划提出了改进的建议，B项描述正确。5The passage was written to _.Apromote a program Breport researchCreport an article Dpraise an author解析：选C。作者意图题。本文主要是围绕Ray Fisman 一篇文章展开的，故选C。BFormer Irish President Mary Robinson, was just making a polite conversation with an Ethiopian (埃塞俄比亚的) teenager about her wedding day. The 16yearold had already been married for a year. “She looked at me with the saddest eyes and said, I had to drop out of school，” Robinson said in a telephone interview. “That conveyed to me the reality，” said Robinson, the first woman to serve as Irelands president and former UN. High Commissioner for Human Rights. “Her life, as far as she is concerned, had more or less ended.”Robinson said keeping girls in school was one of the most important things policymakers could do to address the coming challenges of an everincreasing population, predicted by the United Nations to reach 7 billion soon. “European countries are concerned about aging populations, but this is much less of an issue than the huge number of people which we are going to see over the next 40 years when the population goes from 7 billion to 9 billion，” she said. “Almost all of that increase will be in poor developing countries, so that we have a very big challenge.”Family planning experts worry in particular about the future population explosion in SubSaharan Africa. In May, the United Nations projected the world population would reach 9.3 billion in 2050 and 10.1 billion by 2100. Much of that growth will come from Africa, where the population is growing at 2.3 percent a year more than double Asias 1 percent growth rate. If that rate stays consistent, which is not certain, Africas population will reach 3.6 billion by 2100